• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2011

The present study investigated the actual conditions of physical therapy rooms at long-term hospitals in Korea and conducted a comparative analysis to develop an efficient floor plan and facility improvement measures. 1. At hospitals surveyed, physical therapy services were used at a high frequency but they did not have enough space for rehab treatment and long paths of patient flow were found to make patient management inconvenient. Therefore, physical therapy units should be conveniently located both in terms of distance and direction so as to be accessible from patient rooms or wards. The space should be organized in a concentrated layout for efficiency of physical therapy, and floor planning for therapy units should ensure the best possible viewing angle to therapists. 2. With regard to the disease characteristics of patients, many physical therapy rooms were in difficult circumstances because of poor facilities, so they need to secure skilled personnel, supplement apparatuses and equipment and have rooms for functional recovery, hydrotherapy and operation treatment. In addition, each of the curtained or partitioned areas for treatment should be set up with consideration for the amount of space taken up by medical equipment. The area under each bed should be designed for patient convenience so that it can be used as storage space for patient's belongings and shoes. 3. Patients complained about the lack of physical therapy space, resting places or exercise areas and demanded the expansion of rehab programs and facilities. Physical therapy facilities need to be improved for patient privacy and effective natural ventilation. 4. At most of the long-term hospitals surveyed, physical therapy units were found to have small areas and treatment equipment and devices were insufficient compared to the number of patients. Therefore, it is required to secure more space (at least 138.24 sq. meters per 100 beds) and improve facilities for better physical therapy services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4961-4964
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• 2013

Greater use of mobile phone devices seems inevitable because the health industry and cancer care are facing challenges such as resource constraints, rising care costs, the need for immediate access to healthcare data of types such as audio video texts for early detection and treatment of patients and increasing remote aids in telemedicine. Physicians, in order to study the causes of cancer, detect cancer earlier, act in prevention measures, determine the effectiveness of treatment and specify the reasons for the treatment ineffectiveness, need to access accurate, comprehensive and timely cancer data. Mobile devices provide opportunities and can play an important role in consulting, diagnosis, treatment, and quick access to health information. There easy carriage make them perfect tools for healthcare providers in cancer care management. Key factors in cancer care management systems through a mobile phone health approach must be considered such as human resources, confidentiality and privacy, legal and ethical issues, appropriate ICT and provider infrastructure and costs in general aspects and interoperability, human relationships, types of mobile devices and telecommunication related points in specific aspects. The successful implementation of mobile-based systems in cancer care management will constantly face many challenges. Hence, in applying mobile cancer care, involvement of users and considering their needs in all phases of project, providing adequate bandwidth, preparation of standard tools that provide maximum mobility and flexibility for users, decreasing obstacles to interrupt network communications, and using suitable communication protocols are essential. It is obvious that identifying and reducing barriers and strengthening the positive points will have a significant role in appropriate planning and promoting the achievements of mobile cancer care systems. The aim of this article is to explain key points which should be considered in designing appropriate mobile health systems in cancer care as an approach for improving cancer care management.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

Pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of the pond system for further polishing of treatment wetland effluent from December 2000 to June 2001. The wetland system used for the experiment was highly effective to treat the sewage during the growing season, but it was less effective and its effluent was still high to discharge to the receiving water body. Therefore, the wetland effluent may need further treatment to prevent water quality degradation. Pond system could be used to hold and further polish the wetland effluent during the winter season and ots feasibility was evaluated in this study. Additional water quality improvement was apparent in the pond system during winter season, and the pond effluent could be good enough to meet the effluent water quality standards if it is properly managed. Timing of the pond effluent discharge appears to be critical for pond system management because it is a closed system and whole water quality constituents are affected by physical, chemical, and biological pond environments. Once algae started to grow in mid-April, constituents in the pond water column interact each other actively and its control becomes more complicated. Therefore, upper layer of the pond water column which is clearer than the lower layer my need be discharged in March right after ice cover melted. In the experiment, water quality of the upper water column was markedly clear in March than ant other times probably because of freezing-thawing effect. The remaining lower water column could be further treated by natural purification as temperature goes up or diluted with better quality of wetland effluent for appropriate water uses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of pond system for subsequent management of wetland effluent during the winter season, however, more study is needed for field application.

• Biomaterials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2018

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is photo-treatment of malignant or benign diseases using photosensitizing agents, light, and oxygen which generates cytotoxic reactive oxygens and induces tumour regressions. Several photodynamic treatments have been extensively studied and the photosensitizers (PS) are key to their biological efficacy, while laser and oxygen allow to appropriate and flexible delivery for treatment of diseases. Introduction: In presence of oxygen and the specific light triggering, PS is activated from its ground state into an excited singlet state, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces apoptosis of cancer tissues. Those PS can be divided by its specific efficiency of ROS generation, absorption wavelength and chemical structure. Main body: Up to dates, several PS were approved for clinical applications or under clinical trials. $Photofrin^{(R)}$ is the first clinically approved photosensitizer for the treatment of cancer. The second generation of PS, Porfimer sodium ($Photofrin^{(R)}$), Temoporfin ($Foscan^{(R)}$), Motexafin lutetium, Palladium bacteriopheophorbide, $Purlytin^{(R)}$, Verteporfin ($Visudyne{(R)}$), Talaporfin ($Laserphyrin^{(R)}$) are clinically approved or under-clinical trials. Now, third generation of PS, which can dramatically improve cancer-targeting efficiency by chemical modification, nano-delivery system or antibody conjugation, are extensively studied for clinical development. Conclusion: Here, we discuss up-to-date information on FDA-approved photodynamic agents, the clinical benefits of these agents. However, PDT is still dearth for the treatment of diseases in specifically deep tissue cancer. Next generation PS will be addressed in the future for PDT. We also provide clinical unmet need for the design of new photosensitizers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2016

