• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2017

In this study, multilayered graphene was easily transferred to the target substrate in one step using thermal release tape. The transmittance of the transferred graphene according to the number of layers was measured using a spectrophotometer. The sheet resistance was measured using a four-point probe system. Graphene formed using this transfer method showed almost the same electrical and optical properties as that formed using the conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) transfer method. This method is suitable for the mass production of graphene because of the short process time and easy large-area transfer. In addition, multilayered graphene can be transferred on various substrates without wetting problem using the one-step dry transfer method. In this work, this easy transfer method was used for dielectric substrates such as glass, paper and polyethylene terephthalate, and a sheet resistance of ~240 ohm/sq was obtained with three-layer graphene. By fabricating organic solar cells, we verified the feasibility of using this method for optoelectronic devices.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

Plant tissue culture techniques offer quick methods of regeneration of plants of medicinal importance but the survival chances of such plants are always questionable when shifted to the in vivo conditions. The present study enumerates the micromorphological developments in the leaves of in vitro regenerated and field transferred plantlets of Oldenlandia umbellata. The leaves developed in vitro after $4^{th}$ subcultures of multiplication phase and after 6 weeks of field transferred plants were used. Statistically significant differences in the number of stomata, veins, raphides, crystals and trichome density per square mm were observed. The improvements in stomatal apparatus and density (decreased from 41.85 to 32.20), developments in leaf architectural parameters and emergence of defense mechanism through increased numbers of raphides (8 to 15), crystals and trichomes (13.5 to 18.2) proved acclimation of tissue culture raised plantlets from in vitro to the in vivo environments lead to 100 % success in field establishment of the plantlets. The in vitro induced foliar abnormalities (changes in stomata, venation pattern, vein density, trichomes, crystals etc.) were repaired while hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse and finally in the field. The observed micromorphological response of leaves under altered environmental conditions could help in determination of proper stage of field transfer and prediction of survival percentage of in vitro regenerated O. umbellata plantlets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2019

Several reports describe antimicrobial-resistance transfer among children and the community in outbreak situations, but transfer between a child and a caregiver has not been examined in child care facilities under normal circumstances. We investigated the transfer of antimicrobial-resistance genes, resistant bacteria, or both among healthy children and teachers. From 2007 to 2009, 104 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from four teachers and 38 children in a child care center. Twenty-six cephem-resistant isolates were obtained from children in 2007 and 2008. In 2009, cephem-resistant isolates were detected in children as well as a teacher. Nalidixic acid-resistant isolates from the same teacher for 3 years showed low similarity (<50%) to each other. However, an isolate from a teacher in 2007 and another from a child in 2008 showed high similarity (87%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 100% similarity for four isolates in 2007 and one isolate in 2008, and also similarity among seven isolates carrying the virulence gene (CNF1). This study yielded the following findings: (1) a gene for extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase was transferred from a child to other children and a teacher; (2) a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate was transferred from a teacher to a child; and (3) a virulent bacterium was transferred between children.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.124-128
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation methods and transfer timings on the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of the river puffer Takifugu obscurus. Four incubation methods were tested, a) control (fertilized eggs attached to the glass plate), b) bottom (fertilized eggs spread on the bottom of the tank without any treatment), c) S-bottom (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then spreading the eggs on the bottom of the tank), and d) incubator (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then incubating the eggs in an incubator). Additionally, four transfer timings were tested: a) control (no transfer from the incubation tank), b) zygote (fertilized eggs transferred at the zygote stage), c) segmentation (fertilized eggs transferred at the segmentation stage), and d) pharygula (fertilized eggs transferred at the pharygula state). The results showed that the hatching rate of incubator was significantly higher than those of control, bottom, and glass (P<0.05). The results also showed that the hatching rates of control and pharygula were significantly higher than those of zygote and segmentation (P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the collaborate transitional care program for improving continuity of care in patients transferred to general wards from ICUs. Methods: 18 years and older who were hospitalized in adult intensive care units at A university affiliated medical center was recruited for the study. The experimental group for patients transferred from an ICU consisted of 33 patients and family caregivers; 34 patients and family caregivers for the control group. This study was utilized a quasi-experimental research design. The collaborative transitional care program was administered in transfer process. Data were collected two times by interviews, medical records, and telephone using questionnaires. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups on relocation stress (p<.001), perceived health status (p<.001), satisfaction of caring (p=.011), physical domain (p=.022) and mental domain (p<.001) of the QOL. There were significant differences between the families of the two groups on burden (p<.001) and satisfaction of caring (p<.001). Conclusion: The collaborative transitional care programs administered in transfer process to general wards from an ICU have positive effects on patients and families' intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This program will be able to be utilized in clinical fields to improve continuity of care for patients and families between ICUs and general wards.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the result that in-vivo or in-vitro embryos of Hanwoo cows were transferred to Holstein cows. Seventeen Hanwoo cows were used as donors for production of in-vivo embryos and fresh hanwoo in-vivo embryos were transferred to 1,150 Holsteins. And 2 embryos were transferred to 188 Holstein recipients to produce twin calves. Diagnosis on pregnancy was performed by rectal palpation at $60\sim90$ days after transfer. The pregnancy rate of Holstein recipients was 55.8% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vivo embryos and 38.2% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos. The delivery rate of pregnant Holstein recipients was 88.4% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vivo embryos and 75.6% after transfer with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos. The rate of delivery of Holstein recipients transferred with two Hanwoo embryos was 36.2% and the rate of twin production was 25.9%. The rate of twin production by embryo transfer with in-vivo embryos was 30.4%, whereas the fate with in-vitro embryos was 15.6%. The pregnancy rate according to the grade of corpus luteum of Holstein recipients transferred with Hanwoo in-vitro embryos was 41.5 and 36.0% for A and B grade, respectively. The pregnancy rate according to the transfer in site in the uterine lumen of recipients was 40.9 and 32.7% for anterior and middle site, respectively. The pregnancy rate according to day of embryo transfer after estrus of recipients was 45.5, 38.8 and 39.7% for day 6, day 7 and day 8, respectively. There was difference of pregnancy rate according embryo transfer technician ($30.5\sim45.8%$) individual dairy farm ($21.1\sim51.0%$). These results are supposed to indicate that the rate of pregnancy after transfer with Hanwoo embryos to Holstein recipients was similar to that within the same breed, and consequently that this method would be beneficial to enhance the productivity in Hanwoo reproduction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.457-474
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• 1998

