• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.81-102
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• 2010

The present study analyzes the choice factors and possibility of traditional and other competing markets through consumer behavior analyses in order to suggest factors that can help reactivate traditional markets. Hence, Multinomial Logit Model is used as it is an optimum model to understand discrete selection. The results suggested some tendencies regarding traditional market. For example, traditional market is more activated when the market is large and has more parking spaces, and when the level of consumer satisfaction is high. While, increased travel distance and time have negative effects on visitor's choice. Governmental supports are turned out to have less to do with the consumer attraction. People with higher incomes tend to prefer other types of market. The results also suggested there is more likelihood of traditional markets being reactivated if the market is not fiercely competing with other types of markets. Internet market is ranked top in consumer's choice possibility, while traditional market is ranked at the bottom. The plausible factors to reactivate traditional market were physical factors(including increasing shops and parking facilities), which is followed by governmental support.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

A performance index of singalized intersections is a standard to optimize signal control variables and to manage traffic flow. Traffic delays is generally used to minimize the average delay time on intersections or networks, progression efficiency is used to improve travel speed of main cooridors or to provide transit signal priority. We manage traffic flows with only selecting one index between delays and progression according to the objective of traffic management and field characteristics. In real field, the driver's satisfaction is high in any performance criteria when the waiting time is shorter and the unnecessary stop in front of traffic is smaller. This paper aims to develop simulation model to represent real progression with concurrently considering delays and progression. In order to reflect an effect of level of traffic volumes and residual queues which don't be considered in prior progression model, we apply shockwave model with flow-density diagram. We derive Cell Transmission Model of Daganzo in order to develop the delay index and the progression index for the macroscopic simulation model. In order to validate the effect, we analysis traffic delays and progression efficiency with comparing this model to Transyt-7F and PASSER V.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.321-331
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to establish well-dying education, well-dying culture, and industrialization for well-aging. For this, data was collected through Gallup Korea from February 1, 2021 to February 22, 2021. As a result of the study, well-dying education experience was 4.7%, and education satisfaction was surveyed with 2.88 points out of 5. As a result of analyzing the needs of well-dying education according to the age groups, the educational demands of youth and middle-aged were in the order of hospice education and information, life-sustaining medical information, and funeral information. In the case of the young old, it was in the order of hospice education and information, funeral information, and psychological overcoming related to death. In the case of the elderly, the survey was conducted in the order of hospice education and information, funeral information, and life-care related information. The perception of industrialization related to the well-dying culture was inspected in the order of the well-dying café where you can talk about life and death, the well-dying experience such as the entrance experience, and the development of travel products related to culture and art (p<0.05). Such results can be usefully utilized in the development of well-dying education programs for well aging, cultural spreading, and industrialization.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.58-71
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• 2021

The number of elderly people worldwide is rapidly increasing and the mobility handicapped suffering from inconvenient public transportation service is also increasing. In Korea and abroad, various policies are being implemented to provide high-quality transportation services for the mobility handicapped, and budget support and investment related to mobility facilities are being expanded. The mobility handicapped spends more time for transit transfer than normal users and their satisfaction with transit service is also lower. There exist transfer inconvenience points of the mobility handicapped due to various factors such as long transfer distances, absence of transportation facilities like elevators, escalators, etc. The purpose of this study is to find transfer inconvenience points for convenient transit transfer of the mobility handicapped using Smart card Big data. This study process traffic card transaction data and construct transfer travel data by user groups using smart card big data and analysis of the transfer characteristics for each user group ; normal, children, elderly, etc. Finally, find transfer inconveniences points by comparing transfer patterns between normal users and the mobility handicapped. This study is significant in that it can find transfer inconvenience points for convenient transit transfer of the mobility handicapped using Smart card Big data. In addition, it can be applicated of Smart card Big data for developing public transportation polices in the future. It is expected that the result of this study be used to improve the accessibility of transit transportation for mobility handicapped.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to consider ways to strengthen it through comparison and curriculum while recognizing the importance of global competencies in liberal arts education in universities. Methods: In order to explore ways to reinforce the sub-competence of global competencies, this study was conducted at a four-year university in Chungcheong-do for one year in 2019, such as 'Global Culture Talk', 'Global Travel', 'Global Nanta', and 'Making Global Friends'. Cases of comparison and application of educational programs were analyzed. The program was attended by the Department of Business Administration, Department of Aviation Service, Department of Design, Department of Manga Animation, Department of Broadcasting and Film, and foreign exchange students. The competency-centered curriculum not only has clear educational goals, but is also very advantageous in establishing a feedback system by measuring its performance. This study will assess the effectiveness of the education plan by diagnosing the change in competencies before and after the comparison and curriculum is operated. Results: The overall global competency has increased by 0.2 points compared to 2017. By subsector, it was found that the flexibility increased by 1.4 points. In the field of cross-cultural understanding, it rose 0.6 points, and in the field of global understanding, it rose 2.2 points, showing the largest increase in the sub-fields. Nevertheless, the field of global interest remains at a low level. This is considerably low compared to flexibility and ability to understand other cultures, and it is expected that measures for improvement should be continuously sought. Since the understanding of other cultures has already exceeded 60 points, it is expected that the global competency of the university will be strengthened if the level is consistently maintained and the emphasis is placed on enhancing flexibility and improving global understanding. Conclusion: The importance of strengthening global capabilities is steadily rising. Universities are also reorganizing the curriculum by analyzing the needs and satisfaction of education consumers to respond to this. The programs operated and analyzed in this study were also made as part of this effort. However, since there are various factors that affect global competency, it cannot be but admitted that it is not easy to gauge the change in competency with only a few programs and short-term efforts. However, if the efforts pursued by this study are accumulated and supplemented through feedback from a long-term perspective, it can be expected that there are not a lot of contributions to strengthening global competencies in liberal arts education.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The 4th industrial revolution has become a topic of 'experiential games' that utilize technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and complex reality, and they are promoting various experiential game contents to attract tourists in the tourism industry have. The trend of tourism is the concept of the healing which aims to enhance the quality of life of the individual in the concept of simple travel, that is, the consumer is not satisfied with the sight, There are many changes in the form of tourism. In this study, domestic and foreign cases that utilized the fun and experience of tourism in the game were examined using case study methods. In domestic case, although service was provided by using smart phone, there is a problem that simple information is provided, mission quest method is not continuously provided, and the story is limited. I tried to find out the solution through this case. Developing and applying various experience contents, utilizing active investment and various stories for continuous service, and utilizing new technology such as virtual reality, it will bring about improvement of domestic tourism industry and satisfaction.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-209
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• 2023

