• Title/Summary/Keyword: Transplanting rice

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The Quality and Yield of Early Maturing Rice Varieties affected by Cultural Practices in Gangwon Plain Region (강원 평야지 조생종 벼 재배방법에 따른 쌀 수량 및 품질특성)

  • Lee, An-Soo;Cho, Youn-Sang;Kim, In-Jong;Ham, Jin-Kwan;Jang, Jin-Seon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.233-237
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    • 2012
  • The yield of Unkwangbyeo transplanted on May 10 was 596kg/10a in 2010. The rice yield decreased with delaying transplanting date. The head rice rate was 91.9% when transplanted in June 10, and the rate decreased as the transplanting got earlier. In 2011, the yield increased by 5~8% when transplanted on June 10 because of the increase of Ripened grain ratio and 1,000 grain weight. The yield, when transplanted in the distance of $30{\times}13cm$ with 5 plants, was higher than the other treatments. The yield of Oraebyeo, transplanted on June 10, decreased by 6% compared with transplanting on May 25, while the yield, transplanted in the distance of $30{\times}13cm$ with 5 plants, increased by 5% because of the increase in the number/$m^2$ of panicle and grain. The head rice rates of the two varieties increased by 5~7% and the Toyo palatability appeared to get improved when transplanted on June 10 possibly because of the effect of low ripening temperature by 0.9~$1.6^{\circ}C$ with delaying heading date from 9 to 12 days.

Occurrence and Growth of Grass and Sedge Weeds in Paddy Fields with Different Transplanting Dates (벼 이앙시기에 따른 화본과와 사초과 잡초의 발생 및 생육 차이)

  • Kim, Hyung-Gon;Shim, Sang-In
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.59-71
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    • 2016
  • The occurrence and growth of grass and sedge weed species were investigated in the transplanted rice fields that have different transplanting dates from Apr. 30 to Jun 19 with 10-day interval. The growth and yield of rice plant grown without weed control examined in each plot that has different transplanting dates. Both grass and sedge weeds showed greater plant numbers in the early transplanted plots(Apr. 30 and May 10) than late transplanted plots. Based on the occurring number and dry weight of weeds, the experimental plots were classified into two groups, early group and late group. Weed occurrence and growth were not dramatically different within a group even the occurrence was enhanced as delayed transplanting. Echinochloa spp. that was the most problematic weed showed higher dry weight in early-transplanted field until July, however, the greater dry weight was observed in the late-transplanted plots after August. Sedge weeds including Eleocharis kuroguwai and Scirpus juincoides showed persistently higher value of dry weight in early-transplanted plots than late plots over the experimental period. As the puddling was conducted earlier, emergences of grass and sedge weeds were occurred early and weed growth rate became greater. Therefore, growth and yield of rice that transplanted early decreased more strongly due to the strong suppression by grass and sedge weeds showing the enhanced weed growth rates in early-transplanted plots. Based on the weed growth rate, the adverse effects of grass weeds was maintained for longer period than sedge weeds that showed higher growth rates before heading date of rice plant.

Changes of Soil Redox Potential, Weed Control and Rice Growth in Paddy on Paper Mulching Transplanting by Organic Matter Application (종이멀칭 이앙재배 시 유기물원에 따른 토양산화환원전위, 잡초방제 및 벼 생육특성 변화)

