• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1985

A method of weighting of a staggered pulse train is presented and an improvement per-formance of the signal-to-noise ratio for each case is compared. As the result of a computer simulation, the signal-to-noise ratio for weighting of a stagger-ed pulse train is a great improvement on the case of an uniform pulse train. The signal-to-noise ratio of optimum weighting is more improved than that of binomial weighting, it is known that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved as the increasing of the number of delay line cancellers, and it is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by weighting of the MTI output pulses before the integration process.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.463-470
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• 2000

The challenge to be faced in public transportation today is to satisfy human needs with the least delay, with the smallest number of accidents, and with the most economic use of energy, space, materials, man-power and money. One possible solution may lie in city train system, including AGT system. Specially, Passenger space in AGT is important to balance the budget of layout with passenger's satisfaction. This study focuses on lay-out and space, comfort which should be considered from the conceptual design stage of the interior layout work. Traditionally, the interior layout of the passenger room has emphasized ridequality and style. However, as the train becomes more prevalent and versatile, the focus also tends to shift toward layout and space to have comfortable circumstances. After all, the purpose of this research focused on arrangement a rational interior layout of the train through ergonomics research. Finally, the key was ensuring the comfortable environment based on cultural background of the passenger.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This paper proposes a method to extend Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) canceling Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receivers for 5G mobile systems to spatial multiplexing 2×2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems to support high-speed ground transportation services by linear motor cars traveling at 500 km/h. In Japan, linear-motor high-speed ground transportation service is scheduled to begin in 2027. To expand the coverage area of base stations, 5G mobile systems in high-speed moving trains will have multiple base station antennas transmitting the same downlink (DL) signal, forming an expanded cell size along the train rails. 5G terminals in a fast-moving train can cause the forward and backward antenna signals to be Doppler-shifted in opposite directions, so the receiver in the train may have trouble estimating the exact channel transfer function (CTF) for demodulation. A receiver in such high-speed train sees the transmission channel which is composed of multiple Doppler-shifted propagation paths. Then, a loss of sub-carrier orthogonality due to Doppler-spread channels causes ICI. The ICI Canceller is realized by the following three steps. First, using the Demodulation Reference Symbol (DMRS) pilot signals, it analyzes three parameters such as attenuation, relative delay, and Doppler-shift of each multi-path component. Secondly, based on the sets of three parameters, Channel Transfer Function (CTF) of sender sub-carrier number n to receiver sub-carrier number l is generated. In case of n≠l, the CTF corresponds to ICI factor. Thirdly, since ICI factor is obtained, by applying ICI reverse operation by Multi-Tap Equalizer, ICI canceling can be realized. ICI canceling performance has been simulated assuming severe channel condition such as 500 km/h, 8 path reverse Doppler Shift for QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM modulations. In particular, 2×2MIMO QPSK and 16QAM modulation schemes, BER (Bit Error Rate) improvement was observed when the number of taps in the multi-tap equalizer was set to 31 or more taps, at a moving speed of 500 km/h and in an 8-pass reverse doppler shift environment.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2010

Recently, there are many problems of service qualities such as regular-rapid-safe -comfortable transport, that was traditionally advantages in urban railway transportations. These problems cause train delays that affects consecutive schedule, capacity, operation plans, and it is hard to prevent the propagation of delay and find the recovery solution. Because the urban transport demands is continuously increased and the railway service is also expanded, the railway operation company makes efforts to improve operation performance and efficiency for passengers. In this paper, we analyse the issues and problems existing in the major operation line of high-density urban railways, and suggest the development direction of intelligent operation technology to improve the urban railway service by minimizing the occurrence and propagation of delay. And the result of numerical case study is also presented.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4762-4767
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• 2012

열차의 위치를 검지하고 열차내연산(DTG)을 위한 각종 열차제어데이터를 차상으로 전송하는 AF궤도회로장치는 단일계로 구성되어 있다. 만약, 고장이 발생할 경우 선로전환기 및 신호기제어가 불가능하여 시스템이 복구되기까지 기관사에 의해 수동으로 열차를 운전하여야 한다. 이 과정에서 인적 오류는 열차지연, 충돌, 탈선 등 치명적인 안전사고 발생요인으로 작용한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 고장모드마다 시스템과 열차에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 고장평점 및 고장등급을 계량화하였다. 계량화된 분석결과를 토대로 전원장치 독립설치, 증폭PCB의 결함콘덴서 원인분석 및 교체, 저항자 냉각시스템설치, 작업방법개선을 통해 고장발생건수 감소 및 신뢰성의 척도인 평균고장간격(MTBF)의 증가와 평균복구간격(MTTR)이 감소되었다. 그리고, 지금까지 경험에 의한 유지보수체계를 계량화된 방법에 의해 예측정비를 수행토록 하여 AF 궤도회로에 대한 신뢰성을 향상할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.236-246
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• 2003