The air travel industry, which had shrunk with COVID-19, is gaining wings again. Accordingly, this study investigated whether non-verbal communication factors experienced through interaction with airline flight attendants for passengers who have traveled abroad within the past year through domestic airlines affect customer engagement and brand intimacy. A total of 285 samples were collected, and SPSS 28 and AMOS 26 programs were used to verify the reliability and validity of the research tool, the suitability of the model, and hypotheses. As a result of the empirical study analysis, it was confirmed that Paralanguage and Proxemics in non-verbal communication of flight attendants had a significant effect on customer engagement. Although it is different from the results of previous studies following changes in perspective after COVID-19, it once again confirmed the importance of airline crew communication in providing face-to-face services at the interface with passengers. In order to induce customer engagement, which is a new customer satisfaction management index. In addition, it was confirmed that customer engagement has a significant effect on brand intimacy. These results support the view that it is necessary to establish new customer management indicators of emotion and relationship marketing in the existing marketing centered on price reduction or securing loyalty. It was confirmed that interactions with flight attendants can contribute to customer engagement, and these results have important implications for those working in the air transportation industry.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.299-313
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• 2014

Recently, an interest on parenting stress and depression of grandparents raising grandchildren is rising according to the increase of working couple and divorce. Discussing around developmental task of elderly, one of the influencing factors on increase of grandparents' parenting stress and depression is leisure restriction. However, this factor has received far less rigorous analysis. Thus, the purpose of this article is to offer an analysis of the effect of leisure activities on depression in grandparents raising grandchildren. The data was collected from 172 grandparents raising their grandchildren in 2011 national survey results on the elderly life conditions. Their analyses were composed of descriptive statistic and multiple regression analysis. The study generated several findings. First, grandparents participated in activities for exercise and religion at a high rate and their mean score of depression was 7.1 of 15 what suggests middle level of depression. second, multiple regression analysis showed that the factor of exercise, travel experience, leisure activities satisfaction and other special leisure activities were statistically significant predictors of depression. Implication for social welfare services and programs to improve the mental health of grandparents raising their grandchildren to have positive self-awareness and attitude about life in their position and living condition for help prevent depression were discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