Nurses in a children's hospital have to meet a special condition with their younger patients who need continuous supervision and cares. The planning of the ward where the nurse as well as the patient and his/her caregivers stay all day long should cover all the users need. This study focused on the nurse's need for the ward in children's hospital. The nurse stay longer than any users in hospital and their treatment have to be based on deep understanding of their patients. The survey research followed the literature review on the children's hospital and the nurses' task and behavior. 119 nurses answered the structural questionnaire and their answers were analyzed using the statistical process such as basic descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and actor analysis. Results and conclusions are as follows. (1) The subjects least satisfied with the accessibility for the children and the nature-and child-friendly design features among physical environment design factors of the hospital. (2) The Subject regarded the patients' room to a private place of the patients and their caregivers not to the work places. (3) The design factors of the nursing station were classified into four: the functionality-, the privacy-, the supervision-and the restfulness-factor. The functionality and supervision factor were highly required as a workplace, the privacy factor between the patients, their caregivers and subject were also represented high score, but the restfulness factor were least required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to analyze symptom distress and spiritual well-being in patients with cancer according cancer diagnosis, metastasis, treatment stage, number of hospitalizations and treatment modality. Method: The participants, 285 patients being treated in one of ten general hospitals either as in- or out-patients, completed the McCorkle and Young(1978) Symptom Distress Scale translated and adapted by Uhm(1986) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison(1982) translated by Choi(1990). Data collection was done from June 19 to September 30, 2006. Results: For symptom distress, there were significant differences for cancer diagnosis(p=.018), metastasis(p=.000), treatment stage(p=.000), number of hospitalizations(p=.000), and treatment modality(p=.002). For spiritual well-being, the only significant difference was for cancer diagnosis(p=.002). Patients with ovarian/uterine cancer had the lowest spiritual well-being. Conclusion: For patients with cancer, symptom distress was significantly different for illness and treatment factors, in particular, stage of illness, while for spiritual well-being, patients with uterine ovarian cancer had the lowest spiritual level. These results indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to decrease symptom distress in patients according to treatment stage and to promote spiritual well-being, particularly in women with ovarian/uterine cancer.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.364-374
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe feelings and actions of nurses following withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from children being cared for by the nurses. Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 7 nurses from different hospitals where children receiving nursing care had life-sustaining treatment withdrawn. The interviews were conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 when all data were saturated. Interviews lasted 30~90 minutes and were conducted 2~3 times per participant. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research methodology. Results: The following factors constituted experiences of nurses working in pediatric wards when life-sustaining treatment was withdrawn from children: "agony and conflict in the aspects of care", "heavy mind and regret for exhausting care", "intentionally avoiding parents' sadness", "comforting sadness in the heart" and "orientation in the role of caring for children undergoing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment." Conclusion: Findings indicate that support systems and intervention programs need to be developed so that nurses can understand and wisely deal with experiences of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from children who receive care from nurses.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Objectives: The study was investigated to assess efficacy for home visiting treatment using Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM). Methods: The traditional medical doctor of Um-Sung health center has treated the 109 patients and they also answered the questionnaires of home visiting treatment using TKM before and after. The questionnaires were composed of flexibility, pain, health behavior, perception of health, satisfaction, cognition of TKM, etc. The questionnaires were analyzed by use of paired t-test and chi-square test. Results: They have significantly improved the flexibility (p<.001), pain (p<.001), health behavior (p<.001), and the perception (p<.001) of health after home visiting treatment. It was also brought to improve about the perception of TKM, and showed a good satisfaction and the improvement of health. Conclusion: Home visiting treatment using TKM is helpful to improve the health based on these results. We need to systemize the research for the activation of home visiting treatment using TKM.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

The emergence of mucosal healing as a treatment goal that could modify the natural course of Crohn's disease and the accumulating evidence showing that biologics are most effective in achieving mucosal healing, along with the success of early treatment regimens for rheumatoid arthritis, have led to the identification of early Crohn's disease and development of the concept of catching the therapeutic window during the early disease course. Thus, an increasing number of pediatric gastroenterologists are adopting an early biologic treatment strategy with or without an immunomodulator. Although early biologic treatment is effective, cost and overtreatment are issues that limit its early use. Currently, there are insufficient data on who will benefit most from early biologics, as well as on who will not need early or even any biologics. For now, top-down biologics should be considered for patients with currently known high-risk factors of poor outcomes. For other patients, close, objective monitoring and accelerating the step-up process by means of a treat-to-target approach seems the best way to catch the therapeutic window in early pediatric Crohn's disease. The individual benefits of immunomodulator addition during early biologic treatment should be weighed against its risks and decision on early combination treatment should be made after comprehensive discussion with each patient and guardian.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.330-336
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• 2000

This study deals with the characteristic of refrigerant for heat-treatment deformation control of SM45C steel. The control of heat-treatment deformation must need the progress of production parts for a landing gear. Most of the deformation is occurred on unequal cooling. The unequal cooling is occurred by a property of quenching refrigeration. When a heated metal is deposited in the refrigeration, the cooling speed is so slow in early period of cooling because of occurring a steam-curtain. After more cooling, the steam-curtain is destroyed. In this progress, the cooling speed is very fast. The object of this study is to control the deformation of heat-treatment for landing gear by improving the conditions of quenching. The cooling curves and cooling rates of water, oil and polymer solution are obtained and illustrated. From the characteristics of the quenching refrigerant, the effects of heat-treatments on thermal deformation and fatigue strength are also investigated.