• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Time-series forecasting is extensively used in the actual world. Recent research has shown that Transformers with a self-attention mechanism at their core exhibit better performance when dealing with such problems. However, most of the existing Transformer models used for time series prediction use the traditional encoder-decoder architecture, which is complex and leads to low model processing efficiency, thus limiting the ability to mine deep time dependencies by increasing model depth. Secondly, the secondary computational complexity of the self-attention mechanism also increases computational overhead and reduces processing efficiency. To address these issues, the paper designs an efficient multi-layer attention-based time-series forecasting model. This model has the following characteristics: (i) It abandons the traditional encoder-decoder based Transformer architecture and constructs a time series prediction model based on multi-layer attention mechanism, improving the model's ability to mine deep time dependencies. (ii) A cross attention module based on cross attention mechanism was designed to enhance information exchange between historical and predictive sequences. (iii) Applying a recently proposed sparse attention mechanism to our model reduces computational overhead and improves processing efficiency. Experiments on multiple datasets have shown that our model can significantly increase the performance of current advanced Transformer methods in time series forecasting, including LogTrans, Reformer, and Informer.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.179-183
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• 2020

Seligman argues that an optimistic athlete wins based on a study of US professional baseball and professional basketball players.(trans. Choi, 2008). So, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether optimism can predict the performance of badminton youth representatives. 60 high school students were divided into two groups according to their performance. We used the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) developed by Scheier, Carver and Bridges(1994) and translated into Korean version by Shin Hyun-sook(2005). For this study, the data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and independent t - test. As a result, there was a statistically significant higher level of optimism in the excellent group than in the non-excellent group. So, in order to improve sports performance, we need psychological skills training that can improve optimism as well as physical training and skills training.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1059-1075
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• 1997

The transprot layer protocol for distrubuted multimedia applications in high speed network should gurantee the Quality of Serivce(QoS)requested by uwer.,The QoS Parmenters can be divied into two calssifications:those depend on the speed of a network such as bandiwidth,end-to-end transmission delay and throughput;and net- woek independent parameters such as various typed of group communications, retransmission method based on multimeda characteristic,acceptable packet wrror rate and transmission priority.In this proposed protocol,we divided user's QoS into performance redated parmeters and non-performance related parameters.The perform- ance-related paramenters are mapped into ATM traddic paramenters by the Distributed QoS Manger(DQM),the QoS manager,and the non-performance redlted paramenters are supported by the Distributed Multimedia Trans-port protocol(DMTP),a high-performance group transport protocol.Especially,becaues the DMTP is designed with considering the IP protocol,it can be efficiently used as an underlying protocol not onlu in ATM,but also in Ethernet,Token ring and FDDI LAN.

• Trans-
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• v.5
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• pp.65-82
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• 2018

What distinguishes Impression Liu Sanjie, directed by Zhang yimou from other stage performances lies in its use of space. Firstly, it breaks the regular way of performing in a limited theater space but instead, impression Liu sanjie bases the stage activities on the real nature scenery. Secondly, it promotes the local culture by combining the unique color effect of the particular nature scenery with its use of the scenery's natural space, with an aesthetic precision. In another word, Impression Liu Sanjie is not a simple performance set on the natural scenery but more of a promotion to the local culture, through the concept of "environment friend" between human and nature, which is brought by mixing the unique color of natural scenery and its natural space. This research analyzes the Impression Liu Sanjie's use of space basing on Proxemics by Edward T Hall. Impression Liu Sanjie adapts its character from a folk tale, employs the form of natural scenery performance, and at the same time to the largest extent throughout its creating process respects the local culture and its natural space. As a result, the performance presents the idea of "environmentally friendly".