  • Jeon, Weon-Tai;Yang, Won-Ha;Roh, Sug-Won;Kim, Min-Tae;Seong, Ki-Yeong;Lee, Jong-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.495-500
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    • 2007
  • Recently we are interest in organic farming of rice. The technology of paper mulching was practised without herbicide in machine transplanting cultivation of paddy. A field experiment was conducted in Gangseo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluventic Eutrochrepts) at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea in 2004. This experiment was carried out to evaluate soil redox potential, weed control and rice growth by the different organic matter in paper mulching transplanting. Compost, rice straw and soiling rye were incorporated as organic matter. The nitrogen amount of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) plot was 80% compared with nitrogen amount ($110kg\;ha^{-1}$) of conventional fertilization. Mulching paper consisted of recycled paper which was coated with biodegradable plastics. There were no difference between conventional rice transplanting and paper mulching on missing hills after organic matter application. Weed control were the highest at added soiling rye plot. The redox potential of soil was the lowest in rice straw + CRF 80% plot at tillering stage. The $NH_4{^+}-N$ in soil was the highest at soiling rye + CRF 80% tillering stage. There was no difference in yield between soiling rye + CRF 80%, compost + CRF 80% and conventional fertilization plot.

Effect of rice bran and its mixture with pine leaves on efficacy of weed control and growth and yield of rice in paddy fields (논에서 솔잎과 쌀겨의 혼합처리가 잡초방제 및 벼 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang Ill;Park, Kee Woong;Won, OK Jae;Park, Su Hyuk;Eom, Min Yong;Hwang, Ki Seon;Kim, Young Tae;Pyon, Jong Yeong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2015
  • Combined applications of rice bran with pine leaves were tested to examine the inhibitory effects to paddy weeds and increased yield of rice for developing techniques of environment-friendly weed management in paddy rice fields. Weed control efficacy at 60 days after treatment was improved to 88.8% by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves, while weed control efficacy by single application of rice bran showed 67.5%. The other weed control efficacy combined with chestnut leaves and barley straws were 76.3% and 69.9% respectively. Combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was more effective to broadleaf weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis. Weed control efficacy by combined application with pine leaves was 100% until 70 days after rice transplanting and maintained weed control effect up to 90 days after transplanting. Rice yield by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was 526 kg/10 a, which was higher yield than by combined application with barley straws, single application of rice bran, natural snail application and hand weeding.

Effect of Ceramics on Growth of Rice Seedlings for Machine Transplanting (벼 기계이앙용 상자묘 생육에 미치는 세라믹 분말의 효과)

  • 이철원;한충수;손석용
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.141-145
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    • 1997
  • The long wave infrared which is ranged to 4~1, 000 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ is a kind of electromagnetic wave, and the wave is being absorbed by higher plant easily. The absorbed wave in the plant promotes the metabolism of plant cell by way of resonance with the water molecules of plant cell. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of long wave infrared radiation ceramic on growth of rice seedling, and to make the optimum mixture rate of ceramic powder when ceramics was mixed with bed soil at 4, 8, 12, 16% levels for machine transplanting. The results of this study indicate that the growth of the seedling significantly higher in the treatment sites than that of control sites. However, there was no significant differences in dry matter weight between the treatment and control sites. At the 9.6% mixing ratio, the highest growth of rice seedling was found.

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Farm-level Assessment of Rice Direct-Seeding Practices in Chonbuk Province

  • Dong Kyun;Song Joong;Jung Keun
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.335-338
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    • 2000
  • The technology of direct-seeding in rice cultivation is an innovation mainly induced by factors in market economy and is rapidly diffused among individual farmhouses. Because the effect of technology can be affected by many factors under various farming circumstances, the impact and stability of the direct-seeding technology compared with transplanting was analyzed under various topographical regions. Yield in direct-seeding was higher in plains, although the farm size producing higher yield was quite different depending on the topographical regions. In the direct-seeding cultivation of rice, man-labor hours was reduced by about 38 percent and the reduction rate showed little difference among topographical regions. Fertilizer was used about 11 percent more but the increase rate varied from 3 to 17 percent depending on regions with higher rates in plains. Application of agricultural chemicals was also increased about 9 percent in direct-seeding, but the increase rate was as high as 12 percent in suburbs. More fertilizer and agricultural chemicals were used in direct-seeding cultivation by farmhouses implementing both direct-seeding and transplanting than by those implementing direct-seeding only. Use of more fertilizers and agricultural chemicals in direct-seeding in all regions may indicate its technical instability. Major problems causing the technical instability of direct-seeding cultivation should be solved by comprehensive research considering various farming circumstances such as topographical features rather than just a top-down style research and extension.

