• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

The AvChit gene encodes for a chitinase from the spider, Araneus ventricosus. This spider, A. ventricosus, is an abundant species in Korea. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were transformed with the AvChit gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Thirteen transgenic lines expressing the AvChit gene were obtained. Functional expression of the AvChit gene in transgenic Arabidopsis was confirmed by Southern, northern and western blot analysis. The AvChit cDNA was expressed as a 61 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. AvChit protein extracted from transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited high levels of chitinase activity. Phytopathological tests showed that two transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the AvChit gene displayed high levels of resistance to gray mold disease (Botrytis cinerea).

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

본 연구는 들깨 유래 ${\gamma}-TMT$ (${\gamma}$-tocopherol methyltransferase) 효소 유전자를 종자에서 발현시켜 ${\alpha}$-토코페롤 함량을 증가시킨 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)의 환경위해성 평가에 대한 프로토콜 및 가이드라인을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 국립농업과학원 LMO 격리포장에서 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 및 재배 품종인 서리태를 재배하고, 성장기와 수확 직전까지의 기간 동안 거미류를 포함한 곤충류의 다양성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 개체들은 기능별로 천적군, 해충군, 기타 곤충군으로 크게 구분하여 계수하였으며, 총 8목 42과 77종 17,717개체가 채집되었다. 조사된 개체군의 천적군, 해충군, 기타 곤충의 밀도는 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 간에는 유사한 발생을 보였으나, 재배 품종인 서리태는 해충군과 천적군의 개체 밀도에서 비타민 E 강화콩과 Williams 82 모두와 통계적인 유의차가를 보였다. 기타 곤충에서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 시기별 곤충 발생 양상에서도 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 간에는 통계적인 유의성을 나타나지 않았으나, 비타민 E 강화콩과 재배품종인 서리태에서는 9월 10일과 9월 24일에 통계적인 유의성을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 서리태와 Williams 82 간에도 동일하게 나타났다. 채집된 총 77종의 곤충상 데이터를 주성분 분석을 한 결과, Williams 82와 비타민 E 강화콩의 재배지의 곤충상은 국내에서 재배하는 대표적인 콩 품종인 서리태를 재배한 포장에서 나타나는 곤충상과는 확연하게 구분이 되었으며, 이는 특이적인 곤충상의 변화에 따른 결과가 아니고 재배한 콩의 품종인 서리태와 Williams 82 간의 차이에 의한 결과임을 확인하였다. 결과적으로, ${\gamma}-TMT$ (${\gamma}$-tocopherol methyltransferase) 유전자가 도입된 비타민 E 강화콩의 재배 시에 해충 및 천적의 개체군 밀도와 발생양상은 모품종인 Williams 82에서와 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1992

A laboratory bioassay that incorporates Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) purified crystal protein toxins into an artificial diet has identified three toxins, CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIIA, to by effective against the yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker). Research is aimed at engineering rice that incorporates genes of one of or more of these toxins so as to mimic the insecticidal action of the insect to Bt. The paper discusses potential strategies for slowing the rate of adaptation that include the use of multiple Bt toxins, promoters that express the toxins only in specific plant tissues at specific times, and mixing transgenic and non-transgenic plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.614-621
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• 2012

Although there is a broad dispute over genetically modified foods on safety, the worldwide adoption of transgenic crops is rapidly increasing. The objectives of this study were to identify trends in the effects of transgenic on crop yields and examine the effect of agricultural variables including crop type, biotech trait, tillage system, and yield environment on corn and soybean yield. A meta-analysis from the 34 peer-reviewed scientific literatures was conducted to compare the crop yield between transgenic crops and conventional varieties. Results showed that the yield of transgenic corn and soybean was strongly dependent on growing conditions. Transgenic hybrids had higher yield potential in the low crop yield environments such as high weeds and/or insect infestation, low soil water, and cool temperature conditions, while transgenic crops did not have yield advantages in high yield environments. The results from this study suggest that producers should consider the potential yield environmental conditions and possible yield reductions when producers choose crop hybrids in their fields.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

폴리드나바이러스의 일종인 CpBV (Cotesia plutellae bracovirus) 바이러스 게놈에 포함된 시스타틴(CpBV-CST1) 유전자의 과발현이 곤충의 면역 및 발육을 교란한다. 이 연구는 바이러스 유래 시스타틴의 생물적 기능의 심화 연구와 해충저항성 작물 개발을 위해 담배형질전환체를 구축하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 형질전환체를 대상으로 목표유전자의 발현분석과 곤충에 대한 발육억제에 대한 생물검정을 수행했다. 시스타틴 유전자를 pBI121 운반체에 재조합한 pBI121-CST를 제작하고, 이를 아그로박테리움(Agrobacterium tumefasciens) 세균 매개에 의한 담배 형질전환 및 재분화를 유도하여 약 92%의 높은 신초 재분화율을 나타냈다. 이들 재분화된 개체 가운데 담배 genomic DNA에 시스타틴 유전자가 삽입된 형질전환 추정 개체를 PCR 분석법으로 선발하였다. 다시 quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 분석을 통해 이들 목표유전자의 발현을 분석하였다. qRT-PCR 결과는 형질전환 추정 개체가 비형질전환체에 비해 유전자 발현이 약 17 배 높게 나타나 형질전환계통에서 목표유전자가 안정적으로 발현되고 있음을 확인했다. 선발된 형질전환담배를 대상으로 갓 부화한 담배나방(Helicoverpa assulta) 1령 유충에 대한 살충효과를 확인하였다. 살충력에 있어서 형질전환계통간의 차이가 있었다. 특히 T9와 T12계통은 섭식 후 7 일차 조사에서 95% 이상의 살충효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과들은 CpBV-CST1이 해충저항성 작물 개발에 필요한 유용 유전자 자원으로서 활용될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1614-1620
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• 2012

