• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 1998

The authors examined the condylar position and shape of condylar process from the transcranial radiographs and polytomographs of the 130 temporomandibular joints of 65 patients who complained symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and the followings were obtained; 1. The age and sex distribution of the 65 patients showed peak incidence in 2nd decade (27.7％) followed by 3rd (18.5％) and 4th decade (18.5％) and female predominance (87.7％). 2. In polytomography 64 joints (49.2％) showed consistent condylar position from lateral to medial and 39 joints (30.0％) of them showed agreement with those of transcranial radiographs. Among the 66 joints (50.8％) which showed changes in condylar position. 48 joints (36.9％) showed agreement with lateral and central tomographic and transcranial radiographic position. 41 joints (31.5％) showed disagreement in condylar position between the polytomographic and transcranial radiographic images. 3. When the condylar position was classified as anterior, central and posterior. the posterior position was the most frequent position, that is . 42.3％ of the transcranial radiography and 42.3％.49.2％ and 38.5％ of the lateral, central and medial polytomographic radiographs. 4. In polytomography 84 joints (64.6％) showed consistent condylar shape from lateral to medial and 74 joints (56.9％) of them showed agreement with those of transcranial radiographs. Among the 46 joints (35.4％) which showed changes in condylar shape. 40 joints (30.1％) showed agreement with lateral and central tomographic and transcranial radiographic shape. 41 joints (31.5％) showed disagreement in condylar shape between the polytomographic and transcranial radiographic images.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of various radiographic techniques for mandibular condylar lesions. Erosive lesion, osteophyte and flattening were formed on the artificial mandibular condyle, and panoramic, transcranial, transorbital radiography, lateral and frontal tomography were taken. The results were as follows; 1. The detectability for erosive lesions was superior in the order of frontal tomography(96％), lateral tomography(78％), transorbital(59％), transcranial(16％) and panoramic(48％) radiography. 2. The location of erosive lesion that showed the highest detectability was the medial third in panoramic, the lateral third in transcranial, the central portion of anteroposterior direction in transorbital, the central portion of mediolateral direction and the posterior third in lateral tomography. Frontal tomography disclosed all erosive lesions except one anterolateral lesion. 3. The detectability of osteophyte was 100％ in lateral tomography, 78％ in transcranial and 56％ in panoramic radiography. 4. For flattening, lateral tomography showed the flattened condyle, but both panoramic and transcranial views showed only decreased bone density without the change of condylar shape.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the true projection angles of film-side mandibular condyles in panoramic and transcranial radiographs. Materials and Methods : 52 panoramic and transcranial radiographs of 4 condyles from two human dry mandibles with gradual horizontal and vertical angle changes were taken. The results were compared with the standard panoramic and transcranial radiographs and the identical pairs were selected. Results and Conclusion : Panoramic radiography projected 10 degrees to the film-sided condyles both horizontally and vertically. Transcranial radiography projected 15 degrees to the film-sided condyles vertically. The medial and lateral poles were not forming the outline of condylar images in both projections when the horizontal angles of condyles were not sufficiently big enough.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.3 s.42
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• pp.405-414
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• 1993