This study was aimed to be able to dedicate to the quality promotion of nursing of the nurses and the development of hospital organization by investigating interrelations between job satisfaction degree and organizational commitment of the clinical nurses. The objects of this study have been 507 nurses working in university hospital in Seoul and the materials have been collected through structured questionnaires for 14 days from Feb. 23. 1998 through March 8. The materials have been analyzed and computerized statistically with SPSS. General characteristics have been analyzed by practical number and percentage. and job satisfaction degree and organizational commitment have been analyzed by average evaluation marks and standard deviation and the relation between general characteristics and job satisfaction degree and the relation between general characteristics and organizational commitment have been analyzed by t-test or F-test(ANOVA) according to the characteristics of variable. Correlations between job satisfaction degree and organizational commitment have been analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The followings are the summaries of the results of the study: 1. The degree of job satisfaction of the object was 3.26 in average on the basic of 5 marks and worth area showed highest by 3.78 while wage and welfare 2.70 the lowest when analyzed 11 areas. 2. Organizational commitment of the object showed 3.24 in average on the basic of 5 marks. 3. According to the age. marital status. educational background. employment experience. experience in current department. position. types of work. department of work. wage, satisfaction about the current department, whether they wish to be transferred to the other department and whether they are transferred or not. there were significant differences in the characters of job satisfaction degree when general characteristics and job satisfaction degree have been examined. 4. According to the age. marital status. religion. educational background. employment history. position and experience in current department. types of work. department of work. wage. satisfaction about the department they are assigned. whether they wish to be transferred. Whether they are transferred or not and number of being transferred to the other department. there have been significant differences in the characters of organizational commitment when general characteristics and organizational commitment have been examined relatively. 5. Correlations between the degree of job satisfaction and organizational commitment has shown the degree of organizational commitment higher respectively when the degree of job satisfaction was higher. the degree of sanitation factor was higher and the degree of motive factor was higher (r=.73799. r=.6826. r=.6570). 6. The result of the analysis of correlations between organizational commitment and the turnover intension and job related action has shown comparatively high reverse correlations (r=.6375) between organizational commitment and turnover intension and low reverse correlations(r=.3253) between organizational commitment and job related action. Based on the above results. the study of the ways of increasing the degree of satisfaction about wage. welfare. position and stability and the supervision of the senior which showed the low degree of job satisfaction should be conducted and through the management of the degree of job satisfaction which affects to the organizational commitment, I would like to propose that the ways of increasing the sense of commitment to the hospital organization of the nurses should be studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7~8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr. Hashiyada(2001), 296 pairs of split-half embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs. Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1988, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a glaf of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us as effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle. 6. Farm animal cloning is one of the most dreamful technologies of 21th century. It is necessary to develop this technology more efficient and stable as realistic technology of the farm animal production. We are making researches related to the best condition of donor cells for high productivity of cloning, genetic analysis of cloned animals, growth and performance abilities of clone cattle and pathological and genetical analysis of high rates of abortion and stillbirth of clone calves (about 30% of periparutum mortality). 7. It is requested in the report of Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare to make clear that carbon-copy cattle(somatic cell clone cattle) are safe and heathy for a commercial market since the somatic cell cloning is a completely new technology. Fattened beef steers (well-proved normal growth) and milking cows(shown a good fertility) are now provided for the assessment of food safety.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Purpose: Major trauma patients should be transferred to a definitive care facility as early as possible because prompt management will prevent death. This study was designed to discover the obstacles leading to delayed transfers under the current emergency medical system in Korea and whether there are any negative outcomes associated with conducting procedures at primary care hospitals prior to transferring patients to higher levels of care. Methods: The medical records of major trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score above 15 within the past year were reviewed. Patients were divided three groups as follows: (A) came directly to our emergency center, (B) were transferred without CT or MRI scan at the primary care hospital and (C) transferred with CT or MRI scans. The transfer time of each group were compared and analyzed statistically. Additionally, the number and type of imaging performed at the primary care hospital were analyzed. Results: All qualified patients (n=276) were enrolled in this study: 121 patients in group A; 104 in group B; 51 in group C. There was a statistically significant difference in the transfer time between the three groups (p-value<0.001), and 79 (28.6%) were transferred to an emergency medical center within one hour. In group C, CT or MRI scans were performed an average of 1.86 times at the primary care hospital, and the median transfer time was 4 hours 5 minutes. Conclusion: Only 28.6% of the cases in the study arrived within the golden hour at a definitive care facility. Such delays are in part the result of prolonged times at the primary care hospital for radiologic examinations, such as CT or MRI scans. Major multiple trauma patients should be transferred to a definitive care facility directly or as soon as the primary survey and the resuscitation of Advanced Trauma Life Support guideline are completed at the primary care hospital.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2004

