• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권8호
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• pp.50-59
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• 1996

In this paper, a new hierarchical motion estiamtion scheme using the wavelet transformed multi-resolution image layers is proposed. Compared with the full search motion estimation method, the existing hierarchical methods remarkably reduce the amount of the computation but their efficiencies are depreciated by the local minima problem. In order to solve the local minima problem, the multi-resolution image layers are composed using the wavelet transform and the number of layers participated in the motion estimation for a block is determined by considering of its low band energy and higher band energy on the first wavelet transformed layer. The ratio between higher band energy and low band energy of each block is evaluated and in the case of the blocks which include relatively large higher band energy, the motion estimation is carried out in the high resolution layer. Otherwise, all layers are used. The final motion vectors are obtained in the first wavelet transformed layer. So less bits for motion vectors are transmitted, and the decomposition of received image using inverse wavelet transform decreases the blocking effect.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1998년도 제13차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.221-225
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• 1998

This paper is to present a method for recognizing an image of a tracking object by processing the image from a camera, whose attitude is controlled in inertial space with inertial co-ordinate system. In order to recognize an object, a pseudo-random M-array is attached on the object and it is observed by the camera which is controlled on inertial coordinate basis by inertial stabilization unit. When the attitude of the camera is changed, the observed image of M-array is transformed by use of affine transformation to the image in inertial coordinate system. Taking the cross-correlation function between the affine-transformed image and the original image, we can recognize the object. As parameters of the attitude of the camera, we used the azimuth angle of camera, which is de-fected by gyroscope of an inertial sensor, and elevation an91e of camera which is calculated from the gravitational acceleration detected by servo accelerometer.

• 한국인쇄학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인쇄학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.35-44
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• 2000

Because Image on the CRT change under different illuminants, human is difficult to see original color of object. If what is information of used illuminant on capturing object know, image can be transformed according to viewing condition using the linear matrix method. To know information of used illuminant at an image, the spectral radiance of illuminant can be estimated using the linear model of Maloney and Wandell form an image. And then image can be properly transformed it using color appearance model. In this paper, we predict the spectral radiance of illuminant using spectral power distribution of specular light and using surface spectral reflectance at maximum gray area. and then we perform visual experiments for the corresponding color reproduction according to viewing condition. In results, we ensure that the spectral radiance of illuminant at an image can be well estimated using above algorithms and that human visual system is 70% adapted to the monitor's white point and 30% to ambient light when viewing softcopy images.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 1991

본 논문에서는 화상을 고주파 성분이 포함된 윤곽신 화상과 저주파 성분이 포함된 배경 화상으로 분리하여 압축하는 화상 데이타 압축 알고리즘을 제질하였다. 윤관선 화상은 8방향 경사마스크를 사용하여 검출하고 연속길이 Huffman 부호화 방법을 적용하여 부호화하고 배경화상은 원화상에서 윤곽선화상을 제시하여 줌으로써 추출한 후 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)을 취하여 이 개수에 대한 비트 할당표를 구하여 부호화 하였다. 실제 화상에 적용한 결과 최고 신호내 잡음비(PSNR)이 36 dB에서 압축율이 0.52bpp(bit/pixel)로 만족할만한 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2007

In general, Harris detector is commonly used for finding salient points in watermarking systems using feature points. Harris detector is a kind of combined comer and edge detector which is based on neighboring image data distribution, therefore it has some limitation to find accurate salient points after watermark embedding or any kinds of digital attacks. In this paper, we have used cross reference points which use not data distribution but geometrical structure of a normalized image in order to avoid pointing error caused by the distortion of image data. After normalization, we find cross reference points and take inverse normalization of these points. Next, we construct a group of triangles using tessellation with inversely normalized cross reference points. The watermarks are affine transformed and transformed-watermarks are embedded into not normalized image but original one. Only locations of watermarks are determined on the normalized image. Therefore, we can reduce data loss of watermark which is caused by inverse normalization. As a result, we can detect watermarks with high correlation after several digital attacks.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