This paper is implemented a control algorithm in order to be stable and minimized to entire train traffic system at delayed case. Signal ing system is described wi th algebraic equations given for train headway, Discrete-event simulation principles are reviewed and a demonstration block signaling model using the technique is implemented. Train congestion at station entrance for short headway operation is demonstrated and the propagation of delays along a platform of trains from any imposed delay to the leading train is also shown. A rail way signaling system is by nature a distributed operation with event triggered at discrete intervals. Although the train kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration are continually changing, the changes are triggered when the trains pass over section boundaries and arrive at signals and route switches. This paper deals with linear-mode1ing, stability and optimal control for the traffic on such metro line of the model is reconstructed in order to adapt the circuits. This paper propose optimal control laws wi th state feedback ensuring the stability of the modeled system for circuits. Simulation results show the benefit to be expected from an efficient traffic control. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In this paper we develop a linear model describing the traffic for both loop lines, two state space equations have been analyzed. The first one is adapted to the situation where a complete nominal time schedule is available while second one is adapted when only the nominal time interval between trains is known, in both cases we show the unstability of the traffic when the proceeding train is delayed following properties, - They are easily implemented at law cost on existing lines. - They ensure the exponetial stability of loop system. 2. These control laws have been tested on a traffic simulation software taking into the non-linearites and the physical constraints on a metro line. By means of simulation, the efficiency of the proposed optimal control laws are shown.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2007

철도건널목 인근 신호교차로에서 우선신호의 주목적은 열차가 철도건널목에 도착하기 전에 철도건널목 위의 대기차량을 가능한 신속하게 소거시켜 열차와 철도건널목위의 차량 간의 충돌을 미연에 방지시키는 것이기 때문에, 신호교차로에서의 보행자의 안전이나 차량의 지체시간에 악영향을 미치는 것에는 그다지 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 그로인해, 현재의 우선신호 방법론은 철도건널목 인근 신호교차로에서의 보행자 안전과 교차로의 효율적인 운영에 있어서 심각한 문제를 내재하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 배경 하에 최근 기존의 표준 우선신호의 문제점을 보완한 전위 우선신호 전략(Transition Preemption Strategy, TPS)이 개발되었는데, 이는 표준 우선신호를 개선한 신호 운영전략으로 현재 철도건널목의 안전수준을 유지하는 동시에 인근 신호교차로의 안전성을 향상시킨 것이다. 하지만, 이 또한 교차로의 효율적인 운영측면은 고려하지 않았고, 또한 열차 도착예측치의 오차를 고려하지 않아 여전히 문제점을 내포하고 있었다. 이 에, TPS의 문제점을 보완하여 개선된 전위 우선신호 전략(Improved Transition Preemption Strategy, ITPS)이 개발되었고, 이는 TPS를 개선한 신호 운영전략으로 현재 철도건널목의 안전수준을 유지하는 동시에 인근 신호교차로의 안전과 효율성을 향상시킨 것이다. ITPS가 철도건널목 인근 신호교차로의 안전과 효율을 개선하는 효과는 있었지만, 이 전략은 차량 및 보행자 교통량, 열차 도착시간 예측오차, 열차속도 등 여러 가지의 요인에 의해 여전히 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 ITPS를 현장에서 실현하기 위해서는 이런 요소들의 영향을 이해하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 이 중에서 VISSIM 시뮬레이션 모델을 이용하여 열차속도의 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 표준 운선신호나 TPS로 우선신호를 운영할 경우 열차의 속도가 신호교차로의 안전에 영향을 줄 수 있으나, ITPS의 경우에는 교차로 안전상의 문제가 발생하지 않았고, 열차의 속도가 높아질수록 교차로의 지체는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2011

There are two methods for train control in information transmission by using track circuit system and installing wayside transmitter. Information signal is transmitted to the on-board antenna by using rails. Continuous information about train intervals, speed and route is received by on-board antenna in AF track circuit system. The information signal is included with carrier wave and received by magnetic coupling in the on-board antenna. Therefore, it is important to define standard current level in the AF track circuit system. When current flowed to rails is low, magnetic sensors are not operated by decreasing magnetic field intensity. Hence, SNR is decreased because electric field intensity is decreased. When the SNR is decreased, there is the serious influence of noise upon demodulation. So, the frequency of information signal is not extracted in frequency response. Thus, it is possible to happen to train accident and delay as the information signal is not analyzed in the on-board antenna. In this paper, standard energy density is calculated by using Parseval's theory in UM71c track circuit. Hence, detection time of information signal is presented.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.841-846
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• 2000

The compression wave produced when a high-speed train enters a tunnel propagates along the tunnel ahead of the train. The micro pressure wave related to He compression wave is a special physics Phenomena created by high-speed train-tunnel interfaces. On this work, the method for reducing the micro pressure wave is to delay the gradient of the compression wave by using aerodynamic structures. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum angle of the slanted portal using the moving model rig. According to the results of the present study, the maximum value of micro pressure wave is reduced by 19.2% fer the $45^{\circ}$ slanted portal installed at the entrance of the tunnel and reduced by 41.9% far the $45^{\circ}$ slanted portals at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. Also it is reduced by 34.6% for the $30^{\circ}$ slanted portals installed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.582-596
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• 2019

Considering that the existing Long Term Evolution is not suitable for the fast and frequent handovers of high-speed trains, this paper proposes a relay-assisted handover mechanism to solve the problems of long handover authentication time and vulnerable to security attacks. It can achieve mutual authentication for train-ground wireless communication, and data transmission is consistent with one-time pad at the same time. The security analysis, efficiency analysis and simulation results show that the proposed mechanism not only realizes the forward security and resists many common attacks, but also effectively reduces the computational overhead of train antenna during the secure handover process. When the running speed of a train is lower than 500km/h, the handover delay is generally lower than 50ms and the handover outage probability is less than 1.8%. When the running speed of a train is 350km/h, the throughput is higher than 16.4mbps in the process of handover. Therefore, the secure handover mechanism can improve the handover performance of high-speed trains.