• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS) with conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(C-TENS) for crossover effect in healthy subjects. Forty subjects recieved ALTENS(20 persons), C-TENS(20 persons) to one upper extremity. Each technic was applied to the motor point of the wrist extensor muscle group for twenty-minutes. With the subject placed in supine the technics were applied at 80 Hz, 2-10 mA(ALTENS) and 10 Hz, 4-12 mA(C-TENS). Results revealed: (1) a significant difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment in each group(p<.05) (2) no significant difference between ALTENS and C-TENS(p>.05). In conclusion, there was no difference between ALTENS and C-TENS for crossover effect.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influnce of afferent stimuli, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultra sound, on the electrdiagnostic study of normal subjects. Electrodiagnostic study was performed before and after the application of afferent stimulation of the right popliteal fossa on 18 healthy female volunteers. After the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, there is no significantly change of latencies and amplitudes of SEP, H-reflex, peroneal nerve F-wave, and sensory nerve conduction. After the ultra sound, there is no significantly change of latencies and amplitudes of SEP, H-reflex, peroneal nerve F-wave, and sensory nerve conduction. Tibial nope F-wave and motor nerve shows prolonged latency after TENS and US (p<0.01). Ultrasound may have a similar mechanism of action compared to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation by having localized inhibitory effects of the peripheral nerve. However, further investigation is needed to assess their mechanism of action and the precise relevance of stimulation modality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation application on the autonomic nervous system of human body. Methods: Participants were seventeen healthy adults. Standard deviation of all normal N-N intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF) were compared in pre and post Mean values after intervention. Data were analyzed in Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test. Results: The results of this study is that sistolic blood pressure and pulse rate decreased mean value after non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. High frequency, low frequency, SDNN, RMSSD increased mean value in heart rate variability after intervention. But that is not significant except for SDNN. Conclusion: Non-invasive vagus stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation effect on parasympathetic nerve stimulation, and then it might be effective method for autonomic nerve balance control.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

Prostaglandins are generated through two isoforms of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2, which is induced at sites of inflammation. Inhibition of COX-2 is desirable as this may avoid side effects seen with NSAIDs. We examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy on the levels of muscle cycloooxygenase-2 mRNA in rats of carrageenan-induced inflammatory. The method of behavioral assessment were paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and tail flick test(TFT). The COX-2 mRNA levels were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy, PWL and TFT were increased and COX-2 mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscles were decreased. These results suggest that a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cold therapy were good therapy for a muscle pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the representative physiotherapical modalities used for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders by the application of electrical stimuli. In dental practice, it has long been used in the treatment of acute and chronic orofacial pain conditions including temporomandibular disorders. TENS is the delivery of therapeutic electrical stimuli with a variety of electrical intensity, frequency and duration to stimulate peripheral nerve through surface electrodes with various form and placement. While controversy still remains over the clinical effectiveness and application of TENS, basic understanding of its electrical properties and the expected biological reactions is important to increase the therapeutic effect and decrease the risk of possible side effects. This review, therefore, focuses on basic understanding of TENS including its underlying mechanisms and stimulation parameters.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

This study conducts eccentric exercise ti non-dominant elbow flexor of 20 persons in order to examine the effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness, induces delayed onset muscle soreness, divides them into 10 persons respectively as experimental and control groups. And a stimulation for 2 min. with 100 pps is given to elbow flexor after repeated three times of 10 minutes rest, temperature, blood pressure and pulse are measured and as a result of two-way ANOVA, change of temperature didn't show a significant difference according to the elapse of times(p>0.05) and systolic pressure and pulses in showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has a direct or indirect influence on sympathetic nerve activity in delayed onset muscle soreness under a restricted condition of electrical stimulation.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.422-428
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• 2012

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.10-14
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• 2016

Among the methods of treating tinnitus, the transcutaneous clectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) method of treating by electrical stimulation is common. However, there is a problem that surgical operation is required to stimulate the vagus nerve (VN) main trunk near most of the bronchus. Alternatively, we found that the same effect could be achieved by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve VN branch (Arnold's nerve) distributed in the outer ear. The TENS system for stimulation of vagus nerve has been developed, but it has not been able to implement to stimulate as a parameter optimized for the patient by simultaneously playing the sound of eliminating the tinnitus frequency. Therefore, in this paper, it is important to develop a safe and practical TENS device for tinnitus treatment based on a 32-bit microprocessor that simultaneously applies non-invasive and notched sounds and to develop optimal treatment methods for treating tinnitus.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.360-368
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• 2006

Recently, performance of the mobile phone has increased dramatically. Due to this, it is possible to integrate various biotechnology. There are many ventures to integrate biotechnology with mobile phone, because of increasement interest of peoples well-being. The transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can Improve the circulation of blood and suppress a pain. To integrate the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with mobile phone, it is necessity to make small, low power, and safe module. In this paper, the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation module is designed and implemented by small boost convertor. The value of tank capacitor, which is the total stimulus energy to human, can be chosen to insure safe condition. The confirm the of operation of designed module, a small micro-controller is used to make system and test the module. The implemented system is small and consumes a low enough power to be integrated with mobile phone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in sympathetic nervous system responses of healthy adult women with changes in stimulus intensity of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (women) received high frequency electrical stimulation of the forearm. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups; a low intensity stimulation group (n=12) and a high intensity stimulation group (n=12). The electrode attachment was arranged on the forearm of the dominant arm and the electricity stimulus time was 20 minutes. Measured items included skin conductance, pulse rate, skin temperature, and respiration rate. Each was measured at 4 times. Results: Skin conductance and skin temperature showed significant group by time interactions, though there were no significant group and time effects. There were no significant differences according to time, group effect, and a group by time interaction in pulse and respiration rates. Conclusion: High frequency and high intensity electrical stimulation may be helpful for the improvement of sudomotor function through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Also, high frequency and low intensity electrical stimulation may be helpful for the reduction of sudomotor function via inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system.