• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.631-643
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• 2017

본 연구는 성별에 따른 혈액투석 환자의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하여 혈액투석 환자의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상은 D광역시, C도에 소재한 혈액 투석실에서 혈액투석치료를 받고 있는 환자로 총 168명이었다. 자료 수집은 2015년 8월 20일부터 2015년 9월 5일까지 실시되었다. 자료 분석은 SAS 9.3 통계프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 카이제곱검정, t-test와 분산분석 및 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과, 남성은 가족지지(t=5.33, p<.001), 자기효능감(t=3.52 p<.001)이 종속변수인 삶의 질에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여성은 가족지지(t=2.58 p=.012), 자가간호이행(t=4.08, p<.001)이 종속변수인 삶의 질에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 혈액투석 환자를 돌보는 간호사는 혈액투석 환자의 성별에 따른 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향요인을 인식하여 간호중재를 개발하고 활용함으로써 혈액투석 환자의 정서적, 심리적 안정을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3361-3366
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• 2012

Background & Objectives: The most northern and northwestern regions of Iran are at a high risk for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the general population's awareness about risk factors, symptoms and signs, preventive methods and management of gastric carcinoma in a high prevalence city in the North of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based telephone survey which was conducted on 3,457 residents of Rasht, the capital city of Guilan Province, to assess their awareness regarding gastric carcinoma. The questionnaires contained demographic data and statements on respondents' knowledge about risk factors, symptoms and signs, prevention and management of gastric cancer which were filled by general practitioners after asking the subjects. Data were analyzed in SPSS14. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean knowledge score of the respondents was $5.05{\pm}1.37$ regarding risk factors of gastric carcinoma, $4.39{\pm}1.99$ regarding symptoms and signs, $6.0{\pm}1.22$ regarding preventive strategies, and $1.6{\pm}1.16$ regarding management. Totally the mean knowledge level of the respondents toward gastric carcinoma would be $17.1{\pm}3.97$ from the maximum grade of 29. The age group of 45-55 y/o, bachelor degree and higher, physicians and nurses, those who had cancer history in friends or had the history of gastrointestinal diseases showed significantly higher knowledge scores (P=0.001). Conclusion: There is a general lack of awareness of cancer risk factors, symptoms and signs, methods of prevention, and importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Educational programs should be developed to promote adherence to recommended screening guidelines.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this research was twofold: to compare the short-term efficacy of once-off education versus repetitive education (RE) of patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to determine whether there was any correlation amongst patient demographics, recommendation adherence degree and pain levels. Methods: A total of 848 patients with TMDs were enrolled. The control group consisted of patients who received a standard conservative treatment (STD) over at least 6 visits with education provided only during the first visit. The experimental group consisted of patients who received STD but had also been given RE (STD+RE). The RE was delivered through a standardized self-assessment questionnaire (SAQ) that was completed by the patient during each visit. Pain, which included maximum comfortable opening (MCO) of the mouth and limitation of mouth opening (LOM), was compared between the two groups. Behavior pattern and reported pain level changes in the group who used the SAQ were also analyzed. Results: The LOM was significantly improved in all of the experimental group patients (especially in females under 30 years of age, p<0.05). The MCO was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). All of the patients displayed improvements in their habits following RE, which resulted in a strong correlation with pain reduction. Adhering to the recommendations regarding questions 14 and 15 of the SAQ appeared to have the greatest effect on pain reduction. Conclusions: These results clearly demonstrate that RE is more effective than once-off education for TMD patients who are female or under 30 years of age.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the needs of instructors for developing self-help and aquatic exercise programs of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society (KRHPS). Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires via mail for 63 out of 248 certified instructors from KRHPS. Authors analyzed the data based upon following 3 criteria, 1) demographical data of the instructors, 2) content of the programs, 3) evaluation of arthritis self-help and aquatic exercise program. As a result, most of respondents satisfied with the two programs in general, but they need some modification of the program in partly. They need more information about practical method of exercise, complementary theray, and treatment of arthritis. Also they proposed developing more interesting exercise program which can be learn with ease and enjoyable. It is also suggested that developing new exercise program would be needed to improve adherence of exercise.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2001

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)의 잠복감염으로 부터의 재활성환느 면역기능이 저하된 사람에게 높은 치사율을 가져오며, 재활성화가 기전의 규명은 매우 중요한 연구과제의 하나이다. HCMV의 잠복감염 부위 중 하나라고 생각되고 있는 인체단핵세포에 대한 HCMV의 영향을 알아보기 위해 여러 분화 단계에 있는 THP-1과 HL-60 세포에 HCMV를 감염시킨 후 생존 세포의 수와 형태적 변화를 살펴보았다. HL-60 세포가 HCMV 감염에 의해 세포 생존이나 형태에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 반면, 좀 더 분화된 세포인 THP-1은 HCMV 감염에 의해 생존 세포의 수가 감소하였고, 형태적 변화도 나타났다. 이러한 형태적 변화는 세포의 응집력의 증가에 의한 것으로 HCMV 감염에 따른 THP-1 세포 표면의 CD11b 발현 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. THP-1 세포에 HCMV를 감염시킨 후 잠복감염이 이루어진 것을 확인하고, 세포 분화 유도제인 TPA와 hydrocortisone을 처리하였을 경우 방러스가 재활성화하여 증식하는지 알아보았다. 바이러스 감염 2일째에 분화시킨 THP-1 세포에서는 분화 5일째부터 다량의 바이러스가 검출되었고, 감염 17일째 분화시킨 세포에서는 분화 후 15일째부터 바이러스가 검출됨을 관찰하였다. 이는 HCMV를 THP-1 세포에 감염 후 분화를 시키면 잠복감염해 있는 HCMV가 재활성화 되는 것이라 생각되고, 감복해 있던 기간이 길어질수록 바이러스의 재활성화정도는 지연된다는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2000

