• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권2호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2011

본 연구는 지리산숲길 이용객의 만족도와 행동의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여 숲길 조성 및 관리방안 수립의 기초 자료 제공을 위하여 수행되었다. 645명의 이용객을 대상으로 지리산숲길 탐방 만족 요인에 대한 설문 분석 결과, '숲길경관체험', '숲길숙박체험', '숲길관련정보', '숲길편의시설' 등 모두 4개 요인이 도출되었으며, 숲길경관체험(자연경관, 숲길 개발정도, 숲길 관리상태, 문화 관광자원, 주민 친절)이 전반적인 만족도 및 행동의도(재방문의도, 추천의도, 탐방지속의도)에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세부변수별 분석 결과, 전반적 만족도와 행동의도에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 변수는 '자연경관'으로 나타났고, 그 밖에 유의미하게 영향을 미치는 변수는 '안내표지판', '주민 친절', '안내센터 숲길 정보제공' 등으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1994

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 덕유산(德裕山) 국립공원(國立公園)에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 매표소 백련사 향적봉-동엽령-칠연폭포 코스를 조사 대상지로 선정하여 조사 대상지를 매표소-백련사, 백련사-향적봉, 향적봉-동엽령, 동엽령-칠연폭포 등 4개 구간으로 구분하고 각 구간에서 등산로(登山路)의 훼손실태(毁損實態)와 향적봉(香績峯) 정상일대의 자연환경(自然環境) 훼손실태(毁損實態) 등을 조사(調査) 분석(分析)하였는 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 매표소-백련사, 향적봉-동엽령, 동엽령-칠연폭포 구간은 경사가 완만한 편이나, 백련사-향적봉 구간은 $30^{\circ}$이상의 험준한 지형(地形)을 이루고 있다. 이용량(利用量)에 의한 이용강도(利用强度)는 매표소-백련사 구간은 "매우 강(强)하다", 백련사-향적봉 구간은 "강(强)하다", 향적봉-동엽령 구간은 "약(弱)하다"로 구분할 수 있었고 동엽령-칠연폭포 구간은 자연휴식년제(自然休息年制) 실시로 "이용하지 않는" 상태이다. 2. 등산로폭(登山路幅)은 전체 평균 4.3m이고 이용강도(利用强度)가 강(强)할수록 넓게 나타났으며, 백련사-향적봉 동엽령 구간에서는 배수불량지(排水不良地), 급경사지(急傾斜地) 등에서 등산로가 분기(分岐)되는 현상이 나타났다. 3. 등산로(登山路)의 평균 최대 침식(侵蝕) 깊이와 횡단면적(橫斷面積)은 백련사-향적봉 구간에서 각각 103.8cm, $42,972.9cm^2$로 최대치를 나타내었고, 등산로의 측면(測面) 붕괴(崩壞)도 가장 많아 이 구간의 침식(侵蝕)이 가장 심(甚)한 상태였다. 4. 백련사-향적봉 구간의 등산로는 바위와 라출근(裸出根)이 60%이상을 차지하고 있어서 노면(路面)의 상태가 대단히 불량(不良)하였다. 5. 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質) 중 토양경도(土壤硬度), pH, 치환성염기(置換性鹽基)이온 (Na, K, Ca, Mg) 등은 등산로(登山路) 토양(土壤)에서 높았고 토양함유량(土壤含有率), 유기물함량(有機物含量), 전질소(全窒素), 유효인산(有效燐酸), C.E.C 등은 산림지(森林地) 토양(土壤)에서 높게 나타나 탐방객의 답압(踏壓)에 의한 영향이 뚜렷하였다. 또한 이용강도에 따른 변화가 뚜렷한 것은 토양경도는, 함수율, 유기물과 전질소 함량으로서 이중 토양경도는 이용강도가 증가할수록 높았고, 나머지 성질들은 이용강도가 증가할수록 작은 값을 나타내었다. 6. 정상(頂上)인 향적봉(香績峯) 일대에는 정상부, 헬기장, 야영장을 포함하여 약 $2,000m^2$의 라지(裸地)가 형성(形成)되어 있으며 토양조건(土壤條件)이 매우 불량(不良)한 상태이다. 7. 등산로의 환경훼손(環境毁損)을 유발하는 주요인은 이용강도(利用强度)와 지형적 특성(특히 경사도(傾斜度))인 것으로 나타났다. 8. 동엽령-칠연폭포 구간에서 자연휴식년제(自然休息年制) 실시의 효과(效果)가 부분적으로 인정되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.138-143
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• 2023

