• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to develop the new vehicle classification algorithm and minimize classification errors. The existing vehicle classification algorithm collects data from loop and piezo sensors according to the specification("Vehicle classification guide for traffic volume survey" 2006) given by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The new vehicle classification system collects the vehicle length, distance between axles, axle type, wheel-base and tire type to minimize classification error. The main difference of new system is the "Wandering" sensor which is capable of measuring the wheel-base and tire type(single or dual). The wandering sensor obtains the wheel-base and tire type by detecting both left and right tire imprint. Verification tests were completed with the total traffic volume of 762,420 vehicles in a month for the new vehicle classification algorithm. Among them, 47 vehicles(0.006%) were not classified within 12 vehicle types. This results proves very high level of classification accuracy for the new system. Using the new vehicle classification algorithm will improve the accuracy and it can be broadly applicable to the road planning, design, and management. It can also upgrade the level of traffic research for the road and transportation infrastructure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

The Grenpell tower fire in England in June of 2016 is a representative example of damage caused by a vertical fire spreading through external insulation. Organic insulation materials, which are widely used in external insulation, have the disadvantage that they have good insulation performance but are vulnerable to fire. Aluminum composite panels are used as exterior wall finishing materials, and plastics used in aluminum are regarded as the cause of vertical fire spread. Due to the steel frame used to secure the aluminum composite panel to the outer wall, a cavity is formed between the outer wall and outer wall finish. When a fire occurs on the outer wall, the flammable outer wall as well as the flame generated from the heat-insulating material spreads vertically through the cavity, resulting in damage to people and property. In Korea, material unit performance tests are carried out by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport notice 2015 - 744. However, in the UK, the BS 8414 test is used to measure the vertical fire spreading time on the outer wall in real scale fire tests. In this study, the risk of external wall fire was evaluated in an actual fire by conducting a real scale wall fire test (BS 8414), which was carried out in Europe, using aluminum composite panels of semi-noncombustible materials suitable for current domestic standards. The purpose of this study was to confirm the limitations of material unit evaluation of finishing materials and to confirm the necessity of introducing a system to prevent the spread of outer wall fire through an actual scale fire test.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2016

Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering evapotranspiration and precipitation is generally used to quantify the drought severity. Also, Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) has been frequently used in the arid regions which is suffering severe droughts, but drought analysis in association with RDI has been the focus of few studies in South Korea. Therefore, this study compared two meterological drought indices based on precipitation and evapotranspiration using Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, and Blaney-Criddle evaportranspiration calculation methods. Meteorological data of sixteen weather stations which are operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) were used to quantify drought and to compare characteristics of drought for the Han River Basin from 1992 to 2015. As a result, in case of Han River Basin, severe drought sharply increased in recent years. While the correlation coefficients are relatively high between the SPEIs and RDIs, the drought severity and year of severe drought are partially different. Therefore, it is necessary that RDI will be also measured to quantify severity and occurrence year of drought.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.464-476
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of tollbooth workers to diesel particulate matter using black carbon (BC) and to find the correlations among variables associated with BC using the motor vehicle management act regulated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Methods: This study was performed over 14 days at a university in Seoul. BC levels were monitored using an aethalometer and were conducted around the breathing zones of the workers. There were three sampling locations: inside the tollbooth (front gate and rear gate) and an office as a control group. T-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Results: The geometric mean (GM) of BC_30min concentrations in the exposure group was 2.44 ㎍/㎥, approximately 1.4 times higher than the control group (1.75 ㎍/㎥). The GM of BC_30min concentrations was 2.75 ㎍/㎥ during the heavy traffic time (9-10 am) and 2.30 ㎍/㎥ during non-heavy traffic times (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the number of all types of vehicles and PM_2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere were factors increasing the GM of BC(ln(BC_30min)) concentrations (adjusted R²=0.42, p<0.001). The workers were constantly exposed to low concentrations (GM of BC_30min=2.44 ㎍/㎥), but they were exposed to peak concentrations instantly (BC_10sec=3545.04 ㎍/㎥). When the GM of BC_30min concentrations was momentarily represented as high, it was identified that a vehicle mainly using diesel fuel or an aging vehicle had passed. Conclusions: A ventilation system should be installed in the closed tollbooth or aging vehicles should be controlled so as not to pass tollbooths.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2011

On September 2007, numerous slopes at Jeonranam-Do collapsed as a result of rainfall related to Typhoon Nari. Failure occurred at a road cut-slope on the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ detour road, damaging transport infrastructure. This study aims to determine the cause of failure based on field investigations, the geotechnical properties of soil, clay mineral composition, and quantitative analysis. The studied cut slope consists of weathered soil that originated from volcanic rocks, and minor faults and a mafic dyke. Surface water tends to seep into the soil because the roadway is not sealed and because of poorly installed drainage. Sieve and XRD analyses indicate that soils in the failure zone are ML and CH, which are prone to swelling due to the presence of clay minerals such as smectite and vermiculite. The slope failed due to the improper construction of drainage facilities, the presence of geological weak zones, and high soil contents of swelling clay.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.431-444
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• 2017

