• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2003

본 연구는 해충에 대한 생물적 방제제로서 유용한 곤충병원성 선충의 효율적 검색과 in vitro에서의 대량 증식 가능성을 조사하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 토양으로부터 곤충병원성 선충의 검색을 위한 trap용 곤충으로는 꿀벌부채명나방보다 누에가 감수성이 높았다. 2. Sterinernema, Rhabditidae, Diplogastroidae과 계통의 선충은 꿀벌부채명나방 유충에서의 증식은 5만 마리 이하였으나, 누에 유충에서는 15만에서 35만 마리의 선충 증식이 일어났으며, 누에 번데기에서는 25만 마리 이상의 선충이 증식되었다. 누에 증식에 있어 누에 번데기를 사용했을 때가 가장 우수하였다. 3. Sterinernema, Rhabditidae, Diplogastroidae과 계통의 선충에 대한 증식률은 열풍건조 번데기의 흡수처리 후 배양 및 기타 천연물 인공배지에서 증식은 가능하였으나 살아있는 누에 유충보다는 증식률이 낮았다. 4. 이상의 결과로 토양으로부터 곤충병원성 선충을 분리하는데 누에를 이용한 trap이 매우 우수하였으며, 선충의 증식에 있어 누에 유충 및 번데기가 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2000

Bone marrow culture systems are widely used to differentiate osteoclast-like cells in vitro using several osteotropic hormones. In this study, we isolated and cultured the mouse bone marrow cells with or without some osteotropic hormones such as parathyroid hormone(PTH), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and $l,25(OH)_2-vitamin$ $D_3$(Vit. $D_3$). We confirmed the formation of osteoclast-like cells morphologically and functionally by the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) and by their capability to resorb dentin slices. We also studied the effects of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}(TGF-{\beta})$ and epidermal growth factor(EGF) on the Vit. $D_3-induced$ osteoclast-like cell formation. In control, a few multinucleated cells were formed whereas PTH and $PGE_2$ increased the number of multinucleated cells. PTH, $PGE_2$ and Vit. $D_3$ induced the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. After culture of mouse bone marrow cells on the dentin slices with or without osteotropic hormones, giant cells with diverse morphology were found on the dentin slices under the scanning electronmicroscopy. After removing the attached cells, resorption pits were identified on the dentin slices, and the shape of resorption pits was variable. EGF increased the osteoclast-like cell formation induced by Vit. $D_3$, however, $TGF-{\beta}$ showed biphasic effect, which at low concentration, increased and at high concentration, decreased the osteoclast-like cell formation induced by Vit. $D_3$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1992

Shikonin production was examined in a bubble column bioreactor system with the hairy roots of Lithosphermum erythrorhizon. The volumetric productivity was higher than those obtained from other reactor configurations with free or immobilized cells of the same cell line. The productivities of the bubble column reactor, with and without a product absorption trap, were 7.4 and 4.5 mg of shikonin/l/d, respectively. This indicated the importance of the product removal in the design and operation of the shikonin production system with hairy root culture.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.733-744
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• 2002