Liver fibrosis is caused by metabolic problems such as cholestasis, genetic problems, or viral infections. Inhibiting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation or inducing selective apoptosis of activated HSCs is used as a treatment strategy for liver fibrosis. It has been reported that when HSCs are activated, their apoptosis sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is enhanced because the expression of death receptor 5 is elevated. Finding a natural compound that can enhance the apoptotic effect of TRAIL on HSCs is a necessary strategy for liver fibrosis treatment. It was confirmed here that mangosteen-derived gartanin increased the effect of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of DR5 in a p38-dependent manner in the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. Combined treatment with gartanin and TRAIL accelerated DNA cleavage through caspase-3 activation and enhanced antifibrotic effects in LX-2 cells.

• 복식
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2015

This research aims to study the needs of the trail runners as trail running has become a popular outdoor activity, and give suggestions for high functional outdoor menswear design that can satisfy the needs of the highly demanding taste of runners. The design development is as follows: 1) The design had to be made of lightweight material and be easily packable in all situations, and 2) we also considered the ergonomic and compact fit for activity, 3) the functional location of high functional fabric, 4) the reflective use and layering system giving a wide range of outdoor workout time and 5) the trend in 2016 S/S active sports and outdoor wear. Based on the above elements, the men's outdoor wear design has been developed for trail running in spring and summer. The design development includes a total of 7 items. The design focused on lightweight, availability of packaging, "comfortability" and freshness in activity, functional suitability of location of highly functional materials and the layering system to protect body temperature under the changing environment. In particular, the layering system was implemented to provide ventilation, and it was done in body parts that released the most body heat. Therefore, mesh materials were actively used on the side panel, sleeves and center of the back piece for necessary sweat emission without any problems and ventilation for trail running.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1471-1476
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Currently available systemic therapies for malignant melanoma produce low response rates in patients, and more effective treatment modalities are clearly needed. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand has a significant impact on therapy for patients with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein-downregulation malignant melanoma. The primary objective of this study was to assess its therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: We employed a conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviral vector, named CRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP, with the characteristics of over-expression of the therapeutic gene TRAIL and downregulation of XIAP in one vector. B16F10-luc cells were employed to detect anti-tumor activity of CRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP in vitro and in vivo. Results: CRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP enhanced caspase-8 activation and caspase-3 maturation in B16F10 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it more effectively infected and killed melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo than other adenoviruses. Conclusion: Taken together, the combination of upregulation of TRAIL and downregulation of siXIAP with one oncolytic adenoviral vector holds promise for development of an effective therapy for melanomas and other common cancers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2156-2164
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• 2017

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered as an antitumor agent owing to its ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells without imparting toxicity toward most normal cells. TRAIL is produced in poor yield because of its insoluble expression in the cytoplasm of E. coli. In this study, we achieved soluble expression of TRAIL by fusing maltose-binding protein (MBP), b'a' domain of protein disulfide isomerase (PDIb'a'), or protein disulfide isomerase at the N-terminus of TRAIL. The TRAIL was purified using subsequent immobilized metal affinity chromatography and amylose-binding chromatography, with the tag removal using tobacco etch virus protease. Approximately 4.5 mg of pure TRAIL was produced from 125 ml flask culture with a purification yield of 71.6%. The endotoxin level of the final product was $0.4EU/{\mu}g$, as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate endotoxin assay. The purified TRAIL was validated and shown to cause apoptosis of HeLa cells with an $EC_{50}$ and Hill coefficient of $0.6{{\pm}}0.03nM$ and $2.41{\pm}0.15$, respectively. The high level of apoptosis in HeLa cells following administration of purified TRAIL indicates the significance and novelty of this method for producing high-grade and high-yield TRAIL.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권2호
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• pp.230-247
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• 2023

