• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.157-181
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• 2011

The term of defense procurement is used indifferently from defence acquisition. It consists of two sectors : domestic defense procurement and foreign defense procurement. For efficient and transparent defense procurement, Defence Acquisition Program Law in Korea suggests some principles including the purchase of domestically manufactured munitions in the first instance, and the Defense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA)'s direct procurement of munitions, etc. By reviewing the characteristics, process, current situation and model contracts of defense procurement, it is found that domestic procurement contracts only propose the legal approach instead of arbitration and foreign procurement contracts suggest confusedly both the legal approach and arbitration for amicable disputes settlement. Therefore, it is quite recommended for arbitration organizations such as the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB), the Korean Arbitrators Association(KAA), and the Korean Association of Arbitration Studies(KAAS) to foster a variety of strong awareness campaign, education and consulting programs, etc. for the popular use of arbitration clause. It will contribute to settle any disputes and controversies between the parties more speedy, economically and rationally, thereby reducing the costs, time and pains for solving them.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

The global financial crisis in 2008 eroded trust towards the banking industry overall. To make such institutions more transparent, the International Accounting Standard Board developed the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9). After the announcement of IFRS 9, academic research has primarily focused on examining the stability of banks due to early loan-loss recognition guidelines under the new system. There appears to be a lack of understanding of how IFRS 9 has influenced institutional depositors' opinions of bank trustworthiness. Hence the goal of this study is to determine how the adoption of IFRS 9 by banks has impacted perceptions of transparency, trust, and skepticism, from the perspective of large institutional depositors. This research was conducted in the context of Malaysian banks that follow the IFRS 9 guidelines. A framework is proposed using the signaling theory, leading to the development of a set of hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested with data collected from 654 financial analysts working in Malaysian companies that are large institutional depositors. The results indicate that the adoption of IFRS 9 has led to higher levels of perceptions of bank transparency and trust, and lower levels of skepticism towards such banks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.189-199
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• 2021

This study attempts to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and earnings management practices in the context of Saudi Arabia after mandatory IFRS adoption. It is carried out on an unbalanced panel of 277 observations over the period 2017-2019. For this purpose, CSR disclosure is measured by Bloomberg ESG scores, while the residuals from the modified Jones model are considered for earnings management. As control variables, we have retained the firm performance, market-to-book ratio, firm size, financial leverage, board independence, ownership concentration, managerial ownership, and lagged discretionary accruals. Using the system GMM estimator in the dynamic panel, the results show a positive association between CSR disclosure and earnings management practices, thus supporting the perspective of agency theory. Managers engage in socially responsible activities beforehand to conceal their wrongdoing and convince stakeholders that the organization is transparent. They probably use ethical codes as a tool to achieve their own goals rather than the firm's goals. Our contribution is the use of recent data (2017-2019) taking into account the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, to our knowledge, this study is the first to address CSR disclosure and earnings management practices using GMM system estimates.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.40-50
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to prove the global OTT, Netflix's organizational resilience (OR). For this, we review previous literatures regarding Netflix's OR and the theoretical logic of the OR. Then, we investigate Netflix's organizational culture (OC), corporate structure and business strategies based on the five levers of the OR. As a result, the first lever, the coordination makes Netflix to get rid of the inner wall by creating Netflix terms like 'sunshining,' and 'postmortem,' which makes their employees extraordinarily candid with each other. The second lever, the cooperation provides employees with understanding customers by sharing company and service information openly and broadly through transparent board system, billboard advertising, etc. The third lever, the clout allows Netflix to encourage independent decision-making by their employees. Netflix customers are under scrutiny and served 24/7 via live chat or phone by supporting a high-performance workplace. The fourth lever, the capabilities are related to Netflix's keeping highly effective people and it establishes a culture of highly motivated employees. The "dream team" policy is run by what is known as the "keeper test." The last lever, the connections make Netflix to forge external strategic partnership to stay agile. There is no rule for partnering with key content producers by allowing creative freedom to them.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.280-292
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• 2012

In general, a venture capital invests in tech startups and helps them improve the corporate transparency through board of directors. With respect to venture capital investment and its impact on the corporate transparency of the newly public firms from 2004 to 2010 in Korea, we have made regression analysis. First, it was found that it was likely to be less transparent, the larger its asset size or the higher its debt ratio was. Second, lower level of ownership-control disparity resulted in higher transparency. Third, a shorter period to IPO and higher growth rate were more prominent in companies with lower degree of transparency. The above findings were not conclusive to prove whether or not venture capital directly increases the transparency level of its portfolio companies, but do insinuate the possibility of a negative impact on the transparency of its investee companies, as early IPO's were associated with less transparency. This is all the more persuasive as it was observed that companies with a lower level of transparency had generally raised more money from venture capitals, and that companies with a higher growth rate and/or higher PBR, have shown to be less transparent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.343-359
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the government accounting system of South Korea on the institutional complex and institutional congruence of new institutional theory and suggests policy reform for the system. I researched the literatures on the national and local accounting system and compiled research materials from the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, the Ministry of Interior and Safety, the Board of Audit and Inspection, and Government Accounting and Finance Statistics Center websites. Analysis showed that the government accounting system consists of various elements in institutional complex and the congruence level of national and local accounting system of South Korea is low in production, disclosure, and application of information. The suggestions of this study include: introducing accounting position recruitment, adopting government audit system, and improving cooperation between national accounting organizations and local accounting organizations for reliable information production; disclosing real time information and revealing information linking national and local accounting for transparent information disclosure; educating information user, providing accurate cost and available financial analysis indicators, introducing chief financial officer, and expanding range of consolidated national financial statements for information application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1984