유전자총(Particle bombardment) 방법에 의해 snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) 유전자가 도입된 해충저항성 형질전환 벼를 개발하였다. GNA 유전자가 도입된 많은 형질전환 식물체가 재분화되었으며, 형질전환 벼의 GNA 유전자의 integration, expression 및 inheritance는 Southern 및 western analysis분석 방법에 의해 증명되었다. 벼 genome 내 도입 유전자 수는 one 혹은 five copies이었다. 형질전환 $R_1$과 $R_2$ 식물체의 GNA 단백질 발현 분석 결과, 함량은 총 단백질 중 0.01%부터 2.0%까지 포함하고 있었다. 형질전환 식물체 중 GNA 과발현 형질전환 벼를 이용한 생물 검정 결과, 대조구와 비교하여 벼의 주요 해충인 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens St${\aa}$l)에 저항성을 나타내었다. 위의 실험 결과를 통해, 해충저항성 유전자인 GNA가 도입된 형질전환 벼는 해충의 증식을 억제하는데 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2004

Cabbage plants were transformed with the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PINII) gene, bar gene, and hpt gene using Agrobacterium. The expression of the PINII gene was driven by its own promoter which was wound-inducible. Ten transgenic plants were obtained from medium containing hygromycin as a selection antibiotic. The integration and expression of PINII and bar genes were confirmed by Southern and Northern hybridization. Growth and development of diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae were examined on $T_1$ plants. The weight of the larvae and pupae of these two insects grown on transgenic plants was not different compared to those grown on wild type plants. However, the pupation and emergence rate of diamondback moths and tobacco cutworms fed on some transgenic plants was lower than on wild type plants. These results suggest that the PINII transgene under the control of a wound-induced promoter may be used for control of insects in transgenic cabbage through reduction of insect progeny number.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.719-736
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• 2022

Environmental risk assessment of living modified (LM) crops is essential for their cultivation. In this study, we cultivated β-carotene enhanced transgenic soybean (LM soybean) and non-LM soybean (Gwangan) in living modified organism (LMO) isolated fields, and investigated changes in the insect fauna using three types of collection methods for three years. In total, 331,483 individual insects and arachnids, representing 82 families in 14 orders, were captured during the study. Totals of 166,518 and 164,965 individual insects and arachnids were collected from LM soybean and Gwangan, respectively. Throughout the study, although there were differences between the investigation year, region, and methods, there were no significant differences between the population densities of insect pests, natural enemies, and other insects on LM soybean and non-LM soybean. Also, there were no statistically significant differences between varieties in the results of the species diversity analysis. The data on insect species population densities were subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS), which did not distinguish between the two varieties, LM soybean and the non-LM soybean, in all cultivated fields. However, the results of the MDS analysis were completely divided into six groups based on the yearly survey areas. These results provided the insect diversity for an environmental risk assessment of LM soybean and suggested that the guideline could be useful to detect LM crops.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2018

This study was done to develop environmental risk assessments and a biosafety guide for insect-resistant genetically modified rice at a LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and on non-GM rices (Dongjin and Ilmi) were investigated. The Bt-9 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on the above ground insects and spiders. The study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rices, Ilmi and Dongjin, at Gunwi in Southern Korea in 2016. Each rice was grown on three $18m^2$ plots with a randomized block design. A total of 4,243 individuals from 43 families and 9 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. In the three types of rice fields, a total of 1,467 individuals from the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9), 1,423 individuals from the Ilmi, and 1,353 individuals from the Dongjin were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) and non-GM rices. These results provide the diversity and population density of non-target insects for an environment risk assessment survey on insect-resistant genetically modified rice and could be used as a guideline to make a biosafety assessment method for genetically modified crops.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2012

In previous studies we have shown that a sw17255 gene was expressed in hemocyte-specific tissues of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). It was verified that the sw17255 core promoter region contains elements that regulate the expression of this gene in hemocyte tissue; the selected promoter region spans nucleotides -1 to -2,112 upstream of the start codon. Each of the luciferase reporter gene expression vectors under the control of 4 different kinds of promoter candidates, (-2,112/-1), (-1,640/-1), (-1,169/-1) and (-579/-1), and the control reporter plasmid DNA, were introduced into B. mori larval coelom by direct injection using a syringe. The promoter candidate [E] (-579/-1) showed more than 1.67 fold transcriptional activity compared to control promoter activity. Higher productivity of an expressed gene in the transgenic silkworm by this promoter combination could be achieved in the near future. The foreign recombinant protein could be easily harvested from the blood of the transgenic silkworm.