• Title/Summary/Keyword: Transcranial ultrasonography

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The Technique and Normal Values of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) (Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD)의 시행 방법 및 정상치)

  • Sohn, Young Ho
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 1999
  • Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a new, non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics. Last 10 years, its use in Korea has been dramatically expanded, but the qualification of TCD laboratory has yet to be settled. Since duplex sonography is seldom used in Korea, we have to depend totally on TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes. Thus, all of the available data from every detectabler cerebral arteries has to be obtained for accurate interpretation of TCD measurements. Moreover, flow direction and wave form should be concerned in addition to the flow velocity. In this article, I present technique to measure the anterior, meddle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery siphon and at cervical level, and the vertebral and the basilar artery, and normal values for these measurements which is essential for the adequate interpretation.

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Reference Values of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Measurement and Relation with Change Factor (Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD)의 참고치와 변화 요인들과의 연관성)

  • Jung, Jong-An;Cho, Gook-Ryung;Kim, Nam-Uk;Kang, Chul-Sik;Jeon, Sang-Yun;Hong, Seok
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.709-716
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    • 2007
  • Objective : We present reference values of flow velocities of intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries and relation with change factor. Method : We checked transcranial Doppler ultrasonography on mean velocity, systolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index of 252 patients. We also compared differences of change factor. Result : The result showed a difference by sex and age and relevance between vessels besides mean velocity of vessels related with past history and social history. Conclusion : According to the above results, females showed higher velocity of all vessels. With advancing age, subjects showed reduction in velocity and increase in pulsatility index and resistance index. Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral artery increased in proportion to velocity of internal carotid artery and basilar artery. Vessel velocity correlated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

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Experimental Study on the relationship between Cerebral blood vessel with Meridian by using Transcranial Doppler (TCD(Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography)를 이용한 뇌혈관(腦血管)과 경락(經絡) 관계 연구(硏究))

  • Kyung, Hyuk-su;Kim, Dong-jo;Yoo, Hee-jeong;Kim, Ki-tae;Kong, Kyung-hwan;Lee, Tae-ho
    • The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2005
  • Objective : This study was performed to examine the relationship between cerebral blood vessel with meridian by using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) Method : Monitoring of TCD was examined in 10 healthy people in their twenties (mean age was 26.5±1.00). Each examination was performed before & after acupuncture. Three Meridian were tested. Those were Stomach Meridian, Bladder Meridian & Gallbladder Meridian. Maximum velocity and Mean velocity were analyzed from TCD on different vessel. Result : The results showed significant(p<0.05; Wilcoxon signed rank test) change in some cerebral blood flow after acupuncture. Conclusion : There was the relationship between Meridian and cerebral blood vessel.

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Application of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) for the Diagnosis of Migraine : Preliminary Results (Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography를 이용한 편두통의 진단: 예비연구)

  • Lee, Young-Seok;Kim, Byung-Kun
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.31-35
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    • 1999
  • Dignosis of migraine is only based on the medical history, and objective methods to aid the clinical diagnosisare absent. Although transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) abnormalities in headache-free migraineurs have been reported previously, diagnostic criteria for migraine is still lacking and this may limit the practical application of TCD for migraine. We prospectively studied several abnormal TCD indices in interictal migraineurs and their sensitivity and specificity to define the optimal diagnostic criteria. Young (20 yrs$age=29.0{\pm}6.1yrs$) were compared to 69 controls (M:F=25:44, Mean $age=31.2{\pm}5.5yrs$). Elevated MFV (> 2SD)was observed in 63% of migraineurs while n 12% of control (p<0.01). High AI (>25%) or high HI (>3.0) was present in 17% of migraineurs, while 3% and none in controls (p<0.01). Sensitivity of elevated MFV, high AI, and high HI was 63%, 17%, 17% and specificity was 88%, 97%, 100%, respectively. If all these indices were combined, sensitivity and specificity reached 69% and 86%. These preliminary results suggest pathophysiological implication of vasospasm in interictal migraineurs, and TCD may be practically applicable for migraine. Optimal diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for patients with abnormal TCD findings remain to bo determined.

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Is Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Old-fashioned?: One Institutional Validity Study

  • Han, Pan-Yeal;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Kang, Hee-In;Moon, Byung-Gwan;Lee, Seung-Jin;Kim, Joo-Seung
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 2008
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between various transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography parameters and clinical vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods : This study enrolled 40 patients presented with aneurysmal SAH between September 2006 and August 2007. We measured differences of mean blood flow velocity (BFVm), highest systolic blood flow velocity (BFVh), and Lindegaard ratio (LR) in the middle cerebral artery on TCD examination. These parameters were evaluated for correlation with clinical vasospasm by univariate analysis and the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results : Twelve patients (30%) developed clinical vasospasm. The best TCD parameters for the detection of clinical vasospasm were revealed to be differences of BFVm, BFVh, and LR values between $1^{st}$ TCD test and $3^{rd}$ TCD (7 cm/s. 11.5 cm/s, 0.45 respectively). The positive predictive value of anyone of three parameters was 60% and the negative predictive value was 100%. Conclusion : TCD is still considered a useful tool for screening clinical vasospasm. To confirm the predictive value of the above parameters. further prospective study will be needed.