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

Four ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 43 days in milk (DIM) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to determine the effect of feeding extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed on ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profile. One hundred and twenty lactating Holstein cows, 58 (${\pm}31$) DIM, were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized block design to study the effects of the three types of oilseeds on production parameters and milk fatty acid profile. The four diets were a control diet (CON) and three diets in which 10% extruded soybean (ESB), 5% ground canola seed (GCS) and 10% whole cottonseed (WCS) were included, respectively. Diets consisted of concentrate mix, corn silage and Chinese wild rye and were balanced to similar concentrations of CP, NDF and ADF. Ruminal fermentation results showed that ruminal fermentation parameters, dry matter intake and milk yield were not significantly affected by treatments. However, compared with the control, feeding cows with the three oilseed diets reduced C14:0 and C16:0 and elevated C18:0 and C18:1 concentrations in milk, and feeding ESB increased C18:2 and cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Production results showed that feeding ESB tended to increase actual milk yield (30.85 kg/d vs. 29.29 kg/d) and significantly decreased milk fat percentage (3.53% vs. 4.06%) compared with CON. Milk protein (3.41%) and solid non-fat (13.27%) from cows fed WCS were significantly higher than from cows fed CON (3.24% and 12.63%, respectively). Milk urea N concentrations from cows fed the ESB (164.12 mg/L) and GCS (169.91 mg/L) were higher than cows fed CON (132.31 mg/L). However, intake of DM, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat and protein yields, milk lactose percentage and yield, somatic cell count and body condition score were not affected by different treatments. The proportion of medium-chain fatty acid with 14 to 16 C units in milk was greatly decreased in cows fed ESB, GCS and WCS. Feeding ESB increased the concentration in milk of C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and cis9, trans11-CLA content by 16.67%, 37.36%, 95.24%, 72.22%, respectively, feeding GCS improved C18:0 and C18:1 by 17.41% and 33.28%, respectively, and feeding WCS increased C18:0 by 31.01% compared with feeding CON. Both ruminal fermentation and production trial results indicated that supplementation of extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed could elevate the desirable poly- and monounsaturated fatty acid and decrease the medium chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid content of milk fat without negative effects on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2018

This study introduces the R&D project of development of the 1st LNG bunkering barge in Korea. The Design and pilot test of Barge-To-Ship 500cbm LNG bunkering barge system for coastal trading LNG-fueled ship is proposed. The following technologies will be developed from the project ; Basic/Detail design and pilot test of LNG Bunkering barge system, Basic/Detail design and pilot test of LNG bunkering process system considering LNG loading/unloading, Basic/Detail design and pilot test of 500cbm LNG tank in type-C, Evaluation of bunkering performance according to conditions (environment, SIMOPs) by numerical simulation, Performance evaluation of bunkering barge, towed barge and Barge-To-Ship motion considering ocean environment load, and scenario in Barge-To-Ship LNG bunkering. This project will contribute expansion to LNG-fueled ship industry and pave the way to establish LNG bunkering hub port.

• Trans-
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• v.4
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• pp.1-36
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• 2018

