• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 1995

A mucogingival grafting procedure has been developed to cover denuded root surfaces. The subepithelial connective tissue graft is composed of a free connective tissue graft and an overlying pedicle graft. The source of connective tissue graft were trap door approach and thining of a full thickness palatal flap. The purpose of this study was compare a two different connective tissue obtaining method. In this study, where palatal pocket was present, pocket elimination was performed, and the tissue normally discarded after thinning of the palatal flap was used as a grafting material. The results were as follows : 1. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for root coverage were $2.1{\pm}O.lmm$, $2.2{\pm}O.2mm$. 2. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for pocket depth change were $O.2{\pm}O.lmm$, $O.2{\pm}O.2mm$. 3. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for attachment gain were $2.1{\pm}O.2mm$, $2.4{\pm}O.2mm$. 4. The esthetics in recipient site, both color match and tissue contour, were acceptable to the patient in all cases. 5. Therefore, thinning procedure were similar to trap door approach in root coverage effect.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.757-779
• /
• 2004

The purpose of study is to provide efficient initial approaches for counseling in social work practice settings. First, it attempts to identify the correlation between the Myers-Brigg's Type Indicator(MBTI), a personality index based on the theory of psychological typology, and Personality Adaptation Types(PAT) models. Second, it attempts to develop a counseling method which can be applied to the initial interview, using the paradigm of door to therapy such as "Open Door", "Target Door", and "Trap Door" based on the PAT theory. The result of the quantitative study showed the correlation between MBTI and PAT as follows: MBTI Extrovert and Feeling(E, F) type was statistically correlated to hysterical PAT. MBTI Extrovert, Intuition and Perceiving(E, N, P) type was statistically correlated to Obsessive-Compulsive PAT. In conclusion, this study finds that when a clinical social worker approaches a client with the client's MBTI personality type and an interventional personality adaptation theory approach such as "Open Door", "Target Door", or "Trap Door", the efficiency of communication is increased significantly.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2010

Morphology and microstructure of the suction trap in aquatic Utricularia japonica were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Branched stems bear numerous suction traps without root formation. The traps are derived axillary from the node, and their antennae and appendages extend in a peculiar fashion. The trap walls are thin, two-celled, parenchyma tissue and simple, small glands are scattered in both internal and external surface of the trap. The entrance of the trap is surrounded by one pair of dorsal antennae and ventral appendages, where the former guides the prey to the entrance. Trap door is situated below the entrance and numerous sessile and stalked capitate trichomes cover the entrance and even on the door surface. The capitate trichomes are secretory, but four trigger hairs formed on the central areas of the door are not. They are believed to function in activating and tripping the trap door. A specialized region of the threshold come in contact with the lower portion of the door upon closing. The secretory capitate trichomes near this region are responsible for producing and secreting a mucilage-like substance which composes the velum. Two-armed bifid glands are located in the interior side of the threshold, while four-armed quadrifid glands are considerably numerous occurring over the entire inner trap wall. Bifid and quadrifid glands develop semi-spherical basal cells that connect them to the inner wall surface. Antennae, trigger hairs, capitate trichomes, bifid and quadrifid glands are more important structures in the carnivory of U. japonica.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2016

This study expanded Terzaghi arching formula, which assumed a vertical surface as a sliding surface, to consider an arbitrarily inclined surface as a sliding surface and examined the effect of a sliding surface. This study firstly developed a formula to expand the existing Terzaghi arching formula to consider an inclined surface as well as a vertical surface as a sliding surface under the downward movement of a trap door. Using the expanded formula, the effect of excavation, ground, and surcharge conditions on a vertical stress was examined and the results were compared with them from Terzaghi arching formula. The comparison indicated that the induced vertical stress was highly affected by the angle of an inclined sliding surface and the degree of influence depended on the excavation, ground, and surcharge conditions. It is expected that the results from this study would provide a better understanding of various arching phenomenon in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.645-647
• /
• 2015

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2002

In this study, the influence of the presence of discontinuity planes on the load transfer mechanism and the pattern of loosening zone was studied based on the laboratory test. The trap-door and the reaction plates are installed as the bottom plane of the model box. The vertical discontinuity plane is installed in the dry sand. Various overburden heights and locations of discontinuity planes are applied as major factors in this study. The results show that at higher overburden heights over about 1.5 times the excavation width, the ratio of the transferred stress to the insitu stress converges to a certain value even if the overburden height increases further. The results also show that the discontinuity plane gives relatively larger influence on the load transfer mechanism, that produces the unsymmetrical load concentration, when the discontinuity plane locates within the tunnel width. When the discontinuity plane locates outside the tunnel width, the unsymmetrical load concentration is reduced considerably.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2010

Gound excavation is frequently executed in unsaturated soil conditions. In this paper, the effect of apparent cohesion in unsaturated soils on the ground behavior during underground excavation is studied. The VPPE (Volumetric Pressure Plate Extractor) test, the unsaturated triaxial test and the trap-door test were carried out to figure out how the behavior of soils varies depending on the variation of apparent cohesion. The test results show that the ground behavior is almost identical if the soil is either fully dry or fully saturated. However, if the soil is partially-saturated with the increase of water content, the ground behaves quite differently. In summary, the apparent cohesion in unsaturated soils plays key roles when excavating underground structures.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2010

Utricularia forms small, but complex carnivorous trap along the stem either in water or in soil depending upon species. The shapes and sizes of the traps, appendages, and trichomes are known to differ among aquatic, terrestrial and epiphytic species. In the present study, the morphology and microstructure of the trap in aquatic Utricularia japonica and terrestrial U. livida were examined using light and electron microscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of trap features between the aquatic and terrestrial species. The trap was found to be comprised of a thin walled bladder with numerous capitate trichomes, two-armed bifid and four-armed quadrifid glands in both species; however, the traps of the two species were different in size, and number and morphology of the trichomes and glands. Aquatic Utricularia was chlorenchymatous with chloroplasts distributed throughout the body, whereas the terrestrial species was translucent without plastids due to an adaptation to underground habitats. Furthermore, the former differed considerably in that the traps developed antenna and appendages around the entrance area. A peculiar trap entrance was also noted in U. livida, which exhibited radiating rows of various trichomes within funnel-shaped tissue. A large number of glandular trichomes covered the entrance area and door surface with four trigger hairs each in the aquatic form but only two in the terrestrial form. The glandular trichomes near the door secreted a large amount of mucilage that temporarily composed the velum in the U. japonica, however, it was not observed in the terrestrial species. All of the aforementioned features were highly related in their structure and function during carnivorous mechanism in Utricularia. The current findings provide important data for further comparison of the different life forms within Utricularia.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 1995

We describe here a method of approaching the maxillary sinus using an osteoperiosteal flap. Like the Caldwell-Luc procedure, the method allows an easy access to the sinus and an adequate visualization. But in addition, it appears to have the advantages of preventing the ingrowth of soft tissue through the osseous defect into the sinus by replacing the bone trap door while promoting healing and retarding infection by preserving the blood supply to the door.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2004

This study is focused on finding out the mechanical behavior of pillars and the ground adjacent to the tunnel depending on the central tunnel size and the invert during the construction of 2 arch tunnels in the sandy ground. Model tests were performed in the trap door system, which was composed of 3 separately movable plates. Central pillar was installed on the central movable plate to measure the pillar loads during the excavation of pilot tunnel and the main tunnel. The load-transfer and the loosening load were measured at the bottom plates adjacent to the 2 arch tunnels. The ground settlement and displacement of the tunnel lining were also measured. As results, not only pillar load but also the load transfer mechanism was influenced by the construction sequences, central tunnel size, and the invert.