• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-289
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• 2011

Mongolia as a land-locked country, has tried to diversify its foreign trade with European and Asian countries. Recently continual price rise of mineral resources also helps Mongolia have chances to gain her trading partners. Nevertheless, regulations and barriers to exports of Mongolian mineral resources in China and Russia, which are transit countries, are complex and complicated in border crossing and transshipment procedures for transit transport. This paper discusses problems and barriers to economic and efficient logistics systems and transit transport of Mongolian mineral resources, and addresses a proposal of international intermodal transport corridors for improving transit transport, and suggests international cooperation, by applying transit rights of land-locked country. Specifically, it is necessary for Mongolia to search for other international intermodal corridors besides the corridor through the port of Tianjin. It is needed to build an international organization for discussion of affirmation of logistics equipments and improvement of transit procedure in border crossing, and to raise financial feasibility in building a new intermodal corridor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.549-552
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• 2015

The Korean government establishes a strategy to develop the Busan New Port as a world ranking two transit-oriented port. This paper aims at presenting an efficient Inter-Terminal Transportation system in the Busan New Port as a method of achieving the government strategy. It proposes four systems to treat Inter-Terminal Transportation in the port; Double stack Multiple Trailer System (DMTS) Rail-based transportation system, Private road for Inter-Terminal Transportation, and platform for Inter-Terminal Transportation. This is shown to highly potential for efficient Inter-Terminal Transportation in the port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2019

The Panmunjom Declaration adopted by the leaders of South and North Korea on April 27, 2018, has created an environment conducive for peace and cooperation in the Korean Peninsula. In the June of last year, South Korea has joined the Organization for Cooperation between Railways (OSJD). The membership of OSJD has established a solid foundation for restoring a multimodal logistics system that connects the Korean peninsula to Eurasia countries, including China and Russia. In this paper, a questionnaire survey targeting working-level experts was conducted to find the barriers in constructing multimodal logistics that efficiently connect the port-continental railways of the Korean peninsula and the Eurasian nations. Survey items were divided into five categories-border crossing procedures, technology, facilities, operation, and government support. As a result, among the most important problems of international multimodal logistics in Eurasia that need to be solved on priority include improving transshipment facilities, eliminating inspection carried out at every country for transit, simplifying documents for customs clearance, and minimizing the changes in freight rates. In conclusion, for vitalizing the connection between the Korean peninsula and the continental railways, it is necessary to develop a transshipment system to facilitate the changes in tracks at the borders by making a joint effort with the international community. Second, railway and operational systems in South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia should be standardized. Third, international cooperation among South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia is essential for simplifying customs clearance at borders, priority departure of domestic cargo, sharing information about the changes in freight rates, and so on. Finally, the government should come up with measures to secure the quantity of cargo required to form block trains, while developing new business models.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-408
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• 2012

This paper have examined the descriptive and legal approaches to the comparison and analysis of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and the primary judicial precedents that arose during the executing process of FTAs. Preferential tariff treatment shall be applied to a good satisfying the requirement of this agreement(annex, article etc.,) and which is transported directly between the territories of the exporting party and importing party. However, products may be transported through territories of non-parties, provided that they do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading, splitting-up of consignments or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition. During this period the products shall remain under customs control in the country of transit. The low perception of firms on the rules of origin was found to lead to breaking the rule and thus taking up losses. The FTA major countries enacted penalty rules against the violation of the rules of origin and bring civil and criminal suits and administrative sanctions. The types and level of penalties are subject to their domestic laws of each of those nations. With better recognition of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and well-prepared countermeasures, firms will be able to enhance competitive advantage while benefiting from preferential tariffs.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.659-665
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• 2008

This thesis describes the key elements for efficient customs clearance system which can facilitate flow of maritime container cargo in the pier area of Busan port, on the basis of considering great changes on international trade environment, development of customs clearance system, variation of commercial container traffic, and diverse views originated from field experience in the distribution industry. To facilitate the flow of maritime containers, reform plan of bonded-transportation and import declaration is proposed to relieve the customs restriction during the days from discharging cargos to taking them into bonded warehouse. Also, various plans to strengthen maritime security, such as customs exam of high-risk export cargos in loading port, pre-declaration of transit container replacement, container tracing system, are proposed to improve Busan port's competitiveness in safety.