Among the radiographs for temporomandibular joint, transcranial radiograph is widely used for screening and diagnosing temporomandibular disorder because it has sharp image and it is easy to take. This study was performed to compare condylar position and image sharpness in standard and individually corrected transcranial radiographs using Accurad-200 headholder. Submentovertex view, Reverse-Towne view, Standard and individually corrected transcranial radiographs of 45 university students who were randomly selected were traced, measured and analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. The means of condylar axes and lateral slopes were $16.8^{\circ}\;and\;22.5^{\circ}$ respectively. There were no differences between male and female or right and left side. 2. Individually corrected radiographs showed smaller posterior joint ,space and larger anterior joint space than standard radiographs, but superior joint space did net show a statistical difference between standard and individually corrected radiographs. 3. While a large number$(42.2\%)$ of the standard radiographs showed concentric condylar position, lots of(57.8) condylar positions were retropositioned in the individually corrected radiographs. 4. The image sharpness was inferior in the individually corrected radiographs to that of the standard radiographs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the difference of the movement of the mandibular condyles between trans cranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs to view the movement of the mandibular condyles. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four paired transcranial and panoramic TMJ radiographs of patients were used to evaluate the movement of the mandibular condyle. The distances, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, were measured. The measurements were taken at closed state and maximum opening state of each radiograph on both side. Differences between matched pairs were analysed by paired t-test, with significance established at P<0.05. Results and Conclusion: The mean distance, from the most superior point of the mandibular condyle to the most inferior point of the articular eminence on both radiographs, was statistically different at each side (P<0.05). At closing state, the mean distance measured on panoramic TMJ radiographs was longer than on transcranial radio-graphs (0.85 mm at right side, 1.20 mm at left side). But at maximum opening state, the mean distance on transcranial radiographs was longer (1.00 mm at right side, 0.62 mm at left side) than panoramic TMJ radiographs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between joint sounds and radiographic bone change patterns along with clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) patients. Methods: The patients for this study were over 19 years of age, diagnosed tentatively with TMJ OA. The patients were examined with temporomandibular disorders analysis test and all three radiographs, including panoramic radiography, transcranial radiography, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Information of the patients' age, pain status, joint sound and mouth opening range were collected. And bone change pattern was examined by reviewing panoramic radiography, transcranial radiography and CBCT images. Results: The patients with crepitus had a higher average active mouth opening (AMO) range than patients without crepitus, and the group with bilateral crepitus had a higher average AMO range than the group with unilateral crepitus (p<0.001). And the patient with pain during mastication was increased in the group with clicking than the group without clicking, and the group with bilateral clicking showed a statistically significant increase in the patient with pain during mastication than the group with unilateral clicking (p<0.05). The analytical results of the relevance of crepitus showed a high correlation with bone change observed from each of the three radiographs. And the agreement in bone change findings from 3 groups of paired radiographs showed high agreement (p<0.001). Meanwhile, 77.2% of CBCT findings showed bone change of condyle without crepitus (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study presented significant results in the evaluation of the correlation with crepitus and bone change of TMJ OA patients from panoramic radiography or transcranial projection. However, the accurate assessment is required through CBCT for the patient with complains of persistent pain, limitation of mouth opening, and occlusal change even if the crepitus does not exist.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transcranial radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the assessment of osseous changes of the condylar head and articular eminence. Materials and Methods: Osseous changes of the TMJ were evaluated in forty-three patients. Osseous changes of the condylar head and articular eminence were observed in 41 joints and 64 joints, respectively on transcranial radiographs, and 48 joints and 59 joints, respectively on MRI. Results: The flattening, sclerosis, erosion, and osteophyte formation of the condylar heads were observed in 36.6%, 43.9%, 12.2%, and 7.3%, respectively on transcranial radiographs compared with 35.4%, 20.8%, 37.5%, and 6.3%, respectively on MRI. While, the flattening, sclerosis, and erosion of the articular eminences were observed in 26.6%, 67.2%, and 6.2%, respectively on transcranial radiographs compared with 32.2%, 59.3%, and 8.5%, respectively on MRI. Conclusion: There were no statistical differences between transcranial radiographs and MRI scans in the detection of osseous changes of the TMJ. However, MRI scans were superior to the transcranial radiographs in the detection of erosion of the condylar head (p<0.01).

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.42 no.2 s.417
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• pp.84-89
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• 2004

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.2 s.115
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• pp.136-144
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine whether association exists between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characteristics in transcranial radiographs and TMJ internal derangement and to evaluate the validity of transcranial radiographs in diagnosis of internal derangement. Transcranial radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 113 TMJs from 76 subjects were used for this study and all TMJs were classified into 3 groups according to the results of MRI: normal disk position, disk displacement with reduction, and disk displacement without reduction. Transcranial analysis included linear measurement of joint spaces and condylar head angle measurement. To determine any relationship between transcranial measurements according to disk displacement, one-way ANOVA was used. The results showed that condyle-fossa relationship in standard transcranial radiographs had no relationships with disk displacement. And, as disk displacement progressed, condylar angle between head and neck increased significantly. This result can be interpreted that condylar head angle reflects structural hard tissue change according to internal derangement progress. But this is insufficient in the determination of internal derangement. Therefore, although still clinically helpful, the validity of standard transcranial radiographs to diagnose TMJ internal derangement was questioned.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.353-365
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• 1991

The author analyzed and compared tomographs with lateral oblique transcranial radiographs of 60 temporomandibular joints from 30 asymptomatic young adults. The results were as follows: 1. The mean height & width of condylar head were 6.82±1.99㎜, 11.98±1.28㎜ in tomographs and 5.41±0.79㎜, 10.67±1.28㎜ in transcranial radiographs. The mean height of articular fossa was 10.19±1.60㎜ in tomographs and 8.44±1.65㎜ in transcranial radiographs. 2. The mean width of articular fossa was 20.71 ±2.98㎜ in tomographs and 17.47±2.58㎜ in transcranial radiographs. There were significant differences in both the height and the width of articular fossa between two radiographic techniques (P<0.01). 3. In centric occlusion, the superior joint spaces were 4.28±1.09㎜, 4.18±1.28㎜, the anterior joint spaces were 2.84±1.02㎜, 2.53±0.72㎜, the posterior joint spaces were 3.11±1.19㎜, 2.66±0.89㎜ in tomographs and transcranial radiographs respectively. There were significant differences in right posterior joint spaces (P<0.05), and posterior joint spaces (P<0.05) between two radiographic techniques. 4. The condylar position in articular fossa was displaced posteroinferiorly (-0.35±4.40㎜ posteriorly, -1.55±1.24㎜ inferiorly) in tomographs and anteroinferiorly (0.45±3.77㎜ anteriorly, -1.29±1.26㎜ inferiorly) in transcranial radiographs with 1 inch opening. In maximum opening, it was displaced anteroinferiorly (5.39±3.63㎜ anteriorly, -1.22±1.67㎜ inferiorly) in tomographs and anteroinferiorly (6.35±4.00㎜ anteriorly, -0.55 ±1.98㎜ inferiorly) in transcranial radiographs. There was significant difference in superoinferior positions of both condyles with maximum opening between two radiographic techniques (P<0.05).