Candida albicans is one of the most frequently isolated fungal pathogens in human. Recently, the prevalence of candida infection has markedly increased, partially due to the increase of immunocompromised hosts. Proposed virulence factors of the pathogenic Candida are the ability to form hyphae to adhere to epithelial cell surfaces, and to secrete acid proteinases and phospholipases. We measured the relative cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and the ability of proteinase production (PROT), phospholipase production (PLase), adherence to host epithelium (ADH), and hyphal transition (Germ). The relative risk of virulence factors was analyzed by lethality test in murine model of hematogeneously disseminated candidal infection. According to Cox's proportional hazard analysis, the statistically significant virulence factors were PROT, ADH, and CSH. PROT was the highest risk factor of them. To evaluate the applicability for the diagnosis and treatment of Candidiasis, we examined the protective effect of the active and passive immunizations with the materials purified from virulence factors and antibodies to them in Candia-infected mice model. The mean survival times of active and passive immunized groups were slightly longer than those of non-immunized groups.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

In this study, five commercially available fouling resistant low-pressure RO membranes were investigated for the treatment of seasonally brackish surface water with high organic content (${\approx}24mg/L$). The membranes investigated are LFC-1 (Hydranautics), X20 (Trisep), BW30FR1 (FilmTec), SG (Osmonics), and BE-FR (Saehan). The results of surface characterization revealed that each of these membranes has one or two unique surface characteristics to minimize the adherence of the fouling materials to the membrane. Specifically, the LFC1 membrane features a neutral or low negative surface to minimize electrostatic interactions with charged foulants. The X20, on the other hand, shows a highly negatively charged surface, and thus, is expected to perform well with feed waters containing negatively charged organics and colloids. The BW30FR1 exhibits a relatively neutral and hydrophilic surface, which could be beneficial for lessening organic and/or biofouling. The SG membrane has a smooth surface that makes it quite resistant to fouling, particularly for colloidal deposition. Lastly, BE-FR membrane demonstrated a medium surface charge and a slightly higher hydrophobicity. In the pilot study, all of the four membranes experienced a gradual increase in MTC (water mass transfer coefficient or specific flux) over time, indicating no fouling occurred during the pilot study. The deterioration of permeate water quality such as TDS was also observed over time, suggesting that the integrity of the membranes was compromised by the monochloramine used for biofouling control.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2006

배지에 tetracycline이 없으면 사멸하는 평활근세포 (FADD-SMC)를 이용하여 metalloproteinase (MMP)와 사멸세포의 상관관계를 조사하였다. FADD-SMC를 tetracycline이 없는 배지에서 배양하는 경우 핵이 조각으로 잘라졌고 인산화한 p38과 ERK가 증가하고 MMP-9의 발현과 활성이 증가한 반면, cyclin D와 cyclin D의 발현은 감소하였다. 그리고 죽는 FADD-SMC에서 MMP-9의 발현은 immunofluorescen로 재확인하였다. MMP-9의 증가는 MAPK 억제제인 PD098059와 p38 MAPK 억제제인 SB203S80에 의하여 감소하였다. 그리고 MMP 억제제인 BB94는 FADD-SMC의 사멸을 감소시켰다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

Phasianus colchicus is not only a beautiful bird but also a great value in science and under the threat of endanger. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate the pheasant male germ cells (mGCs) and then induce them into elongated sperm-like cells in vitro. The mGCs were purified and enriched by a two-step plating method based on the different adherence velocities of mGCs and somatic cells. The percentage of the c-kit positive cells and c-kit negative cells examined by flow cytometry analysis (FCA) was 92.87% and 2.57%, respectively. Subsequently, the mGCs were induced for 48h in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented factors such as retinol acid, testosterone and bovine FSH, followed by 5 weeks in culture. We found that some elongated sperm-like cells appeared initially in vitro under inducement of stimulated factors. The elongated sperm-like cells showed in the expression of changed morphology and post-transcriptional marker such as spermatid associated (SPERT), spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein (STRBP), round spermatid basic protein 1 (RSBN1) and SPER1L. Moreover, in DNA content identified assay, induced cells showed that the 1C DNA population markedly increased in differentiated group but it was not change in undifferentiated group. Successful in vitro differentiation of pheasant testicular germline cells into spermatids appears to offer extremely attractive potential for the conservation of endangered birds and treatment of male infertility.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

We previously observed that Bacillus subtilis spores from sspE mutants presented a lower germination capacity in media containing high salt concentrations (0.9M NaCl). This deficiency was attributed to the absence of SASP-E (gamma-type small-acid-soluble protein), rich in osmocompatible amino acids released by degradation. Herein we observed that, in addition, this mutant spore presented a reduced capacity to use L-alanine as germinant (L-ala pathway), required longer times to germinate in calcium dipicolinate ($Ca^{2+}$-DPA), but germinated well in asparagine, glucose, fructose, and potassium chloride (AGFK pathway). Moreover, mild sonic treatment of mutant spores partially recovered their germination capacity in L-ala. Spore qualities were also altered, since sporulating colonies from the sspE mutant showed a pale brownish color, a higher adherence to agar plates, and lower autofluorescence, properties related to their spore coat content. Furthermore, biochemical analysis showed a reduced partition in hexadecane and a higher content of $Ca^{2+}$-DPA when compared with its isogenic wild-type control. Coat protein preparations showed a different electrophoretic pattern, in particular when detected with antibodies against CotG and CotE. The complementation with a wild-type sspE gene in a plasmid allowed for recovering the wild-type coat phenotype. This is the first report of a direct involvement of SASP-E in the spore coat assembly during the differentiation program of sporulation.