• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2018

Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major food crop in the world following rice, wheat, and maize. It is thus important to project yield predict of potato under climate change conditions for assessment of food security. A crop growth modelling is widely used to simulate crop growth condition and total yield of various crops under a given climate condition. The decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) cropping system model, which was developed by U.S. which package integrating several models of 27 different crops, have been used to project crop yield for the impact assessment of climate change on crop production. In this study, we simulated potato yield using RCP 8.5 climate change scenario data, as inputs to the DSSAT model in five regions of Korea. The genetic coefficients of potato cultivar for 'superior', which is one of the most widely cultivated potato variety in Korea were determined. The GenCalc program, which is a submodule of the DSSAT package, was used to determine the genetic coefficients for the superior cultivar. The values of genetic coefficients were validated using results of 39 experiments performed over seven years in five regions. As a case study, the potato yield was projected that total yields of potato across five regions would increase by 26% in 2050s but decrease by 17% in 2090s, compared with 2010s. These results suggested that the needs for cultivation and irrigation technologies would be considerably large for planning and implementation of climate change adaptation for potato production in Korea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2017

The aim of this research is to review recent trends in weather and climate research in North Korea. We selected North Korean journal 'Weather and Hydrology' for the last 10 years (2007-2016), and identified trends in research subject, researchers, and affiliations. Furthermore, we analyzed the major achievements and trends by research sector. Our main results are same as follows. The largest number of researches on 'modernization and informatization on prediction' have been carried out in North Korea's recent meteorological and climatological research. This could be implicated that the scope of national science policy directly affected the promotion of specific research field. Especially, North Korea was evaluated to be concentrating its efforts on numerical model research and development. The numerical model which enables very short-term (6 hours) rainfall forecast which using ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation method (4D EnKF) was developed. In addition, development of automatic weather system and improvement of the data transfer system were promoted. However, the result reveals that the automated real-time data transfer system was not fully equipped yet. These results could be used as a basic data for meteorological cooperation between South and North Korea.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.625-631
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• 2010

Recently, the fossil energy and its related environmental problems (increase in PPM of $CO_2$) have been increased. Therefore, the interests on new and renewable energy have been increased as the one of the future industrial leading items. Among the renewable energy, the PV (Photo-Volatic) systems has particular merit at the electricity can be directly acquired from the sun. Usually in PV systems, the ambient temperature and air velocity have strongly related on the effect of power generation of PV panel. So the purpose of this study is to clarify relationships between power generation of PV panel and outer environmental factors like temperature and air velocity. And these types of applications using natural energy are strongly affected by the climate conditions. Therefore the data of this study were re-arranged in terms of non-dimensional correlations.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.232-235
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• 2006

Using 30 days of hourly visible channel data and DIScrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (DISORT) model (6S), Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at $0.55{\mu}m$ was retrieved over the East Asia. In contrast with the AOD retrieval using low-earth-orbit satellites such as MODIS (Moderate-Res olution Spectroradiometer) or MISR (Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), this algorithm with geostationary satellite can improve the monitoring of AOD without the limitation of temporal resolution. Due to the limited number of channels in the conventional meteorological imager onboard the geostationary satellite, an AOD retrieval algorithm utilizing a single visible channel has been introduced. This single channel algorithm has larger retrieval error of AOD than other multiple-channel algorithm due to errors in surface reflectance and atmospheric property. In this study, the effects of manifold atmospheric and surface properties on the retrieval of AOD from the geostationary satellite, are investigated and compared with the AODs from AERONET and MODIS. To improve the accuracy of retrieved AOD, efforts were put together to minimize uncertainties through extensive sensitivity tests. This algorithm can be utilized to retrieve aerosol information from previous geostationary satellite for long-term climate studies.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.122-130
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• 2018

Recent urbanization, population densification, and the impact of global climate change are causing disasters to become larger and more complex. Meanwhile, in Korea, there is an emphasis on preventing, restoring, and recovering from disasters. However, disaster medical care, which is absolutely necessary to maintain life in a disaster, is being ignored. Therefore, in this study, we selected Seoul as the study area where flood damage is frequent and underground housing is densely populated. Assuming underground housing in the immersion history area as the emergency patient site, transfer distance and transfer time were analyzed. This study considered both accessibility to emergency medical facilities and disaster sites and accessibility from emergency services to disaster sites. Therefore, it seems to be meaningful as basic data for the improvement of emergency medical services.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1201-1211
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• 2012

This paper constructed the single country sequential dynamic CGE model to analyze the economic impacts of subsidizing water industry under the GHG emission abatement policy in Korea. We introduced the carbon tax to reduce the GHG emission and made two scenarios. One is to transfer the total tax revenue to household. The other is to mix the tax transfer and water industry support. Our Simulation results show that the macroeconomic effects might be positive by subsidizing water industry compared with the pure tax transfer. However, the support of water industry doesn't contribute to head for the non-energy intensive economy because it's economic activity highly depend on fossil energy and energy intensive products as intermediate demand. This means that it is important to make efforts on the cost effective measures such as energy technology progress, alternative energy development, and energy efficiency improvement in water industry against climate change policy.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2010