Correlation of Gender/Age and Measurement Indices of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (경두개 도플러 초음파의 측정지표와 성/연령의 상관성)

  • Jin, Bok-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2010
  • Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) allows measurement of blood flow velocity to be made from the basal intracerebral vessels. Blood flow velocity in TCD is highly affected not only by blood vessel diameter, blood flow volume, blood viscosity, but also age and sex. Therefore, the study is focused on the correlation between TCD measurement index and sex/age. Subjects were 214 (male 147, famale 67) who had TCD for headache and stroke evaluations at Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital neurology department from December 2009 to April 2010. Sex did not show significant differences with mean flow velocity (MFV), peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV), end diastolic flow velocity (EDFV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in middle cerebral artery (MCA). Although age also did not show significant differences with MFV and PSFV, EDFV has statistically decreased with age, and PI and RI has statistically increased with age. In addition, age showed significant correlation with MFV, EDFV, PI and RI, but not with PSFV. Therefore, TCD is definitely correlated with age and sex, so that those influencial factors must be considered when being tested.

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Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) in diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (뇌졸중의 진단에 대한 TCD의 활용 (Brain CT, Brain MRI와 Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography 비교를 통한 뇌졸중 진단의 상호 보완에 관한 연구))

  • Park, Se-Gi;Kang, Myeong-Seog;Jun, Chan-Yong;Park, Chong-Hyeong
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.17 no.1 s.31
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    • pp.171-189
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    • 1996
  • Background and Purpose: The greater part of patients to visit Hospital of Oriental Medicine suffer from cerebrovascular accident(CVA). There is transcranial Doppler(TCD) in the diagnostic method to confirm cerebrovascular accident(CVA). Transcranial Doppler(TCD) is an accurate method of monitoring the blood flow velocities of the cerebral vessels and have been generally used to prevent symptomatic vasospasm and confirm cerebral infarction. So we studied, in the crebrovascular accident(CVA), to estimate whether transcranial Doppler(TCD) is useful to. Methods: Using transcranial doppler(Multigon Model 500M Transcranial Doppler System), we measured the mean and peak velocity and the direction of blood flow in 10 cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subjects who had been examined by Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results : As an anticipation, in cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subject with Cb-infarction, the mean and peak velocity of blood flow fell down remarkably and the direction of blood flow was change or irritable. But didn't find out any signal in lacunar infarction. Also, in case with spontaneous hemorrhage, the velocity and direction of blood flow was change but this signal was short of diagnosis for Cb-hemorrhage. Besides, we found signals about embolism, stenosis, thrombosis and occlusion in cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subjects. Conclusion: In Cb-infarction, the result of TCD was equal to diagnosis with Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). But about lacunar infarction or spontaneous hemorrhage, signals of TCD couldn't be found out or was insufficient more than Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). In cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subject with embolism, stenosis, thrombosis or occlusion, signals of TCD were found out more than Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Therefore transcranial doppler(TCD) is necessary method which makes a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident(CVA), with Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).

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Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Vascular Headaches (혈관성 두통환자에서의 Transcranial Doppler이용)

  • Chung, Chin-Sang;Lee, Hye-Seung
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.76-79
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    • 1999
  • The most significant factor in pathogenesis of vascular headaches like migraine and cluster headache is dynamic changes of diameters of the cerebral arteries. TCD is a valuable noninvasive tool to assess the cerebral hemodynamic status by measuring the flow velocities of the intracranial cerebral arteries around the circle of Willis. TCD can evaluate flow velocities and vasoreactivity of the patients with a vascular headache during the ictal phase as well as during intericatal phase. Distribution of the changes recorded differ between types of headaches and also between the major ictal symptoms. The changes suggest the presence of prolonged vasospasm interictally and more marked relaxation of the cerebral arteries. TCD can be used to monitor the long-term clinical course of patients with vascular headache by correlation the symptomatic improvement and TCD data before and after long-term pharmacological prophylactic treatments. During the ictal phases large intervention. The results may be used in selecting and evaluating the agents for abortive therapy for acute attacks. In conclusion TCD can quantitatively evaluate vascular headaches when making diagnosis and classification and can provide guidelines to choose more individualized therapeutic options for both acute and long-term treatment.

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Effect of Seven Points of CVA Acupuncture on Cerebral Blood Flow (중풍칠처혈(中風七處穴) 자침(刺鍼)이 뇌혈류(腦血流)에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sun-ho;Shin, Kyung-ho;Kim, Jong-uk
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.83-97
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    • 2004
  • Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect acupuncture on cerebral blood flow by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD). Methods : Monitoring of TCD was examined in stroke patients before and after acupuncture on seven points of CVA. Mean Velocity, pulsatility index, systolic velocity, diastolic velocity values are analyzed from TCD at middle cerebral artery. Results : The results showed a insignificant(p>0.05: Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity, pulsatility index, systolic velocity, diastolic velocity, which was measured at normal middle cerebral artery. The results showed a significant($p{\leq}0.05$: Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity, pulsatility index, systolic velocity, which was measured at injuried middle cerebral artery, except diastolic velocity. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture could have a specific effect on injuried cerebral artery.

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Acute pontine infarction in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava

  • Jeong, Da-Eun;Lee, Jun;Hwang, Woosub
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.105-108
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    • 2018
  • Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a common venous anomaly of the thorax and usually drains into the right atrium. Less often it drains into the left atrium and has previously been related to ischemic stroke. We report a case of PLSCV that founded during ischemic stroke evaluation in a 77-year-old woman which was detected on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) with saline agitated test and computed tomography.