This study was carried out to review the guidelines being used by law and national policy concerned on river environments management and suggest the applicability of newly developed river environment assessment system. In the current legal system, the national river environment management system is insufficient in securing an independent status in the legal institutional system which is separated to the Ministry of Land, Transport and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Environment. And the river environment assessment system of the national standard, which is a core matter, has not been established yet. In particular, there is a lack of integrated approach between the upper and lower plan or related plans on water resources, water quality, river environment and aquatic ecosystem management. In addition, the consistency and effectiveness as the process of planning and design according to the current status and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the river environment were not secured either. To integrate national river environment management system and improve efficiency, I proposed the establishment of hierarchy and connection between national river plans, and the adoption and application of developed assessment system based on characteristics of river environment in Korea. Finally, I proposed the separated application with dividing the developed assessment system including the naturalness of river environment and suitability of water friendly activity into both assessment method for management plan of water resources of river basins & basic river plan respectively.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Utilizing sequence control and numerical computing, embedded devices are used in a variety of automated systems, including those at industrial sites, in accordance with their control program. Since embedded devices are used as a control system in corporate industrial complexes, nuclear power plants and public transport infrastructure nowadays, deliberate attacks on them can cause significant economic and social damages. Most attacks aimed at embedded devices are data-coded, code-modulated, and control-programmed. The control programs for industry-automated embedded devices are designed to represent circuit structures, unlike common programming languages, and most industrial automation control programs are designed with a graphical language, LAD, which is difficult to process static analysis. Because of these characteristics, the vulnerability analysis and security related studies for industry automation control programs have only progressed up to the formal verification, real-time monitoring levels. Furthermore, the static analysis of industrial automation control programs, which can detect vulnerabilities in advance and prepare for attacks, stays poorly researched. Therefore, this study suggests a method to present a discussion on an industry automation control program designed to represent the circuit structure to increase the efficiency of static analysis of embedded industrial automation programs. It also proposes a medium term translation technology exploiting LLVM IR to comprehensively analyze the industrial automation control programs of various manufacturers. By using LLVM IR, it is possible to perform integrated analysis on dynamic analysis. In this study, a prototype program that converts to a logical expression type of medium language was developed with regards to the S company's control program in order to verify our method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Recently, a great number of natural disasters have more frequently happened than the past. The National Emergency Management Agency of Korea has made preparation for the integrated management system of steep slope lands. There is information based on the steep slope inspection sheets and the underground spatial information related to the prevention against steep slope disasters. Nevertheless, building a complete DB System to prevent the hazards and secure the safeties should be urgently dealt with. It is mainly because the information of the National Disaster Management System is restricted to the text-based brief data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the method as to building steep slope DB system for disaster prevention and maximizing the availabilities. This study shows the way of building a web-based DB system having its root in the steep slope inspection sheets. The method of establishing the ideal DB system that has liaisons between the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the National Emergency Management Agency is discussed in this study. Furthermore the optimization of DB utilization will assist the various integrated steep slope management systems based on U-IT which are ongoing projects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.723-732
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• 2017

As the development of ICT technology, in order to solve the problem of scattered water information's availability, WINS(Water management Information Networking System) by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport was established and has been operated since 2004. However, there has been a disadvantage of providing specialized and limited information to the water resources sector mainly and a lack of active sharing of information because of no compulsory provision of information sharing between participants. In order to solve these problems, this paper carried out system development study, to do this, the status of domestic water information was surveyed and domestic and overseas related systems were compared and analyzed. The latest ICT technology was used to realize the contents as screen, and the user interface definition was created to present a role model of integrated water management through maximizing visualization by combining GIS and realtime data and providing space-time integrated information. These prior studies reached to actual construction of the ICT-based integrated management system for water information by K-water. This system is in service to the public installed in the water information portal, "MyWater".

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.332-342
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• 2012

The current research aims at classifying the bus stops as transfer center in order to establish the rational bus transfer systems. Existing research typically identifies characteristics of demands for bus stops and land use surrounding the bus stops and classifies and profiles the bus stops. A common problem with this type of research is that the results with cross-sectional characteristics of land use and bus stop usage do not capture the details of trip chain, the fundamental characteristics of the trips with transfer. This paper therefore examines bus stop classifications with such variables as transport mode chains, intermediate stop chains and timing chains. The analysis on the data collected on Monday 20 April 2009 for passengers of Gyeong-gi bus results in a clear classification among bus stops in terms of such trip chain variables. The research would provide useful information for the decision support of transfer stops location choice and infrastructure design.