Mucin coat is deposited on the embryos during passage through the oviduct in rabbit. When in vitro cultured blastocysts were transferred to the recipients, the lack of mucin coat might account in part for failure of pregnancy after transfer. The present study were carried out to investigate whether deposition of mucin coat were induced when in vitro cultured blastocysts were transferred to recipients. At 19 ～20 hours post-coitus one-cell embryos were collected by flushing oviducts. These embryos cultured for 72 hours were reached to blastocyst stage. And these blastocysts were transferred to the oviduct of asynchronized (one day later than the donors) and synchronized recipient. To confirm deposition of the mucin coat, blastocysts transferred to the oviduct were recovered at 24 and 48 hours after the transfer. Fifty eight percent of blastocysts recovered from uterus of asynchronous recipient at 24 hours after transfer and 92.9% of blastocysts recovered from uterus of synchronous recipient were 0～10 ㎛ of mucin coat thickness. And 11.8% of blastocysts of asynchronized recipients and 7.1% of blastocysts from asynchronized recipients were in 11～20 ㎛ of mucin coat thickness. When blastocysts were recovered from uterus at 48 hours after transfer, 87.0% of blastocysts from asynchronized recipients and 5.9% of blastocyst from synchronized recipients were in 0～10 ㎛ of mucin coat thickness. And 76.5% of blastocysts of synchronized recipients and 4.4% of blastocysts from asynchronized recipients were in 11～20 ㎛ of mucin coat thickness. From these results it is speculated that the low implantation rate of in vitro cultured rabbit blastocysts transferred to oviduct of recipient was caused by high degeneration of the embryo after transfer and inappropriate deposition of mucin coat.