• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.708-712
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• 1998

One hundred and eighty, 1-day old broiler chicks, randomly divided into 15 replicates of 10 brids each were employed to six treatment rations (A, B, C, D, E and F). Rapeseed meal (RSM) with or without treatment was incorporated in the rations at 20 percent level in lieu of soybean meal. The birds in group A were fed soybean based ration and those in group B, C, D, E and F were given ration containing untreated, solvent extracted, water treated, autoclaved and ferrous sulphate treated RSM, respectively. Presence of RSM in the rations whether untreated or treated, significantly reduced weight gain and feed consumption of the birds compared with those of control group but efficiency of feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups remained unaffected. The size of thyroid galnds of the broilers using the meal was significantly larger than those having ration without RSM. The only exception was that the birds having solvent extracted meal had similar thyroid gland relative weight as those of control group indicating reduced antinutritional effect of isothiocyanates content due to solvent extraction of the meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 유용 미생물 제제를 이용하여 유채박을 부숙시켜 비료 효과를 증진시키는 방법을 구명하고 작물에 처리 후 시용 효과를 확인하기 위해 수행되었으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유용 미생물 제제로는 시판 중인 미생물 담체와 미생물 발효제를 이용하였으며, 유채박을 부숙시켰을 시 pH와 EC, 전질소 함량의 변화는 없었다. 2. 그러나 부숙 일수가 증가 할수록 무기태 질소인 암모늄태 질소와 질산태 질소가 증가하였으며, 미생물 담체 이용 시 부숙 5일차에 암모늄태 질소가 5.6배, 질산태 질소가 1.5배 증가하였으며, 미생물 발효제 이용 시 암모늄태 질소 4.6배, 질산태 질소 1.5배가 증가하였다. 3. 두 미생물 제제 혼합 부숙 5일차 유채박을 토마토에 기비로 시용하였을 시, 모든 부숙 유채박 처리구에서 기존 복합비료보다 광합성량이 증가하여, 최종 초장이 증가하였다. 4. 토마토의 잎에서 질소함량은 미생물 발효제 혼합 부숙 유채박을 시용하였을 때, 복합비료 시용 시 보다 2배 많은 함량을 보여 토마토 초장의 증가는 식물체 흡수가 용이한 무기태 질소 시용 효과였음을 확인하였다. 5. 결과를 종합해볼 때, 유용 미생물 제제 중 미생물 발효제를 이용하여 유채박을 5일간 부숙시켜 고체 형태의 비료를 제조하였을 시, 무기태 질소 함량의 증가가 가장 많았으며 이를 토마토 등 작물에 시용했을 때 질소 흡수량이 증가하여 초장과 같은 영양생장기 생육 등에서 생육 증진 효과를 보일 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1991

Supplementation of iodine at the level of 3.5mg/kg reduced weight gain of the rats fed rapeseed oil meal (ROM) diets. Treatment of ROM with ammonia at the level of 2 or 4% tended to increase metabolizable energy value and availability of dry matter, crude protein and crude ash of ROM in the chicken. Potential goitrin level of ROM was reduced by ammoniation at 6% level, while the level of potential isothiocyanates was increased by ammoniation. Treatment of ROM with ammonia at the level of 3% and above reduced weight gain of the chickens fed treated ROMs. Weight of thyroid glands of the birds increased as the level of ammoniation of ROM increased. Supplementation of Avoparcin to the diets containing ROM improved weight gain and dressing percentage of the broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of blood-mixed and heat-treated protein feeds on protein degradation in the rumen, flow of protein to the abomasums and availability of undegraded protein in the intestine of sheep in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Soybean oil meal, rapeseed meal, and whole soybean were mixed with fresh swine blood and dried at $140^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Proportionate disappearance of apparently digested OM in the postrumen for the blood and heat treated protein group was ranged from 43.2 to 50.5% as compared with 28.0% for the unheated soybean oil meal diet. The treated protein supplements were resulted in greater total N and NAN flow passing at the abomasums than untreated soybean oil meal diet was fed. The quantities of undegraded feed N passing at the abomasums for the treated protein diets was approximately twice as high as that of the untreated soybean oil meal diet and the estimated amount of undegraded N of the protein supplement itself was 79.1 to 84.2% as compared with 15% of soybean oil meal.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2008

본 연구는 반추가축에 있어서 단백질 Bypass처리가 광물질의 체내이용에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 반추위 Cannula를 장착한 면양 3두에 나이론백 실험방법을 이용하여 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험사료로는 대두박과 채종박을 사용하였으며, 본 시험사료에 가열($133^{\circ}C$, $143^{\circ}C$) 처리와 포름알데이드(0.3%, 0.5%)처리를 하고 나이론 백을 사용하여 반추위내에서 배양한 후 Phytate와 P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Cu에 대해 각 항목의 반추위내의 소실율을 구하였다. 시험결과에 의하면 대두박과 채종박에 대한 단백질 Bypass처리는 Phytate를 포함한 모든 광물질에서 단백질 Bypass 처리의 강도가 높아짐에 따라 반추위내의 각 광물질의 소실율이 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그리고 각 광물질간의 비교에서 Cu, Zn, Ca의 소실율이 타광물질에 비하여 낮은 경향을 보여 특히 본 광물질의 이용성 감소가 예상된다. 이상의 결과로 반추가축에 있어서 이용률이 매우 높은 것으로 알려진 Phytate는 단백질 Bypass처리를 함으로써 Phytate와 결합되어 사료내에 존재하는 광물질의 반추위내의 분해 율을 감소시켜 반추가축에 있어서의 광물질 부족 및 분으로의 배설 증가로 인한 토양의 오염증가가 예상된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to quantify the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) in the liquid phase of ruminal (RD) and omasal digesta (OD), and to investigate diurnal pattern in SNAN flow in OD. Five ruminally cannulated Finnish-Ayrshire dairy cows in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design consumed a basal diet of grass silage and barley grain, and that supplemented with four protein feeds (kg/d DM basis) as follows: skimmed milk powder (2.1), wet distiller' solubles (3.0), untreated rapeseed meal (2.1) and treated rapeseed meal (2.1). Ruminal digesta was sampled using a vacuum pump, whereas OD was collected using an omasal sampling system at 1.0 h interval during a 12 h feeding cycle. Both RD and OD were acidified, centrifuged to remove microbes and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid followed by centrifugation. The SNAN fractions (free amino acid (AA), peptide and soluble protein) in RD and OD were assessed using ninhydrin assay. Free AA, peptide and soluble protein averaged 60.0, 89.4 and 2.1 g/d, respectively, for RD, and 81.8, 121.5 and 2.5 g/d, respectively, for OD. Although free AA flow was relatively high, mean peptide flow was quantitatively the most important fraction of SNAN, indicating that degradation of peptide to AA rather than hydrolysis of soluble protein to peptide or deamination may be the most limiting step in rumen proteolysis. Diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD during a 12 h feeding cycle peaked 1 h post-feeding, decreased by 3 h post-feeding and was relatively constant thereafter. Protein supplementation showed higher flow of peptide including free AA immediately after feeding compared with no supplemented diet. There were no differences among protein supplements in diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD.