• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2012

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the major histological types of non-small cell lung cancer. Because they differ on the basis of histopathological and clinical characteristics and their relationship with smoking, their etiologies may be different; for example, different tumor suppressor genes may be related to the genesis of each type. We used microarray data to construct three regulatory networks to identify potential genes related to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and investigated the similarity and specificity of them. In the network, some of the observed transcription factors and target genes had been previously proven to be related to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We also found some new transcription factors and target genes related to SCC. The results demonstrated that regulatory network analysis is useful in connection analysis between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2017

Since the composition of proteins from the Korean cultivars of Proso millet is unknown; thereby, the present study was conducted to obtain a reference map of millet seed proteins and identify the functional characteristics of the identified proteins. Proteins extracted from the millet seeds of various cultivars, were investigated using proteomic techniques as 2D electrophoresis coupled with mass fingerprinting. The 1152 (differentially expressed) proteins were detected on 2-D gel. Among them, 26 reproducible protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Out of 26 proteins, 2 proteins were up-regulated towards all cultivars of millet, while 7 proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated against only one cultivar. However, abundance in most identified protein species, associated with metabolism, transcription and transcription was significantly enhanced, while that of another protein species involved in polysaccharide metabolism, stress response and pathogenesis were severely reduced. Taken together, the results observed from the study suggest that the differential expression of proteins from the four cultivars of millet may be cultivar-specific. Taken together, a proteomic investigation of millet seeds from different cultivars, we sought to better understand the genetic variation of millet cultivars representing the future millet research, and the functional categorization of individual proteins on the basis of their molecular function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2017

The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum are commonly used for treating bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes, and other inflammatory diseases. Since the molecular mechanism underlying the roots of the plant is unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted to profile proteins from liquid cultured tetraploid roots of Platycodon grandi orum fl using high throughput proteome approach. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 659 differentially expressed proteins were identified from the liquid medium cultured tetraploid roots of which 32 proteins spots (${\geq}1.5-fold$) were sorted for mass spectrometry analysis. Out of these 32 proteins, a total of 15 proteins were up-regulated such as Serine carboxypeptidase-like 27, Transcription factor bHLH150, 60 kDa jasmonate-induced protein, Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NBP35, Regulatory associated protein of TOR 2 and a total of 17 proteins were down-regulated such as Protein G1-like2, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Fructokinase-2, Trihelix transcription factor GT-3a, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins was carried out within functional categories based on molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes. Functional categorization revealed that the most of the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding, oxidoreductase, transferase activity, protein binding and hydrolase activity. In addition, the proteomic feedback of tetraploid roots of P. grandiflorum may potentially be used to understand the characteristics of proteins and their functions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.537-547
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to understand transcriptional changes in the genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways following castration of bulls. Methods: Twenty Korean bulls were weaned at average 3 months of age, and castrated at 6 months. Liver tissues were collected from bulls (n = 10) and steers (n = 10) of Korean cattle, and hepatic gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We examined hepatic transcription levels of genes encoding enzymes for irreversible reactions in both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis as well as genes encoding enzymes for the utilization of several glucogenic substrates. Correlations between hepatic gene expression and carcass characteristics were performed to understand their associations. Results: Castration increased the mRNA (3.6 fold; p<0.01) and protein levels (1.4 fold; p<0.05) of pyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes (1.7 fold; p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA levels of genes encoding the glycolysis enzymes were not changed by castration. Castration increased mRNA levels of both lactate dehydrogenase A (1.5 fold; p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase B (2.2 fold; p<0.01) genes for lactate utilization. Castration increased mRNA levels of glycerol kinase (2.7 fold; p<0.05) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (1.5 fold; p<0.05) genes for glycerol utilization. Castration also increased mRNA levels of propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta (mitochondrial) (3.5 fold; p<0.01) and acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (1.3 fold; p = 0.06) genes for propionate incorporation. Conclusion: Castration increases transcription levels of critical genes coding for enzymes involved in irreversible gluconeogenesis reactions from pyruvate to glucose and enzymes responsible for incorporation of glucogenic substrates including lactate, glycerol, and propionate. Hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression levels were associated with intramuscular fat deposition.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1 perturbs biological characteristics of host fungi such as vegetative growth, sporulation, pigmentation, and reduction of the virulence (hypovirulence) of its fungal host. To characterize function(s) of FgSWI6 gene during FgV1 infection, targeted deletion, over-expression, and complementation mutants were generated and further infected successfully with FgV1. Deletion of FgSwi6 led to severe reduction of vegetative growth even aerial mycelia while over-expression did not affect any remarkable alteration of phenotype in virus-free isolates. Virus-infected (VI) FgSWI6 deletion isolate exhibited completely delayed vegetative growth. However, VI FgSWI6 over-expression mutant grew faster than any other VI isolates. To verify whether these different growth patterns in VI isolates, viral RNA quantification was carried out using qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, viral RNA accumulations in VI isolates were similar regardless of introduced mutations. These results provide evidence that FgSWI6 might play important role(s) in FgV1 induced phenotype alteration such as delayed vegetative growth.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2015

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is commonly used for the therapy of colon cancer; however, acquired resistance to 5-FU is a critical barrier to successful treatment and the primary cause of chemotherapy failure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process whereby cells undergo alterations in morphology and molecular characteristics promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Accumulating evidence shows that transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype in cancer cells is associated with their resistance to chemotherapy. However, it is still poorly understood whether EMT is involved in acquired resistance to 5-FU. In this study, we developed an in vitro cell model, 5-FU-resistant HT-29 colon cancer cells, and characterized the differences in cellular morphology and molecular alterations between parental and resistant cells. In accord with mesenchymal-like morphology of 5-FU-resistant HT-29 cells, the expression of the mesenchymal marker fibronectin was significantly increased in these cells in comparision with that in the parental cells. Of interest, we also found a marked increase in the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors Twist, Zeb1, and Zeb2. Finally, 5-FU-resistant cells showed enhanced migration in comparison with parental HT-29. Taken together, these results indicate that EMT could be associated with 5-FU resistance acquired by HT-29 cells. A specific role of each transcription factor found in this study will require further investigation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.313-316
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• 2011

We isolated and identified a novel probiotic strain, Lactobacillus sakei proBio65 from Kimchi. To determine whether L. sakei proBio65 has an immunomodulatory effect, we investigated cells via an in vitro screening system which co-cultured freshly isolated mesenteric lymphocyte with probiotics. A significant increase of $Foxp3^+$ transcription regulatory factor expression was observed, followed by an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines transcription regulatory factor. L. sakei proBio65 exhibited high levels of the IL-10/IL-12 production ratio and enhanced Foxp3 expression in vitro. L. sakei proBio65 may thus be therapeutically useful for the modulation of inflammatory immune disorders.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2000

A defensin is an inducible antibacterial peptide from a fleshfly and contains 40 residues basic peptide with six cysteines. For the consiruction of recombinant S cerevisiae expressing defensin, the structural gene coding for active defensin was chemically synthesized and fused in fiam to GAP promoter, MFul preprosequence and the GAL7 transcription terminator, generating a recombinant plasnlid pGMD18. S. ce~evisine 2805 Gells were transror~ned to uracil prototroph by the pGMDl8 arid the transformed cells showing antibacterial activity against 111. luteus TAM1056 were selected by growth inhibition zone assay. The optimal culture conditions for the unprovement of the defensin production of a selected tmdonnant were investigated. The optirmzed medium containing 0.4% yeast extract, 2% corn steep liquor, 2.5% glucose and 0.05% $C_2CO_3$, could be determined and the optimum lemperature. and initial pH could be detennnied as $28^{\circ}C$ and pH 3, ~mpectively. The optimized conditioiis revealed the trvofold Increase in the cell growth and the fourfold in the antibaclerial activity. coinpar-ed with tllc Yl'D medium.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Embryologically, mesodermal development is closely related to the development of various organs such as muscles, blood vessels, and hearts, which are the main organs that make up the body. However, treatment for mesoderm developmental disorders caused by congenital or acquired factors has so far relied on surgery and drug treatment for symptom relief, and more fundamentally, treatment for mesoderm developmental disorders is needed. Methods and Results: In our study, microRNA (miRNA), which plays an important role in the mesoderm development process, was identified and the developmental function was evaluated. miRNAs consist of small nucleotides, which act as transcription factors that bind to the 3' untranslated region and suppressed target gene expression. We constructed the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) knockout cell line and analyzed the function and characteristics of miR-5739, which plays an important role in mesoderm lineage. miR-5739 acts as a transcription factor targeting SMA, Brachyury T, Hand1, which controls muscle proliferation and differentiation, and KDR gene, which regulates vessel formation in vitro. In vivo results suggest a role in regulating muscle proliferation and differentiation. Gene ontology analysis confirmed that the miR-5739 is closely related to genes that regulate muscle and vessel proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, abnormal expression of miR-5739 was detected in somatic cells derived from patients with congenital muscle disease. Conclusions: Our study demonstrate that miR-5739 gene function significantly affects transcriptional circuits that regulate muscle and vascular differentiation during embryonic development.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

Background: Although the frequency of respiratory viral infection in patients with pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not uncommon, clinical significance of the condition remains to be further elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with influenza and other respiratory viruses. Methods: Clinical data of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with respiratory viruses January 2014-June 2018 were reviewed. Respiratory viral infection was identified by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Among 126 patients who underwent multiplex RT-PCR, respiratory viral infection was identified in 46% (58/126): 28 patients with influenza and 30 patients with other respiratory viruses. There was no significant difference in baseline and clinical characteristics between patients with influenza and those with other respiratory viruses. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was more frequent in patients with influenza than in those with other respiratory viruses (32.1% vs 3.3%, p=0.006). Co-bacterial pathogens were more frequently isolated from respiratory samples of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with influenza virus than those with other respiratory viruses. (53.6% vs 26.7%, p=0.036). There were no significant differences regarding clinical outcomes. In multivariate analysis, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II was associated with 30-mortality (odds ratio, 1.158; 95% confidence interval, 1.022-1.312; p=0.022). Conclusion: Respiratory viral infection was not uncommon in patients with pulmonary ARDS. Influenza virus was most commonly identified and was associated with more co-bacterial infection and ECMO therapy.