With the slowdown in environmental issues and the change of environmental consciousness, ecotourism is being discussed in various social fields. Ecotourism is being popularized for environmental protection, and now it is becoming a mainstream product from one of mass tourism. Ecotourism's emphasis on sustainable development in the tourism destination's society, economy, and environment, through ecotourism study and education, enable people to understand the core value of the ecological environment. 2011 was nominated as "the Year of World Forest" by the UN. In the recent years, forests are becoming increasingly important with their own values and functions in environment, economy, society, and culture. In particular, the global environmental issues caused by climate change are becoming an international agenda. Forests are the only effective solution for the carbon dioxide that causes global warming. Moreover, forests constitute a major part of ecotourism, and are now most used by ecotourists. For example, Korea, wherein 60% of the land is forest, attracts ecotourists. With the increasing interests in environment, the number of tourists visiting the ecosystem forest, which is highly valued for its conservation, is increasing significantly every year and is receiving considerable attention from the government. However, poor facilities in the forest ecotourism sites and improper market strategies are the reasons for the poor running of these sites. Furthermore, tourists' environmental awareness affects ecology environmental pollution or the optimization of forest ecotourism. In order to verify the relationships among tourist attractiveness, environmental consciousness, charm degrees of the attractions, and attitudes after tours, we established some scales based on existing research achievement. Then, using these scales, the researcher completed the questionnaire survey. From December 20, 2010 to February 20, 2011, after conducting surveys for 12 weeks, we finally obtained 582 valid questionnaires, from a total of 700 questionnaires, that could be used in statistical analysis. First, for the method of research and analysis, the researcher initially applied the Cronbach's (Alpha) for verifying the reliability, and subsequently applied the Exploratory factor analysis for verifying the validity. Second, in order to analyze the demographics, the researcher makes use of the Frequency analysis for the AMOS, measurement model, structural equation model computing, and also utilizes construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Third, for the analysis of the ecotourists' environmental consciousness, impacts on tourist attractiveness, charm degrees of the attractions, and attitudes after the tour, the researcher uses AMOS 19, with the path analysis and equation of structure. After the research, researchers found that high awareness of natural protection lead to high tourist motivation and satisfaction and more positive attitude after the tour. Moreover, this research shows the psychological and behavioral reactions of the ecotourists to the ecotourist development. Accordingly, environmental consciousness does not affect the tourist attractiveness that has been interpreted as significant. Furthermore, people should focus on the change of natural protection consciousness and psychological reaction of ecotourists while ensuring the sustainable development of ecotourists and developing some ecotourist programs.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.77-99
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• 1992

The study was carried out at W. hospital, an affiliated hospital of Y university, involved a total of 163 patients who were discharged from the hospital between May 1990 und March 199J. Data collection was twice, just prior to discharge and a minimum of three months post discharge. Thirty patients who lived within a hour travel time of the hospital received home care during the three months post discharge. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions For these patients were analyzed in this study. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Discharge needs for the subjects of the study were analyzed using Gordon's eleven Functional categories and it was found that 48.3% of the total sample had identified nursing needs. Of these, the needs most frequently identified were in the categories of sexuality, 79.3 %, health perception, 68.2 % self concept, 62.5 %, and sleep and rest 62.5 %. Looking ut j he nursing diagnosis that were made for the 30 patients receiving home care, the following diagnoses were the most frequently given; alteration in sexual pattern 79.3%, alterations in health maintenance, 72.6%, alteration in comfort, 68.0%, depression, 64.0%, noncompliance with diet therapy, 6.3.7%, alteration in self concept, 55.6%, and alteration in sleep pattern, 53%. 2. In looking at the effects of home nursing care as demonstrated by changes in the functional categories over the three month period, it was Found that of the 11 functional categories, the need level for health perception, nutrition, activity and self concept decreased slightly over the three month period. On the average sleep patterns improved, but restfulness was slightly less and bowel elimination patterns improved but satisfaction with urinary elimination was slightly less. On the other hand, role enactment, sexuality, stress management and spirituality decreased slightly. The only results that were statistically significant at the 0.05 level were improvement. in digestion and decrease in pain. No statistically significant changes were found in ability related to ADL, the total ADL Score at discharge was $19.78{\pm}8.234, and after 3 months $19.01{\pm}8.12$. Considering that a majority of the patients were over 60 years of age and that many had brain or spinal cord injuries, the fact that their ADL ability did nor deteriorate after discharge can be interpreted as related to a positive impact by the home health care nurses. Similarly there was a slight be not statistically significant decrease in the quality of life scores between the two lest times(l47.83 at discharge and 113.02 at the three month period). Again, when the chronic nature of thee problems facing these patients is considered this maintenance of quality of life can be interpreted as a positive impact by the home health care nurses. 3. One of the home care nursing activities was diagnosis. For this activity it was found that for nine functional health categories(sexuality and spirituality excepted) there were 20 nursing diagnoses. The most frequent were noncompliance, alteration in skin integrity both actual and potential, and impaired physical mobility in that order. 4. Delivery of home health care by the home health nurses included the following nursing activities; assessment, patient education, demonstration of care activities, counselling, direct care to the patient and referrals. Direct care included changing dressings, bladder irrigations, changing Foley catheters, measurement of residual urine, perineal care, position change, back care, oral hygiene, exercise and massage of motion exercises, cleansing enemas, tracheostomy suctioning and tracheostomy care, care of dentures, applications of heat and other similar nursing activities. In conclusion almost 50% of (he sample indicated a need for continued nursing care at the time of discharge and for the patients in the sample who received home care there was a slight decrease in nursing needs but while the patients had chronic and debilitation problems there was ill decrease in ADL abilities or in quality of life. Further study needs Lo be done La increase the reliability and validity of the tool that was used to measure home health care needs. It is also recommended that study by done using a randomized sampling with a control group to compare patients who receive home care with those who do not.