• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07d
• /
• pp.1815-1817
• /
• 1999

In this paper, the generation of high pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal (NLC) by dipping effect on three kinds of the rubbed polyimide (PI) surface was investigated. The generated pretilt angle of NLC increases due to dipping effect before rubbing treatment on two kinds of the rubbed PI surface with side chain. The generated pretit angle in NLC by using dipping effect after rubbing treatment on PI surface with short side chain is high compared to the PI surface with long side chain. The generated pretit angle of the positive type NLC $(\Delta{\varepsilon}>0)$ is higher as than that of the negative type NLC $({\Delta}{\varepsilon}<0)$ by using dipping effect before rubbing treatment on homeotropic layer. The generated pretilt angle of NLC is attributed to perpendicular component of permittivity ${\varepsilon}_{\perp}$ of NLC on rubbed PI surface.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.168-178
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this paper were to investigate the effect of active treatment compared with a conservative treatment and to provide the information for physical therapy in patients suffering from chronic neck pain. Forty female subjects who were diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy participated in this study and were divided into the conservative and active treatment groups. The active treatment group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with therapeutic modalities and active neck exercise program during the admission (15 days) and one month after discharge. The conservative treatment group consisted of 20 patients who were not received with active neck exercise program. The assessment tools were made using visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) and modified Zung depression scale(MZDS). All subjects were measured three times: before the admission, at discharge, and at one month after discharge. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test. VAS, NDI and MZDS scores measured at admission and discharge were not significantly different between the groups. On the assessment performed one month after discharge, VAS and NDI scores were significantly lower for the active treatment group compared with those of the conservative treatment group(p<0.05), but MZDS score was not significantly different between the groups. In the comparison of two treatment methods for chronic neck pain, active treatment was more effective than conservative treatment. The findings of the study indicate that active treatment in chronic neck pain has a positive effect in relieving pain and restoring neck function.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2022

Background: This study attempted to apply resin infiltrant (RI) as a method to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment and compared it with fluoride varnish (FV) or artificial saliva to evaluate the effect. Methods: Sixty healthy lozenge specimens were classified into five groups. Group 1 was the negative control group, and discoloration was induced after artificial saliva treatment of the tooth specimen (G1_S+C). Group 2 was a positive control group, in which pigmentation was induced after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G2 _B+S+C). Coloration was induced in group 3 (experimental group 1) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by application of fluorine varnish (G3_B+FV+S+C). Coloration was induced in Group 4 (experimental group 2) after applying RI after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G4_B+RI+S+C). Pigmentation was induced in group 5 (experimental group 3) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by acid treatment (etching) and treatment with RI (G5_B+E+RI+S+C). Coffee and wine were used to induce discoloration. The lightness value (L^*) of the CIE L^*a^*b^* color system was obtained by image analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was performed for the mean difference in L^* values by group. Results: When coloration was induced with coffee, there was no significant difference in L^* value between artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups. There was no significant difference in L^* values between the artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups, even in the case of wine induced coloration. Conclusion: It was confirmed that artificial saliva or RI treatment had similar effects to the FV previously used to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 1998

This study has designed to investigate the removal effect of sewage treatment effluent by ultrafilter membrane species and then to analyze the change of pH, bacteria and E. coli., the concentration of chlorides. Ultra filtration process did not effective to remove chloride, Ca and Mg. Spiral type ultrafiltration process was more effective to remove chemical oxygen demand of sewage treatment effluent than Hollow type ultrafiltration process. The flux of spiral wound ultrafilter was higher than the hollow fiber ultrafilter.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.240-242
• /
• 2004

Effect of post treatment on the fatigue strength of a box weldment was investigated in order to improve fatigue life of the weldment. The post treatment applied were the smooth grinding of weld bead, weld toe grinding and hammer peening at the weld toe. The fatigue strength of the weldment after post treatment clearly increased, compared with that of the weldment in as-welded condition. After smooth grinding of weld bead, fatigue crack initiated at the root of the weldment, while fatigue crack initiated at the weld toe for the other methods.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.59-61
• /
• 1977