본 연구는 국가숲길로 지정된 지리산둘레길 인근 5개 시군의 귀산촌인을 대상으로 국가숲길이 귀산촌인의 삶의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 귀산촌 전·후 지리산둘레길을 이용한 집단이 이용하지 않은 집단보다 지리산둘레길의 귀산촌 결정영향여부, 삶의 만족도, 행동의도가 높게 나타났다. 귀산촌 결정에 지리산둘레길의 영향을 받은 집단 또한 영향을 받지 않은 집단보다 지리산둘레길 이용 만족도, 삶의 만족도, 귀산촌 만족도, 행동의도가 높게 나타났다. 귀산촌 지역에 따른 귀산촌인의 삶의 질, 귀산촌 만족도 중 장소적 만족, 행동의도에서도 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로 귀산촌 결정과 귀산촌 이후의 귀산촌인의 삶의 질에 지리산둘레길이 중요하고 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 산촌지역 발전에 기여할 수 있는 국가숲길 관련 정책 및 산촌 인구소멸 대응방안을 제시하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2004

This study concentrates on the trail of the CNU(Chungnam National University) forest. The amount of use and the pattern of damage are considered, as well as the extent of environmental damage. Finally, some managerial strategies are proposed in connection with sustainable maintenance. The trail of the university forest is composed of three sections; one is the neighborhood park and the Institute of Information Technology/Communications, the second is the Institute of Information Technology/Communications and the Dormitory, and the third section is the Dormitory and the Foreign prof's Apt. The total length of the trail is 2.6km. The daily amount of use is 1,269 visitors per day. The amount of using increased three times the amount of that in 1998. This study shows the pattern of damage of the trail in the order of root-exposure, widening, rock-exposure, deepening and the divergence in the frequency of occurrence of all these factors. Environmental damage is also graded thus: grade 3 is 27.4m, grade 4 is 0.8m, grade 5 is 1.5m, and grade 6 is 0.2m. Accordingly, some managerial strategies were proposed in connection with the sustainable trail maintenance.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2016

This is a comparative study focused on the scenic landscape preferences derived from visitors's perceptions at the Dulle-gil and the uphill trail in Bukhansan National Park. Unlike previous landscape assessment methods, this study contains more direct and on-site analysis with methods of understanding the visitors' perceptions by using 'visitor employed photography(VEP)' which requires each visitor to take preferable scenic landscape with one's own smart phone camera. The scenic landscape types at two different trails were categorized and then the types favoring most of participants were verified. There are total number of 16 visual landscape types preferred by participants at both the Dulle-gil and the uphill trail in Bukhansan National Park. As in terms of consensus photography(CP) on the Dulle-gil was found to have more diverse elements including both natural and artificial elements compare to the uphill trail. Furthermore, the perceptually excited node(PEN) at the Dulle-gill were found to be more scattered evenly whereas PEN at the uphill trail were concentrated on the entrance and the top of the mountain. It is necessary to consider that the scenic landscape management at the Dulle-gil and the uphill trail require different approaches. Facilities were set based on careful consideration of distinctive geographical features and vegetation in the Dulle-gil. And the management need to be focus on the 'forested area' maintaining natural state in the uphill trail. Futhermore, the result of the CP and PEN in the trails would be helpful to proceed the next step of landscape perception study depending on characteristics of groups.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.697-701
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 항응고제로서의 역할을 가지면서 또한 혈액응고와는 관련 없는 종양세포의 전이 등을 조절하는 것으로 알려진 activated protein C (APC)가 종양세포의 사멸에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$와 cyclohexamide를 병합 처리하거나 FAS를 처리하게 되면 인간 신장암세포인 Caki에서는 유의적인 세포사멸이 일어난다. 하지만, APC는 이러한 세포사멸에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 또한 TRAIL을 인간 뇌 암세포인 T98G와 유방암세포인 MDA231세포에 처리하여 세포사멸을 일으켰을 때에도 APC는 세포사멸을 조절하지 못하였다. 그러나, TRAIL에 대한 민감도를 증가시키기 위한 kahweol과 TRAIL의 병합처리나, kahweol과 malatonin의 병합처리에 의한 신장암세포의 사멸은 APC에 의해 유의적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 이는 APC가 항암치료의 효율성을 조절 할 수 있는 가능성을 가짐을 의미한다.