The fibroblasts are the principal cells in the periodontal ligament of peridontium. As the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) show similar phenotype with osteoblasts, the PDLF are thought to play an important role in alveolar bone remodeling. Cell-to-cell contacted signaling is crucial for osteoclast formation. Recently it has been reported that PDLJ enhance the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts differentiated from hematopoietic preosteoclasts. The aims of this study were to $clarify\;^{1)}$ the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis $and\;^{2)}$ whether we can use preosteoclast cell line instead of primary hematopoietic preosteoclast cells for studying the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastic differentiation of mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was compared with that of mouse bone marrow-derived M-CSF dependent cell (MDBM), a well-known hematopoietic preosteoclast model, by examining, 1) osteoclast-specific gene expression such as calcitonin receptor, M-CSF receptor (c-fms), cathepsin K, receptoractivator nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ,2) generation of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells (MNCs), and 3) generation of resorption pit on the $OAAS^{TM}$ plate. RAW264.7 cultured in the medium containing of soluble osteoclast differentiation Factor (sODF) showed similar phenotype with MDBM-derived osteoclasts, those are mRNA expression pattern of osteoclast-specific genes, TRAP(+) MNCs generation, and bone resorbing abivity. Formation of resorption pits by osteoclastic MNCs differentiated from sODF-treated RAW264.7, was completely blocked by the addition of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor for ODF, to the sODF-containing culture me야um. The effects of PDLF on differentiation of RAW264.7 into　the TRAP(+) multinucleated osteoclast-like cells were examined using coculture system. PDLF were fxed with paraformaldehyde, followed by coculture with RAW264.7, which induced formation of TRAP(+) MNCs in the absence of additional treatment of sODF. When compared with untreated and fixed PDLF (fPDLF), IL-1 ${\beta}$-treated, or lipopolysaccha-ride-treated and then fixed PDLF showed two-folld increase in the supporting activity of osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 coculture system. There were no TRAP(+) MNCs formation in coculture system of RAW264.7 with PDLF of no fixation. These findigs suggested that we can replace the primary hematopoietic preosteoclasts for RAW264. 7 cell line for studying the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis, and we hypothesize that PDLF control osteoclastogenesis through ODF expression which might be enhanced by inflammatory signals.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

The present study was performed to investigate whether Achyranthes Radix extracts play roles in the bone metabolism. Three kinds of Achyranthes Radix extracts (methylene chloride (MC), ethylacetate (Ea), and water (W)) were used for bioassay. We examined cellular activities of osteoblasts by measurement of cell proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcified nodule formation. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture of osteoclast precursor cells. There was a maximum 20% increase in proliferation rate of osteoblastic cells after treatment with MC. First and second subfraction of MC layer increased proliferation of osteoblast. Ea layer and second subfraction of MC layer increased ALP activity. Also MC layer and second subfraction of MC layer from Achyranthes Radix extracts increased the calcified nodule. MC layer and second subfraction of MC layer from Achyranthes Radix extracts significantly decreased in the number of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells. Taken together, Achyranthes Radix stimulates the proliferation and bioactivities of bone-forming osteoblasts, and inhibits activities of bone-resorbing osteoclasts.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.15.1-15.5
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• 2010

RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC) has collected, preserved, conducted quality control of, and distributed mouse resources since 2002 as the core facility of the National BioResource Project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Our mouse resources include over 5,000 strains such as humanized disease models, fluorescent reporters, and knockout mice. We have developed novel mouse strains such as tissue-specific Cre-drivers and optogenetic strains that are in high demand by the research community. We have removed all our specified pathogens from the deposited mice and used our quality control tests to examine their genetic modifications and backgrounds. RIKEN BRC is a founding member of the Federation of International Mouse Resources and the Asian Mouse Mutagenesis and Resource Association, and provides mouse resources to the one-stop International Mouse Strain Resource database. RIKEN BRC also participates in the International Gene Trap Consortium, having registered 713 gene-trap clones and their sequences in a public library, and is an advisory member of the CREATE (Coordination of resources for conditional expression of mutated mouse alleles) consortium which represents major European and international mouse database holders for the integration and dissemination of Cre-driver strains. RIKEN BRC provides training courses in the use of advanced technologies for the quality control and cryopreservation of mouse strains to promote the effective use of mouse resources worldwide.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. It has been reported that baicalin exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the underlying cellular mechanisms of baicalin action in preosteoclasts. The effects of this flavonoid on preosteoclasts were determined by measuring osteoclast generation and osteoclast activity in macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow cells (MDBMCs) and in co-cultures of MDBMCs and osteoblasts. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture. Osteoclast activity was assayed by measuring the area of the resorption pit after culture. We found that osteoclast generation was induced by M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and by the 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in our cultures. Baicalin decreased both osteoclast generation and activity in MDBM cultures and co-cultures indicating that it may inhibit bone resorption.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