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Growth and Dry Matter Production of Direct Seeding on Flooded Paddy Surface and Machine Transplanting Rice (담수표면산파와 기계이앙재배 벼의 생육 및 건물 생산)

  • 송영주;송은주;나종성
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.459-465
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    • 1997
  • This experiment was conducted to compare the change of growth and canopy photosynthesis between transplanting and direct seeding on paddy surface in rice. Total tiller number by the early vegetative growth stage was significantly higher in the direct seeding flooded paddy surface, while it was reversed from later vegetative growth stage in terms of tillering ability per unit period. But total panicle number was higher in direct seeding on paddy surface. Leaf area index, nitrogen content in leaf blade and canopy photosynthetic ability at later vegetative growth stage were lower in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface than transplanting. Biological yield at harvest stge, leaf area index and conopy photosynthetic activity at heading stage were gradually increasing according to nitrogen level increased both transplanting and direct seeding on paddy surface. Leaf area index, canopy photosynthetic activity, however, were lower in direct seeding on paddy surface than transplanting in the same nitrogen level. Nitrogen content per unit leaf area was high in transplanting.

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Effect of the Transplanting Date and Seeding Age on the Flowering and Grain Yield of Rice under Mechanical Transplanting (수도(水稻)의 기계이앙시기(機械移秧時期)와 묘령(苗令)이 출수(出穗) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Choi, Chang Yeol;Ahn, Su Bong;Park, Jong Seong;Choe, Bong Ho
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 1982
  • The study was done to determine the proper transplanting dates and seedling ages of rice when mechanical transplanting was attempted. Heading dates of the Milyang #23, developed from Tong-il rice was delayed by delayed transplanting and the percent of filling grain was also low. The proper heading dates for the variety should be the first part of August and the transplanting should be done by the end of May. The presumed last days for the transplantation was considered early part of June. 30 to 40 days old seedlings were very effective to have healthy rooting systems. However, the Milyang #15 had shown more tolerance to the late transplantation than Milyang #23 and the degree of delaying heading dates due to the delayed transplantation was rather smaller than that of the Milyang #23. Even when the Milyang #15 was transplanted on June 30, the heading dates were around the middle of August and the ripening percentage was comparatively high and yield was also high. Therefore, the proper heading dates of the Milyang #15 might be around the middle of August and transplanting dates should be the first part of June. The possible last dates of transplantation of the Milyang #15 was assumed to be the last days of June and the proper seedling ages would be 20 to 30 day after sowing.

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Studies on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Flag Leaf and Chaff of Rice Plant in Cold Injury Location II. Influence of Different Transplanting Date on Nutrient Uptake of Flag Leaf and Chaff of Rice Plant (냉해지대의 수도생육과 임,불임 인각의 양분흡수에 관한 연구 제2보 재배시기 이동이 수도지엽과 인각의 양분흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Y.J.;Choi, S.I.;Ra, J.S.;Lee, J.H.
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.206-217
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    • 1982
  • This experiment was conducted to study about nutrient absorption of flag leaf and chaff of rice plant different transplanting date with elevations. Heading stage was delayed by destructive cold temperature or late transplanting. Plant analyses revealed that above poor plants also had higher total nitrogen content, but ower silicate in the flag leaf and sterile chaff. Total nitrogen and silica contents to accumulated in flag leaf between yield was significant high correlation. The chaff of late transplanting and sterility was high total nitrogen. Relationship between silicate absorption and total nitrogen of chaff was significant high correlation. Ripening temperature after heading stage was influenced total nitrogen of chaff. Phosphate, potassium, calssium and silicate contents of chaff increased hight ripening temperature but total nitrogen decreased. Therefore, inorganic element contents of chaff was closely connected with grain sterility.

