• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1997

The larger trends related to cracking in ocean going vessels (primarily tankers and bulk carriers) are reviewed on the basis of available data. The typical interrelated causes of such cracking are: high local stresses, extensive use of higher strength steels, inadequate treatment of dynamic loads, adverse operational factors (harsh weather, improper vessel handling), and controllable structural degradation (corrosion, wear, stevedore damage). Three consequences of cracking are then discussed: structural failure, pollution, and increased maintenance. The first two, while rare, are potentially of high consequence including loss of life. The types of solutions that can be employed to improve the durability of ships in the face of fatigue cracking are then presented. For existing vessels, these solutions range from repairs based on structural analysis or service experience, control of corrosion, and enhanced surveys. For new vessels, the use of advanced design procedures that specifically address dynamic loads and fatigue cracking is necessary. As the preferred solution to the problem of cracking in ships, this paper advocates prevention by explicit design by first principles.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2013

Objectives : With increasing interests in hair cosmetic to keep their scalp and hair healthy we must have much more information about the oriental medical cosmetic goods. Methods : Shampoos which contain herbal ingredients are commonly used to stopping their hair loss, alopecia. On the basis of oriental pharmacology, we analyzed several shampoos which have herbal ingredients and thought about the oriental cosmetic methods for a hair loss. Results : We found that many herb based shampoos are developed on the basis of the principle of oriental medicine. In addition, the interest in oriental medical cosmetic methods that used the principles of the oriental medical science has been increased and cosmetic goods based on the oriental medicine have a positive market. Conclusions : With many possibilities for the oriental medical cosmetic methods, clinical records to prove scientific facts are urgently needed. In addition, the oriental medical cosmetic methods based on oriental medicine to examine scalp and hair should be offered.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 (QZ-16) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. QZ-16, a polypharmaceutical herbomineral formulation developed on the principles of Unani medicine is used for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and urea observed in rats treated with STZ (55 mg/kg body wt.) were significantly reduced by the treatment of QZ-16 (240 mg/kg, p.o.) and gliclazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The reduced HDL cholesterol levels were also increased by the QZ-16 and gliclazide treatments in the STZ induced diabetic rats. These data show that QZ-16 has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.779-788
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• 2015

Individuals with special needs include those with behavioral issues, developmental disorders, cognitive disorders, congenital or genetic disorders, or systemic disease. These conditions may place them at increased risk for oral diseases. Dental management of patients with special needs require in-depth understanding of the background of disability and available behavioral guidance theories. Therefore dental team members need more training in the theory and practice of behavior management principles, which might lead to a clinical experience that is more respectful of the dignity and independence of patients with special needs. The dental professional should be flexible to modify the behavior management approach according to the individual patients needs. Also a family/care-giver centered approach based on their preferences and concerns, the patient's challenging behaviors, and related medical problem can serve to improve the treatment planning and oral health management of dental patients with special needs. This article focuses on uncooperative behavior and behavior management, which help practicing dentists to understand their role in the care of patients with special needs.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.163-177
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause and etiology of vertigo by referring to 47 literatures. The results were as follows ; 1. Vertigo is classified in Oriental Medicine into Exess Symptom-Complex(實證) and Deficiency Symptom-Complex(虛證). Exess Symptom-Complex(實證) is caused by flare-up the fire of the liver(肝陽上亢), phlegm-heat(痰火) and exogenous pathogenic factors(外邪). Deficiency Symptom-Complex(虛證) is caused by insufficiency of the yin of the kidney(腎陰不足) and deficiency of qi and blood(氣血虛). 2. The principles of vertigo treatments are pyongganjamyang(平肝潛陽), sohwasigpung(消火息風), boiggihyul(補益氣血), geonunbiui(建運脾胃), boigsinjeong(補益腎精), chungyangnoisu(充養腦髓), joseubgeodam(燥濕祛痰), geonblhwaui(建脾和胃). 3. Various Needling Treatment Methods of vertigo in the recent Oriental Medicine are presented such as Filiform Needle(鍼刺療法), Auricular Acupuncture Therapy(耳鍼療法), Scalp Acupuncture Therapy(頭鍼療法), Cataneous Needle Therapy(皮膚鍼療法), Aqua Acupuncture Therapy(水鍼療法), etc.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.495-513
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• 2000

In this paper, I examined the terms of letter of credit and standard for examination of documents. In connection with the test of standard, I reviewed the bank's reasonable care, inconsistence and linkage between documents, non-documentary conditions and the treatment of discrepant documents. Traditionally credit law is founded on two principles such as the standards of strict of compliance and substantial compliance, but these standards are not consistency. Moreover although the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP) introduces a new standard for examination of documents by incorporating international banking practice, the standards for documentary compliance have created ambiguity. Accordingly, I suggest that the standard requires strict compliance between party concerned in letter of credit transactions but only requires international standard banking practice in customer relationship. Therefore the standard and the specific guideline should be prescribed in the next version of the UCP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.293-304
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• 1996

Historical interest in dielectric properties of agricultural products and definitions of dielectric terms and basic principles governing their influence on elelctromagnetic energy are presented briefly . The nature of dielectric properties variation with frequency, temperature , and product density is discussed, Graphical data on the dielectric properties of products are presented that illustrate the dependence of these properties on moisture content, frequency, temperature, and density. Applications microwave dielectric properties of agricultural products are cited that include radio-frequency (RF) and microwave heating for seed treatment, improvement of nutritional and keeping qualities of some products, and controlling insects in grain. Uses of dielectric properties for product quality measurement and the rapid determination of moisture content are described. Principle of moisture determination in bulk grain by RF and microwave measurements are briefly presented.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.938-947
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• 2007

Many dialysis modalities such as peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis (HD) and continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis (CRRT) are available for the management of pediatric patients with acute renal failure (ARF). PD is a relatively simple, inexpensive modality and can be used in hemodynamically unstable patients. But, it may not be the optimal therapy for patients with severe volume overload or life threatening hyperkalemia. HD is the preferred modality for the treatment of severe volume overload, severe hyperkalemia, but it needs vascular access. Improvements in the HD equipment have allowed HD to be performend in small children. Recents technological improvements in CRRT therapies have enabled pediatric patients who are less stable to be treated. CRRT is becoming the preferred method of acute therapy in pediatric intensive care units. A sound knowledge of the underlying principles of dialysis and awareness of recent technological advancements in differnet dialysis modalities will hopefully result in improved management of children with ARF.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1993

The baby makes very great strides in the first year of his life. The developmental principles may be summarised as follows : first, the continuous process from conception to maturity, second, the physical manifestation of neural maturation, third, the cephalocaudal direction, from proximal to distal, fourth generalized mass activity to specific individual responses, fifth, reflex dominance to integration. The stages of normal movement development an head control, rolling creeping(on belly), sitting crawling(on hands and on knees), standing and walking. The knowledge of normal movement development needs for the assessment treatment and management of C.N.S. injuried infant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

Norditerpene alkaloids are the main toxic principles of traditional oriental herb 'chuawu(bu-shi),' which have been used in Chinese materia medica mainly for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. They are biosynthesized via cyclization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, incoration of 2-aminoethanol and decarboxylation not via amino acid pathway, and the structural characteristics have tempted several oxidative reactions. In this study various norditerpene alkaloids were subjected to react active manganese dioxide and oxoammonium salt as oxidants. The oxidation was proceeded as dealkylation with aconitine type and dehydrogenations with lycoctonin and heteratisine type.