This study analyzes and compares the roles and significance of large firms in economic growth by differentiating developmental stages. The focus is on both the role of big businesses on the road from middle- to high-income countries and the performance in their economies. By classifying the top 30 nonfinancial firms into their origin countries, we have constructed a country-level data basis covering 33 countries ranging from middle- to high-income economies for the 2001 to 2017 period. We conduct fixed effect estimation. Empirical results show that capital-intensive big businesses would be more predominant in developed economies. In terms of policy implications, the results suggest that if policymakers want to optimize the role of big businesses in economic growth, policymakers need to distinguish the income level. Policymakers also need to adjust the size distribution of firms moderately ahead of time to create the size distribution of firms needed to take the economy to the next level.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.715-722
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• 1995

Orthodontic tooth movement in response to orthodontic force results from actions of osteoclasts and osteeoblasts in the cell level. Convincing evidence has now been provided to support the view that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells that originate in the bone marrow or other hematopoietic organs and they migrate to the bones via vascular routes. Nitric oxide(NO), which accounts for the biological properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF), is the endogenous stimulator of soluble guanylate cylase. The discovery of the formation of nitric oxide(NO) from L-arginine in mammalian tissues and its biological roles has, in the last 7 years, thrown new light onto many areas of research. Data from experiments in vitro showed that N-metyl-L-arginine(L-NMA) and L-nitro-L- arginine(L-NAME) are competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. This study suggest that the multinucleated cells in our culture have characteristics of osteoclasts and that the potential bone cell activity of nitric oxide in vitro may be mediated in part by stimulation of marrow mononuclear cells to form osteoclast-like cells. Bone marrow cells were obtaineed from tibia of 19-days old chick embryo. After sacrifice, tibia was quickly dissected and the bone were then split to expose the medullary bone. The cells were attached for 4 hours and the nonadherent cells were collected. Marrow cells weere cultured in 96-well plate in medium 199. To examine the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells(MNCs), $10^{-8}\;M\;Vit=D_3$ and various concentration of L-NMA and L-NAME weere added at the beginning of cultures and with each medium change. After 7 days of culture. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was performed for microscopic evaluation. Cells haying more than three nuclei per cell were counted as MNCs. The obsrved results were as follows;1. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine $D_3$ stimulated the osteoclast-like multinucleated cells in cultures of chick embryo bone marrow. 2. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors(NOSI ; N-NMA, N-NAME) stimulated the osteoclast-like cells in cultures of chick embry bone marrow. 3. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine$D_3$ and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors did not appear to have additive effect on the generation of TRAP-positive MNCs. These results suggest that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may stimulate the osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation and fusion in cultures of chick bone marrow.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2000

토마토를 가해하는 아메리카잎굴파리의 발생과 가해양상 그리고 살충제처리에 의한 아메리카잎굴파리의 방제가 토마토 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1997년부터 1998년까지 전남지방의 플라스틱하우스를 중심으로 연구하였다. 봄 재배에서 황색끈끈이트랩과 sweeping에 의한 조사 결과는 5월 하순부터 밀도가 급격히 증가하였으며 sweeping 보다는 끈끈이트랩 조사에 의한 밀도변동이 뚜렷하였다. 피해엽율은 5년 이상 계속하여 토마토를 재배한 포장에서는 년중 피해엽을 확인할 수 있었으며, 4월 상순 이전에는 20%이하, 중순 30%, 하순 40%, 5월 상순에 60%, 하순이후에는 80%수준이었다. 반면 처녀재배지에서는 정식후 6주째부터 피해엽이 나타나기 시작하였으며 피해엽율은 80%수준으로 급격히 높아졌다. 가을재배에서는 재배연수에 관계없이 정식때부터 피해엽율이 80%수준을 유지하였다. 성충과 유충의 발생소장은 봄재배의 경우 5월하순부터 성충이 유인되었고 6월하순에 포회량이 가장 많았으나 종령유충은 발생초기부터 주당 $6{\sim}8$마리로 수확기까지 거의 비슷한 밀도 수준을 유지하였다. 가을재배의 경우 정식직후부터 3주째까지는 성충과 유충의 밀도가 높게 유지되었으나 4주째인 9월상순부터는 밀도가 급격히 떨어졌다. 살충제처리에 의한 방제 효과는 클로르페나피르 유제, 싸이로마진 수화제, 아바멕틴 유제가 아메리카잎굴파리의 유충의 밀도를 효과적으로 억제시킬 수 있었다.