워터마킹은 저작권이나 소유권자의 허락 없이 저작물을 복사하거나 배포하는 것을 방지하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 영상데이터를 워터마크로 사용하는 경우 원본 영상의 존재 여부에 의해 워터마크를 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상데이터를 워터마크로 사용하고 워터마크 검출에서는 원본영상 없이 워터마크를 검출할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 원 영상을 DWT하고 워터마크 영상을 DCT하여 변환계수들을 2진화한다. 원영상의 2진 비트열에서 워터마크 데이터를 은닉할 수 있는 최적의 비트 위치를 계산하여 워터마크를 삽입, 워터 마크가 삽입된 영상이 JPEG 압축이나 필터링, 리샘플링과 같은 공격에 강인할 수 있도록 비트의 위치를 결정한다. 제안된 방법은 비가시적인 워터마크를 사용함으로 저작권 및 소유권의 확인을 쉽게 할 수 있고 원 영상 없이 워터마크 검출이 가능하다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1372-1381
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• 2017

In this paper, a texture feature extraction method using local energy and local correlation of Gabor transformed images is proposed and applied to an image retrieval system. The Gabor wavelet is known to be similar to the response of the human visual system. The outputs of the Gabor transformation are robust to variants of object size and illumination. Due to such advantages, it has been actively studied in various fields such as image retrieval, classification, analysis, etc. In this paper, in order to fully exploit the superior aspects of Gabor wavelet, local energy and local correlation features are extracted from Gabor transformed images and then applied to an image retrieval system. Some experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with those of the conventional Gabor method and the popular rotation-invariant uniform local binary pattern (RULBP) method in terms of precision vs recall. The Mahalanobis distance is used to measure the similarity between a query image and a database (DB) image. Experimental results for Corel DB and VisTex DB show that the proposed method is superior to the conventional Gabor method. The proposed method also yields precision and recall 6.58% and 3.66% higher on average in Corel DB, respectively, and 4.87% and 3.37% higher on average in VisTex DB, respectively, than the popular RULBP method.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 1996년도 학술대회
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• pp.181-185
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• 1996

Color image is largely corrupted by various ambient illumination. However, human perceives always white color as white under any illumination because of a characteristic of human vision, called color constancy. In the conventional algorithm which applied the constancy effect, after the RGB color space is transformed to the IHS(Intensity, Hue, and Saturation) color space, then the hue is preserved and the intensity or the saturation is properly enhanced. Then the enhanced IHS color is reversely transformed to the RGB color space. In this process, the color distortion is included due to the color gamut error. But in the proposed algorithm, there is not transformation. In that, the RGB color is considered as 3 dimensional color vector and we assume that white color is the natural daylight. As the color vector of the illumination can be calculated as the average vector of R, G, and B image, we can achieve the constancy effect by simply rotating the illumination vector to the white color vector. The simulation results show the efficiency of the vector rotating process for color image enhancement.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.55-57
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• 1992

Image display is the last step of imaging chain in which the diagnostic information is transformed into perceivable intensities and transformed to observer's eye-brain system. In this process, a certain part of information may be efficiently transfered and another part may be inefficiently transfered leading to information loss. In this study, the visual perceptual properties of image display on CRT monitor has been investigated. Psychophysical experiment of target image detection has been performed using CRT monitor for various background grey levels, and the threshold difference grey levels required for visual discrimination have been predicted by computer simulation with visual model.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

디지털 워터마킹은 이미지, 사운드와 같은 멀티미디어 데이타에 지각할 수 없도록 비밀 정보를 삽입하는 기법이다. 일반적으로 주파수 영역 워터마킹 기법에서는 원 이미지에 대해 주파수 변환을 하고, 그 변환 면에 부호화된 워터마크 데이타를 삽입한다. 본 논문에서 우리는 Fresnel 변환을 이용한 새로운 워터마크 데이타 삽입 기법을 제안한다. 워터마크 이미지를 Fresnel 변환시켜 얻은 패턴의 값들을 원 이미지에 삽입한다. 본 워터마킹 모델은, 하나의 워터마크 이미지로부터 Fresnel 변환의 거리 파라미터의 값에 변화를 줌으로써 다양한 삽입 패턴을 얻을 수 있음으로 인해 데이타 삽입에 있어서 유연성을 가진다. 또한 도형, 문자, 사진과 같은 모든 종류의 이미지를 워터마크 데이타로 사용하는 것이 가능하다. 제안된 기법의 유효성을 검증하기 위한 실험 결과, 손실 압축, 필터링, 기하학적 변환 등의 공격에 대해 내성을 지니고 있음을 보였다.