• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.21-33
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• 1994

The grade is a very significant factor in designing the bikeways. It affects the cyclist's maneuverability as well as route selection. The objective of this paper is to provide the vertical length by grade for bikeway. Field experiments were conducted by primary school children and university students to collect and analyze bike's climbing capability by grade. Combined data suggests that the desirable vertical length is 360m for 3% grade, 220m for 4%, 160m for 5%, 120m for 6% and 90m for 7% grade.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-58
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• 1995

This paper discusses some of the results of investigation of railroad-highway grade crossing accidents and accident-related inventory information that was collected from the Pusan District Office of the Korean National Railroads. Established statistical techniques were applied to tabulated data to obtain an accident prediction equation that estimates the expected probability of accidents at each crossing under various grade crossing situations. It was found that the most significant factor that influences the railroad crossing accidents was flagger. The other factors were train and traffic volumes, number of tracks. crossing angle, maximum timetable train speed, algebraic grade difference, and lighting facility. No significant effects was identified with railroad crossing gates. The results of the analysis and the uses of the prediction equation for the development of warrants for safety improvements are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of transportation distance (short: less than 40 km; intermediate: 70~80 km; long: 140~150 km) on quality of whole chicken and chicken meat cuts. In whole chicken, $1^+$ grade chicken incidence after transportation of short, intermediate, and long distance transportation was 61.3, 56.3, and 43.8%, respectively. Bruise was not shown in breast and thigh, while wings with bruise after short and long distance transportation were 16.7% and 27.3%, respectively. For chicken meat cuts, $1^+$ grade chicken breast incidence after short distance transportation was 14% higher than that after long distance transportation. Bruised chicken breast after short and long distance transportation were 10 and 12%. Pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) chicken breast incidence after long distance transportation was higher (18.3%) than that after short distance transportation (7.0%). Chicken thigh cuts with $1^+$ grade after short and long distance transportation were shown 91.2% and 88.3%, respectively. Also, chicken wing cuts showed similar result to chicken thigh cuts' and $1^+$ grade incidence of chicken wings after short distance transportation was 11% higher than that of after long distance transportation. These results suggest that shorter transportation distance from farm to slaughter house result in high grade whole chicken and chicken meat cuts.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

In order to transport spent resin in a high integrated container made of high density polyethylene, a method for determining transportation grade by radioactivity analysis was developed. Ratios of radioisotopes in spent resin were derived from radioactivity analysis on spent resin. Associated curie-to-dose factors were determined to estimate radioisotope inventory from surface dose rates of spent resin. From the results, Activity limit of type A package was derived to be 1.19 TBq for HIC, and the corresponding surface dose rate was found to be 124.2 mSv/h.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to develop air transportation cultural index which is able to estimate the level of them. Generally Speaking, air transportation cultural, a compound word of 'air transportation' and 'culture', is a substantial entity consisting knowledge, art, morality, legality, cultivation, customs, and etc, which comes from aircraft operation sector, airport operation/management sector and user sector. They are classified in a primary scope, as aircraft operation sector relating to flight operation, airport operation/management sector and user sector. The research and analysis were taken approximately 4 months, from June 2004 to October 2004. To evaluate the index, the detailed item for three categories were chosen and quantified. The grades for each items were induced from calculation formula for air transportation cultural index by applying weight values. The final grade of Korea's air transportation cultural index recorded 63.19 points.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was intended to investigate the effect on the body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students by implementing the complexed exercise program. Method: As subjects of the study, the dormitory-type middle school students in Chungbuk, divided into 2 grade experimental group(N=46), 3 grade control group(N=49). Group-specific arbitration method, was applied to complexed exercise program (experimental group) and running group (control group). Each training courses 30 minutes 5times weekly, examined the changes in body composition to examine a total of 6-week course effectively. Result: The results were compared with change of Height, Muscle mass, Fat mass, Lean body mass and BMI. Experimental group were significant(p<.05) compared to the control group. Height, Weight, Muscle mass, Fat mass, and BMI of control group wasn't significant(p>.05). Also there were significant difference(p<.05) between groups on Height, Muscle mass, Fat mass and Lean body mass post-test measure. Conclusion: Looking in total from the above results, it is suggested that it is possible to complexed exercise program 6 weeks improves body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students. Therefore, it is possible that the application of complexed exercise program is to effective in improvement of body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students.

• 도로교통
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• s.105
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• pp.62-73
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

This paper discusses the necessity, strategy and objectives of the rail transportation recently developed in Shanghai. The objective should not be regarded just as a term project, but should be taken as an urgent mission with the 21st century, Shanghai should possess a network of about 100km of rail transport lines. To this end, the following measures are suggested : grade separation of all lines on elevated structures ; developing the rail car industries ; full utilization of all available transportation facilities ; optimizing the use of the space resources of highways ; bringing into play the initiatives of all parties concerned. Recently, it has become a popular consensus that the development of high-speed, safe, punctual, comfortable, non-pollution rail transport with large capacity is the best and only solution to Shanghai urban transportation. In this respect, this dissertation deals with the development strategy for current Shanghai rail construction, together with the infractructure in Shanghai, positioning the developing target; meanwhile, some proposals and solutions to hit this target will be put forward for the reference of leaders and experts.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2024

This study investigated the impact of vehicle grade operation restrictions in green transportation areas on the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) year by year. The results indicate that these restrictions positively affected the reduction of PM2.5 levels. The green transportation area policy reduced vehicle emissions and encouraged the use of public and eco-friendly transportation, thereby improving air quality. A notable outcome was the decrease in PM2.5 concentrations, which is expected to positively impact the health of residents in urban areas. The study considered various factors and variables related to the effectiveness of the vehicle grade operation restrictions policy. It was determined that there is a need to discuss the implementation methods of the policy, regional characteristics, and other environmental factors. These findings provide important implications for managing fine particulate matter and urban planning, suggesting that reference materials and ongoing research will be necessary considering future urban sustainability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-24
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• 1992

This research presets the method of determining basic capacity of signalized intersection using the concept of ideal saturation flow rate. Vehicle discharge rates during green time were collected and studied as part of the preparation of Korean Highway Capacity Manual. From the result of this study the ideal saturation flow rate and saturation queue position were determined. In addition, based on the ideal saturation flow rate two geometric adjustment factors(lane width and grade adjustment factors) were studied. The results were presented in this paper.