The author carried out an experiment for the dynamical swimming force of crusian carp, Carassius carassius. The experimental water tank was made of 4mm thick transparent acryl board in the right hexahedral shape (400L$\times$240W$\times$800H mm). The water temperature in the tank ranged 20.6$^{\circ}C$ to 21.2$^{\circ}C$. The water level in the tank was maintained 70cm high from the bottom. The measurement of the swimming force was carried out by use of strain gauge. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) The momentary maximum swimming force F sub(M) (g) and the sustainable maximum swimming force F sub(s) (g) can be expressed as a function of the body weight W(g). F sub(M) =1.45W, F sub(s) =0.29W where the momentary maximum swimming force means the highest value, and the sustainable maximum swimming force means the mean high value sustained for 4 to 5 seconds presented in the recording paper. 2) F sub(M) and F sub(s) can be expressed as a function of the body length L(cm). F sub(M) =0.11L super(2.63), F sub(s) =0.15L super(1.77) 3) The coefficient of hydraulic resistance for crusian carp was derived as 0.287.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

We developed a new x-ray image sensor utilizing a reflection-mode liquid crystal panel as its sensitive element, and tested its functionality by using it to obtain an x-ray image of a printed circuit board. In the liquid crystal x-ray image sensors hitherto reported, the liquid crystal layer is in direct contact with the photoconductive film which is deposited on a glass substrate. In the fabrication of the new x-ray image sensor, a liquid crystal panel is fabricated in the first step by using a pair of glass plates of a few centimeters thicknrss. Then one of the glass substrates is ground until its thickness is reduced to about $60\;{\mu}m$. After polishing the glass plate, dielectric films for high reflectance at 630 nm, a film of amorphous selenium for photoconduction, and a transparent conductive film for electrode are deposited in sequence. The new x-ray image sensor has several merits: primarily, fabrication of a large area sensor is more easily compared with the old fashioned x-ray image sensors. Since the reflection type liquid crystal panel has a very steep response curve, the new x-ray sensor has much more sensitivity to x-rays compared with the conventional x-ray area sensor, and the radiation dosage can be reduced down to less then 20%. By combining the new x-ray sensor with CCD camera technology, real-time x-ray images can be easily captured. We report the structure, fabrication process and characteristics of the new x-ray image sensor.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.225-234
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• 2019

By using the Triboelectric nanogenerators, known as TENG, we can take advantages of high conversion efficiency and continuous power output even with small vibrating energy sources. Nonlinear energy extraction techniques for Triboelectric vibration energy harvesting usually requires synchronized active electronic switches in most electronic interface circuits. This study presents a nonlinear energy harvesting with high energy conversion efficiency to harvest and save energies from human active motions. Moreover, the proposed design can harvest and store energy from sway motions around different directions on a horizontal plane efficiently. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of a multi-mode energy storage board developed by a silicon-based piezoelectricity and a transparent TENG cell. As a result, the experiment showed power generation of about 49.2mW/count from theses multi-fully harvesting source with provision of stable energy storages.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

Block chain technology revolutionizes the 'double entry bookkeeping' of accounting principles in 600 years. It will be an opportunity for you to become one. The advent of the block chain will revolutionize the accounting world. It is no exaggeration to say that it is a skill. The use of block chains for accounting leads to the occurrence of transactions. It's easy to identify a transaction, and it's easy to fake or tamper with it. The accounting industry because it is difficult to communicate transparent accounting information to stake holders. Transformations will be possible across the board (Carlozo, 2017). An entity shall provide financial information that is useful to interested parties in making reasonable economic decisions. Transactions arising from business activities are recorded and provided in the books. Interested parties are here. We need to make decisions to protect our interests and make those decisions rationally. To make a decision, we know how the outcome of the decision will affect our self-interest. Because it has to do so, it uses corporate information for this purpose. But the investor is one way of doing business. It is difficult to trust the information provided by (Yermack, 2017). As a result, ICO companies, startups, small businesses lose a lot of business opportunities because they don't have investors. In addition, the management mixes cash flows with accounting interests to indicate changes in cash flows. It experiences failure in its business due to its inability to analyze and predict faithfully. But it's a blockhead in accounting. Applying the factors and recording them in the book will result in a number of benefits for different stake holders. It can be provided. The financial information in the block chain is not subject to further review or verification. It can improve the timeliness and increase reliability of financial information because it cannot be forged or tampered with (Delloitte, 2016). Based on the fourth industrial revolution, the pace of change in all sectors of society has never been faster. Based on block chain technology, decision-making structure is based on vertical structure of the past. Transforming into a horizontal structure collapses existing tools and advances transparency and decentralization a change of Copernican interpersonal awareness with the trend of the times, which is becoming angry with modern people.