This study observed distribution of vegetation to confirm change of tundra-taiga boundary. Tundra-taiga boundary is used to observe the transfer of vegetation pattern because it is very sensitive to human activity, natural disturbances and climate change. The circumpolar tundra-taiga boundary could observe reaction about some change. Reaction and confirmation about climate change were definite than other place. This study used Leaf Area Index(LAI) 8-Day data in August from 2000 to 2009 that acquire from Terra satellite MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) sensor and used K$\"{o}$ppen Climate Map, Global Land Cover 2000 for reference data. This study conducted analysis of spatial distribution in low density vegetated areas and inter-annual / zonal analysis for using the long period data of LAI. Change of LAI was confirmed by analysis based on boundary value of LAI in study area. Development of vegetation could be confirmed by area of grown vegetation($730,325km^2$) than area of reduced vegetation ($22,372km^2$) in tundra climate. Also, area was increased with the latitude $64^{\circ}$ N~$66^{\circ}$ N as the center and around the latitude $62^{\circ}$ N through area analysis by latitude. Vegetation of tundra-taiga boundary was general increase from 2000 to 2009. While area of reduced vegetation was a little, area of vegetation growth and development was increased significantly.

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-90
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• 2005

This study examines the impacts of land cover changes on the East Asia summer monsoon with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Regional Climate Model (NCAR RegCM2), coupled with Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). To assess the goals, two types of land cover maps were used in the simulation of summer climate. One type was NCAR land cover map (CTL) and the other was current land cover map derived from satellite data (land cover: LCV). Warm and cold surface temperature biases of $1-3^{\circ}C$ occurred over central China and Mongolia in CTL. The model produced excessive precipitation over northern land area but less over southern ocean of the model domain. Changes of biophysical parameters, such as albedo, minimum stomatal resistance and roughness length, due to the land cover changes resulted in the alteration of land-atmosphere interactions. Latent heat flux and wind speed in LCV increased noticeably over central China where deciduous broad leaf trees have been replaced by mixed farm and irrigated crop. As a result, the systematic warm biases over central China were greatly reduced in LCV. Strong cooling of central China decreased pressure gradient between East Asian continent and Pacific Ocean. The decreased pressure gradient suppressed the northward transport of moisture from south China and South China Sea. These changes reduced not only the excessive precipitation over north China and Mongolia but also less precipitation over south China. However, the land cover changes increased the precipitation over the Korean Peninsula and the Japan Islands, especially in July and August.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.300-312
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• 2017

To improve the understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors at the regional background station on Baengnyeong Island, Korea, gas phase and aerosol chemistries were investigated using the Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and the Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. HR-ToF-AMS measured fine particles ($PM_1$; diameter of particle matter less than $1{\mu}m$) at a 6-minute time resolution from February to November 2012, while PTR-ToF-MS was deployed during an intensive period from September 21 to 29, 2012. The one-minute time-resolution and high mass resolution (up to $4000m{\Delta}m^{-1}$) data from the PTR-ToF-MS provided the basis for calculations of the concentrations of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). The dominant BVOCs from the site are isoprene (0.23 ppb), dimethyl sulphide (DMS, 0.20 ppb), and monoterpenes (0.38 ppb). Toluene (0.45 ppb) and benzene (0.32 ppb) accounted for the majority of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs). OVOCs including acetone (3.98 ppb), acetaldehyde (2.67 ppb), acetic acid (1.68 ppb), and formic acid (2.24 ppb) were measured. The OVOCs comprise approximately 75% of total measured VOCs, suggesting the occurrence of strong oxidation processes and/or long-range transported at the site. A strong photochemical aging and oxidation of the atmospheric pollutants were also observed in aerosol measured by HR-ToF-AMS, whereby a high $f_{44}:f_{43}$ value is shown for organic aerosols (OAs); however, relatively low $f_{44}:f_{43}$ values were observed when high concentrations of BVOCs and AVOCs were available, providing evidence of the formation of SOA from VOC precursors at the site. Overall, the results of this study revealed several different SOA formation mechanisms, and new particle formation and particle growth events were identified using the powerful tools scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), PTR-ToF-MS, and HR-ToF-AMS.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.473-483
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• 2014

In this work, the effects of shade combination, shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate were quantified. A two-dimensional (2-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed based on an 11-span plastic greenhouse in eastern China for wind almost normal to the greenhouse orientation. The model was first validated with air temperature profiles measured in a compartmentalized greenhouse cultivated with mature lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 'Yang Shan'). Next, the model was employed to investigate the effect of shade combinations on greenhouse microclimate patterns. Simulations showed similar airflow patterns in the greenhouse under different shade combinations. The temperature pattern was a consequence of convection and radiation transfer and was not significantly influenced by shade combination. The use of shade screens reduced air velocity by $0.02-0.20m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, lowered air temperature by $0.2-0.8^{\circ}C$ and raised the humidity level by 0.9-2.0% in the greenhouse. Moreover, it improved the interior climate homogeneity. The assessment of shade performance revealed that the external shade had good cooling and homogeneity performance and thus can be recommended. Furthermore, the effects of external shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate parameters showed that external shade screens are suitable for installation within 1 m above roof level. They also demonstrated that, under external shade conditions, greenhouse temperature was reduced relative to unshaded conditions by $1.3^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $0.5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, whereas it was reduced by merely $0.5^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $2.0m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Therefore, external shading is more useful during periods of low wind speed.