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A Study on Transition of Rice Culture Practices During Chosun Dynasty Through Old References IX. Intergrated Discussion on Rice (주요(主要) 고농서(古農書)를 통(通)한 조선시대(朝鮮時代)의 도작기술(稻作技術) 전개(展開) 과정(過程) 연구(硏究) - IX. 도작기술(稻作技術)에 대(對)한 종합고찰(綜合考察))

  • Guh, J.O.;Lee, S.K.;Lee, E.W.;Lee, H.S.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 1992
  • From the beginning of the chosun dynasty, an agriculture-first policy was imposed by being written farming books, for instance, Nongsajiksul, matched with real conditions of local agriculture, which provided the grounds of new, intensive farming technologies. This farming book was the collection of good fanning technologies that were experienced in rural farm areas at that time. According to Nongsajiksul, rice culture systems were divided into "Musarmi"(Water-Seeded rice), /"Kunsarmi"(dry-seeded rice), /transplanted rice and mountainous rice (upland rice) culture. The characteristics of these rice cultures with high technologies were based of scientific weeding methods, improved fertilization, and cultivation works using cattle power and manpower tools systematically. Reclamation of coastal swampy and barren land was possible in virtue of fire cultivation farming(火耕) and a weeding tool called "Yoonmok"(輪木). Also, there was an improved hoe to do weeding works as well as thinning and heaping-up of soil at seeding stages of rice. Direct-seeded rice culture in flat paddy fields were expanded by constructing the irrigation reservoirs and ponds, and the valley paddy fields was reclaimed by constructing "Boh(洑)". These were possible due to weed control by irrigation waters, keeping soil fertility by inorganic fertilization during irrigation, and increased productivity of rice fields by supplying good physiological conditions for rice. Also, labor-saving culture of rice was feasible by transplanting but in national-wide, rice should not basically be transplanted because of the restriction of water use. Thus, direct-seeded rice in dry soils was established, in which rice was direct-seeded and grown in dry soils by seedling stages and was grown in flooded fields when rained, as in the book "Nongsajiksul". During the middle of the dynasty(AD 1495-1725), the excellent labor-saving farmings include check-rowing transplanting because of weeding efficiency and availability in rice("Hanjongrok"), and, nurserybed techniques (early transplanting of rice) were emphasized on the basis of rice transplanting ["Nongajibsung"]. The techniques for deep plowing with cattle powers and for putting more fertilizers were to improve the productivity of labor and land, The matters advanced in "Sanlimkyungje" more than in "Nongajibsung" were, development of "drybed of rice nursery stock", like "upland rice nursery" today, transplanting, establishment of "winter barly on drained paddy field, and improvement of labor and land-productivity in rice". This resulted in the community of large-scale farming by changing the pattern of small-farming into the production system of rice management. Woo-hayoung(1741-1812) in his book "Chonilrok" tried to reform from large-scale farmings into intensive farmings, of which as eminent view was to divide the land use into transplanting (paddy) and groove-seeding methods(dry field). Especially as insisted by Seo-yugo ("Sanlimkyungjeji"), the advantages of transplanting were curtailment of weeding labors, good growth of rice because of soil fertility of both nurserybed and paddy field, and newly active growth because rice plants were pulled out and replanted. Of course, there were reestimation of transplanting, limitation of two croppings a year, restriction of "paddy-upland alternation", and a ban for large-scale farming. At that period, Lee-jiyum had written on rice farming technologies in dry upland with consider of the land, water physiology of rice, and convenience for weeding, and it was a creative cropping system to secure the farm income most safely. As a integrated considerations, the followings must be introduced to practice the improved farming methods ; namely, improvement of farming tools, putting more fertilizers, introduction of cultural technologies more rational and efficient, management of labor power, improvement of cropping system to enhance use of irrigation water and land, introduction of new crops and new varieties.

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