• 소음진동
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2010

Many methodologies have been explored to reduce helicopter vibration. Trailing edge flaps for such a purpose have been studied for the past twenty years. A brief overview of the introduction of active vibration controls using trailing edge flaps and smart actuators is presented in series. This is the fourth article, in which a piezoelectric resonant actuation system with a buckling-beam motion amplifier for active trailing edge flaps is presented.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.263-278
• /
• 2013

The fatigue load of a turbine blade has become more important because the size of commercial wind turbines has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The reduction of the fatigue load can result in an increase in operational efficiency. This paper numerically investigates the load reduction of large wind turbine blades using active aerodynamic load control devices, namely trailing edge flaps. The PD and LQG controllers are used to determine the trailing edge flap angle; the difference between the root bending moment and its mean value during turbulent wind conditions is used as the error signal of the controllers. By numerically analyzing the effect of the trailing edge flaps on the wind turbines, a reduction of 30-50% in the standard deviation of the root bending moment was achieved. This result implies a reduction in the fatigue damage on the wind turbines, which allows the turbine blade lengths to be increased without exceeding the designed fatigue damage limit.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2007

The aeroelastic analysis of rotor blades with trailing edge flaps, focused on reducing vibration while minimizing control effort, are investigated using large deflection-type beam theory in forward flight. The rotor blade aerodynamic forces are calculated using two-dimensional quasi-steady strip theory. For the analysis of forward flight, the nonlinear periodic blade steady response is obtained by integrating the full finite element equation in time through a coupled trim procedure with a vehicle trim. The objective function, which includes vibratory hub loads and active flap control inputs, is minimized by an optimal control process. Numerical simulations are performed for the steady-state forward flight of various advance ratios. Also, numerical results of the steady blade and flap deflections, and the vibratory hub loads are presented for various advance ratios and are compared with the previously published analysis results obtained from modal analysis based on a moderate deflection-type beam theory.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2008

An innovative method of changing a centrifugal low specific speed pump performance and pressure fluctuation by applying outlet flaps to impeller exit has been investigated. The outlet blade edge section corresponds to the trailing edge of wing on the circular-cascade, which dominates the pump performance and pressure fluctuation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the entire impeller and volute casing and an experimental investigation are conducted. The pressure fluctuation and the vibration of the shaft are measured simultaneously. Kurtosis is applied as a dimensionless parameter with which the unevenness of velocity distribution at impeller outlet is indicated. The influence of the flaps on the pressure fluctuation is explained by the kurtosis. This paper presents a theoretical method of predicting the pump performance related to the attachment of a flap at impeller outlet.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.311-328
• /
• 2017

The characteristics of boundary layers have significant effects on the aerodynamic forces and vibration of the wind turbine blade. The incorporation of active trailing edge flaps (ATEF) into wind turbine blades has been proven as an effective control approach for alleviation of load and vibration. This paper is aimed at investigating the effects of external trailing edge flaps on the flow pattern and velocity distribution within a boundary layer of a NREL 5MW reference wind turbine, as well as designing a new type of velocity sensors for future validation measurements. An aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulation with FAST-AeroDyn code was conducted on the entire wind turbine structure and the modifications were made on turbine blade sections with ATEF. The results of aeroelastic-aerodynamic simulations were combined with the results of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations. From these, the velocity profile of the boundary layer as well as the thickness variation with time under the influence of a simplified load case was calculated for four different blade-flap combinations (without flap, with $-5^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, and $+5^{\circ}$ flap). In conjunction with the computational modeling of the characteristics of boundary layers, a bio-inspired hair flow sensor was designed for sensing the boundary flow field surrounding the turbine blades, which ultimately aims to provide real time data to design the control scheme of the flap structure. The sensor element design and performance were analyzed using both theoretical model and finite element method. A prototype sensor element with desired bio-mimicry responses was fabricated and validated, which will be further refined for integration with the turbine blade structures.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2000

Wing flap deflection angles of a supersonic transport are optimized to improve transonic cruise performance. For this end, a numerical optimization method is adopted using a three-dimensional unstructured Euler code and a discrete adjoint code. Deflection angles of ten flaps; five for leading edge and five fur railing edge, are employed as design variables. The elliptic equation method is adopted for the interior grid modification during the design process. Interior grid sensitivities are neglected for efficiency. Also tested is the validity of the approximate gradient evaluation method for the present design problem and found that it is applicable for loading edge flap design in cases of no shock waves on the wing surface. The BFGS method is used to minimize the drag with constraints on the lift and upper surface Mach numbers. Two design examples are conducted; one is leading edge flap design, and the other is simultaneous design of leading edge and trailing edge flaps. The latter gave a smaller drag than the former by about two counts.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.337-345
• /
• 2008

연구에서는 NACA4412익형으로 이루어진 주날개에 NACA0012플랩이 장착된 아음속 벽면효과 모형(SWIM)의 날개 표면 3차원 압력 분포를 압력감응페인트를 이용하여 시험적으로 연구하였다. 한국항공우주연구원의 아음속 풍동에서 레이놀즈수 3.1x105의 조건에서 시험 모형의 받음각 변화에 따른 날개 윗면 및 아랫면의 압력 분포를 측정하였다. 그 결과 받음각이 증가함에 따라 날개 윗면에서의 최저 압력 지점이 뿌리에서 끝단으로 이동을 하는 것을 관찰하였고, 날개 끝단의 뒷전에서도 끝단 와류를 일으키는 압력이 매우 낮은 지점도 관찰되었다. 그러나 실속각 이후인 받음각 15도의 경우 끝단 뒷전에서는 압력이 낮은 지점이 계속 관찰되었으나 그 이외의 부분은 스팬 방향 압력 분포가 편평하였다. 압력감응페인트와 더불어 압력공을 사용하여 날개의 코드 방향 2차원 압력분포도 측정 하여 비교하였고 두 시험에서 측정된 각 압력계수들의 차이의 평균은 약 0.077임을 확인하였다.