This experiment was undertaken with the purpose of investigating the effect on the hop yield and dryweight of two Hallertau forma, Shinshuwase by Gibberellin treatment. The concentration of GA applied were 0, 10, 20ppm respectively and they were treated before ten day of flowering of hop. The result as follows; (1) Yield of hop was increased significantly by treatment of GA 10 ppm solution that is Hallertau was increased 17.2% of control plots, and Shinshuwase was increased 23.2% in GA 20ppm. (2) In dry weight was increased significantly by treatment of GA 10ppm solution that is Hallertau was increased 21.6% of control plot and Shinshuwase was increased 25.9% in GA 20ppm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study is designed to find out if Sasang Constitution distribution is related to the additional effect occurance of Ring Moxibustion treatment. Methods : We choosed 59 case of 'deficient of Qi' patient from 300 using VEGA-D-F-M, then investgated for the additional effect of Ring Moxibustion treatment, to find out tendency with Sasang Constitution distribution. Results : 1. the additional effect was in 2 case of patient, redness and itching sign. Other was not observed. Occurance of Ring Moxibustion treatment is not related to Sasang Constitution distribution. 2. The 'deficient of Qi' case were numerous in Soin(少陰) Constitution then other, about half. Conclusions : This study shows that side effect of Ring Moxibustion treatment is not related to Sasang Constitution distribution.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.481-493
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the review article was to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the effect of bleaching on human teeth and reduced treatment on negative influence. Tooth bleaching effect was differ from extent of concentration and application period of a tooth bleaching agent, certainly full knowledge prior treatment about adverse effect possible appearance and follow clinical treatment for the least reduce. It remains unclear in how far those observation may result in significant adverse effect under clinical conditions. Nevertheless, further investigation are necessary to elucidate these aspect more precisely. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. It is recommended to delay placement of restorations after termination of bleaching therapy for at least 1-3 weeks. 2. Reduced negative influence that is clinical feasibility of catalase in protecting bleached surface against Oxygen radical. 3. The residual peroxide in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on tooth by using water displacement solution, ethylalcohol and aceton including it for effective removal of free radical oxygen.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was undertaken in order to establish clinical application of Taegeuk acupuncture treatment by Sasang(4-type) Constitutional medicine. Methods : 1. Dr. Lee Byung-haeng suggested nine applications of Taegeuk acupuncture treatment of Soyang(lesser Yang) type men. 2. The author summarized the application of Taegeuk acupuncture treatment gathered by clinical experience. 3. The author researched the effect of Taegeuk acupuncture on patients after treatment. Results & Conclusions : 1. Taegeuk acupuncture treatment is effective against psychogenic disease. 2. Taegeuk acupuncture treatment is effective against autonomic nervous system dysfunction(For example, blood circulation disorder, etc.) and has an effect on recovery from sub-health. 3. The author conclude that Taegeuk acupuncture treatment for incurable diseases or diseases of unknown etiology needs a further clinical study in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2003

Cotton fabric md nylon fabric were chosen as base fabric specimens for dyeing using Japanese pagoda tree colorants through chitosan, treatment. With the chitosan treatment, the dye-uptake of the treated fabric increased. This treatment is also expected to be effective in terms of environment-friendliness. The effect of the dyeing methods, mordanting or non-mordanting, and chitosan treatment on the dye-uptake and air permeability of the treated fabrics was investigated. In case of cotton fabric, Al mordanted dyeing resulted in higher dye-uptake through the chitosan treatment. Therefore, the chitosan treatment is effective in this case. Japanese pagoda tree seems to have direct affinity for nylon fabric without the mordanting treatment. In case of cotton fabric, it seems that the cellulose molecules, colorants, and the chitosan make a complex, thereby reducing the air permeability. In case of nylon fabric, due to the fact the Japanese pagoda tree colorant molecules form direct physical bonding with the nylon molecules, it seems that there is not much of air permeability reduction.