This paper summarizes some of the contents of the 7th International Symposium "Classical Art and Digital" of the Transmedia Institute(TMI), held on October 31, 2017. The purpose of this year's International Symposium was to look back on the genre and the aesthetic history of classical art and to create a place for discourse about the recognition of classical art in the modern digital era. In the first part of the discussion about the duplication of the original and virtual imitation, three presentations on "Visual Image Art and Digital" were introduced. The conclusion of this first discussion is summarized by urging the movement of viewpoint as 'systematic change of the routine aesthetic process'. In the second part on "Performing Arts and Digital", we realize that we need to definitize the 'new directive term system' necessary for the era of digital convergence and performance. In this process we can refer to the need for the emergence of a new aesthetic basis. Two papers in the second part of the paper will introduce the study of 'dance' performance. Some of these studies are reintroduced at the conclusion. The theme of this year's International Symposium can be expected to provide a foothold for the forthcoming second 'Laocoon sculpture argue'. In short, behind the various controversies in the history of aesthetics, this year's conference is concluded with a call for the need to flexibly read the enormous flow of 'art' and 'mental heritage left by art'. It is said that this year's international conferences are presenting the basis of practical and systematic theories for the upcoming fusion media era.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study examines the performance changes of road networks according to the strength of a disaster, and proposes a method for estimating the quantitative resilience according to the road-network performance changes and damage scale. This study also selected high-influence road sections, according to disasters targeting the road network, and aimed to analyze their hazard resilience from the network aspect through a scenario analysis of the damage recovery after a disaster occurred. METHODS : The analysis was conducted targeting Sejong City in South Korea. The disaster situation was set up using the TransCAD and VISSIM traffic-simulation software. First, the study analyzed how road-network damage changed the user's travel pattern and travel time, and how it affected the complete network. Secondly, the functional aspects of the road networks were analyzed using quantitative resilience. Finally, based on the road-network performance change and resilience, priority-management road sections were selected. RESULTS : According to the analysis results, when a road section has relatively low connectivity and low traffic, its effect on the complete network is insignificant. Moreover, certain road sections with relatively high importance can suffer a performance loss from major damage, for e.g., sections where bridges, tunnels, or underground roads are located, roads where no bypasses exist or they exist far from the concerned road, including entrances and exits to suburban areas. Relatively important roads have the potential to significantly degrade the network performance when a disaster occurs. Because of the high risk of delays or isolation, they may lead to secondary damage. Thus, it is necessary to manage the roads to maintain their performance. CONCLUSIONS : As a baseline study to establish measures for traffic prevention, this study considered the performance of a road network, selected high-influence road sections within the road network, and analyzed the quantitative resilience of the road network according to scenarios. The road users' passage-pattern changes were analyzed through simulation analysis using the User Equilibrium model. Based on the analysis results, the resilience in each scenario was examined and compared. Sections where a road's performance loss had a significant influence on the network were targeted. The study results were judged to become basic research data for establishing response plans to restore the original functions and performance of the destroyed and damage road networks, and for selecting maintenance priorities.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

Uniformity of spray deposit is one of the important factors in spray performance affecting efficacy of pest management. Distributions of spray deposit on artificial targets were measured and analyzed to enhance the efficiency of spray application. The research was studied to understand the deposition characteristics of spray droplets and to determine the optimum conditions of chemical application. The deposit and its pattern by the lower fan speed was more uniform and higher than that by the higher fan speed. The upward blasting distance was limited within 3 m, but the limit to the ground level was expanded the distance more than 3.5 m because of the accumulated droplets. When the fan speed was higher at the distance of 2.5 m, deposit reached to maximum. When the distance increased, deposit was getting lower. At the both fan speeds, the deposit was concentrated below $30^{\circ}$ because of the gravitation and the resistance of wind. This research can be useful in designing an orchard sprayer and its operation for various tree canopies. To achieve a uniform distribution of deposit using the air-blast type orchard sprayer, the application rate from the middle boom should be increased as the air velocity to the upward increased. The spray rate to the side boom should be limited in a minimal level.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.5 s.106
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• pp.407-418
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• 2004

There are several different types of continuously variable transmission(CVT) such as toroidal drive, belt drive, hydrostatic drive, hydro-mechanical drive. The toroidal CVT is an alternative to the manual transmission, HST, power-shift gear trans-missions or other CVTs. The driver of the CVT tractor doesn't have to operate a shia lever since the CVT controller automatically controls the speed of tractor. Thus, it is much easier to operate the CVT tractor. The fuel efficiency of CVT tractor can be increased since the controller responds quickly to the change in external load on the wheel during field operation. This study was conducted to develop the hardwares and softwares for the toroidal CVT controller which control the variator and the range clutches. The hardware consisted of a measurement system, hydraulic system and computer. And the PID controller was developed using the simulation model of the CVT control system. Through the simulation, the control coefficients for the PID controller were selected. Finally, the performance of the CVT control system was evaluated by step response test and torque response test. The settling time of the CVT control system appeared to be fast enough for field operations.