• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

소프트웨어의 규모가 커지고 복잡해지면서 소프트웨어의 기능적 실패(Functional Failure)를 만들어 내는 위험(Hazard) 요소들을 분석하기가 어려워지고 있다. 안전 필수 시스템(원자력 발전소, 항공관제 시스템, 철도 운영 시스템)에서 이런 기능적 실패는 곧 큰 사고 (인명피해, 환경오염) 로 이어지게 된다. 따라서 이러한 기능적 실패를 방지하고 소프트웨어의 안전성을 높이기 위해서는 소프트웨어 안전성 분석이 필요하다. 하지만 몇 가지 이유 (시간과 노력, 안전성 분석 기법의 다양한 지식 부족, 기관이나 회사의 관습적인 방법 사용) 로 적절하지 못한 안전성 분석 기법을 선택하게 되는 경우가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 안전성 분석 기법과 최신 안전성 분석 기법, 통합 모델 몇 가지를 소개 하겠다. 이것을 통해 전문가는 여러 종류의 안전성 기법을 간략하게 확인 할 수 있을 것이고, 시스템에 맞는 안전성 분석 기법을 선택하는데 도움을 받을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This study was conducted to contribute to the basic data for decisions on environment policy improvement in health promotion for students in elementary, middle and high schools. This study was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in elementary, middle and high schools in residential, traffic congestional and industrial areas. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate, radon) and thermocircumstance (temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) indices were observed from June to August 2000. As results of the survey, the mean values of thermocircumstance in school were $26.94{\pm}1.15^{\circ}C$ of temperature, $68.88{\pm}5.31%$ of humidity and $268.26{\pm}164.60$ Lux of intensity of illumination. The mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate were $8.36{\pm}0.29\;ppm$, $547.66{\pm}175.58\;ppm$, $36.23{\pm}48.39\;{\mu}g/m3$, respectively. These values were lower than those of the indoor environmental standard on the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service notified public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentration of radon was $20.07{\pm}17.95\;Bq/m3$. Which was below the U.S. EPA radon action level.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2020

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating indoor air quality on public transportation (subway, train, and bus) according to changes in season and time. Methods: We evaluated TVOC and HCHO on public transportation based on the un-controlled parameters of the Ministry of Environment. We also measured temperature and humidity since they affect the concentration of TVOC and HCHO. For public transportation classification, subway lines were classified into Lines 1 to 4. Additionally, trains were classified as ITX and KTX. Results: When comparing summer and winter on public transportation, the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO did not show any particular tendency. However, the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO during traffic congestion was higher than levels during times of non-congestion on most public transportation. In summer and winter, the measurement results for temperature and humidity showed a normal range, so temperature and humidity did not affect the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO. In the case of TVOC, TVOC concentrations on new trains were found to be relatively higher than on older ones, but there was no statistically correlation. Conclusions: A survey was conducted on the indoor air quality on public transportation. This study also analyzed data based on TVOC and HCHO for designing policies and managing indoor air quality.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and nursing activities of severe trauma patients regarding damaged body parts in Busan Regional Emergency Medical Center. Methods: A survey using a 'trauma patient information questionnaire and a list of nurse activities' was conducted with 133 patients over 15 points ISS on EMR from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Almost all of the subjects were men, and the mean age was 48.8. The amount of road traffic accidents was 60.4%, and the mean RTS and ISS were 6.08, and 23.14 points. Nursing activities in common were airway management, assessment of LOC & GCS, and EKG monitoring. Most of head and neck trauma patients were cared for manasing using intracranial pressure: each patience had the following assessed: pupil size and light reflex, they were checked the leak of CSF, kept $30^{\circ}$ head elevation, and administered medications. Some of chest trauma patients were treated for chest tube and central venous catheter insertion. Partial abdominal trauma patients were administered analgesic and cared for using arterial pressure measurement. Part of the limbs and pelvis trauma patients were given a blood transfusion. Conclusion: Based on the results, the characteristics and nursing activities were specific according to the specific damaged body parts.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to interpret the visual and auditory images and cognitive characteristics about townscapes in Namwon city. It was acquired the survey results about 8 types of verbal interviews and 2 kinds of sketch maps which are based on urban images from 102 Namwon residents. They held in a variety of images of Namwon in their minds such as Jiri mountain, clean environment, sightseeing, special products, urban/building structures, Korean classical music, historical novel, local sports, and emotional images. The nice streets or places which the residents recommended are the places which have abundant natural areas, psychological peace and rest, available space for physical activity, places for performances and events, and regional attractions. The streets or places which they didn't like are decadent places, and areas of crowded traffic. The transition times of visual and auditory scene can be classified with the Saemaul movement in the 1970's(the rural new community movement) and the improvement of the city in the 1990's. The elements of visual images in Namwon city on the basis of the cognitive maps were expressed such elements as paths, districts, nodes, edges, and landmarks. The elements of auditory images, which are on the basis of the concept of the soundscape, included sounds of narrative musical form unique to Korea; p'ansori, sounds of traditional markets, and sounds of nature. It was found that the imageability of visual and auditory images is relatively clear in specific areas in Namwon city.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 도로를 통과하는 차량하중 및 통행량의 증가로 인해 발생하는 교량구조물의 균열 및 누수와 같은 교량의 손상을 측정하고 이를 DB화하기 위한 교량유지 자동화 시스템 개발의 일환으로 해외에서 개발중인 탐사로봇에 대한 아이디어를 기반으로 학생들 스스로 창의적 공학설계에 근거하여 자체적인 탐사로봇을 설계하고 제작하였으며 이의 현장시험을 수행하여 그 적용성을 평가하였다. 탐사로봇의 설계와 제작 시에는 학부과정에서 배우는 단위교과목의 내용과의 연계에 주안점을 두었으며 시제품 개발과 관련하여서는 산학협동 참여업체의 지원으로 현장적용이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 참여한 학생들에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 본 개발과정에 참여한 학생들의 실무능력 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the design characteristic about the public space of privately-built apartment housing after the enforcement of price deregulation in Daegu. The public space of the multi-family housing is monotonous and closed according to the position of an elevator and a stair hall by the 1990's. However, the housing has been gentrified since 2000 because of demands of residents and purpose for selling in lots. Thus, the recognition of the apartments has changed and this change has led to extend the living territory and magnify the role of the public space where help interact with neighbors. This study is based on the survey of thirty nine apartment complex. Also, by using an analysis derived from a precedent study, design elements in approach and interior space of apartment residents are comprehended. The characteristic of the porch is researched and divided according to a roof of porch, form as the door, material of roof, wall, the ceiling and floor. Interior space is analyzed by several elements; forms of core, forms, materials and lights of ceiling, materials of walls and floors, existence and nonexistence of windows, and extra interior components etc. As a result of the study, After the enforcement of price deregulation, the public space of apartments has had improved quality in materials and design and the community center for residents such as waiting rooms and spots facilities has appeared. However, the traffic line of interior space has been very intricate. Also, sports facilities and waiting areas are limited to some apartments.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.5-20
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to examine the relationship between safety awareness and safety accident occurrence with elementary school students. Materials and methods: It selected 10 elementary schools under the supervision of Jeonnam Board of Education and sampled 700 students randomly from 2-3 classes in the 5th and the 6th grade. One preliminary survey was conducted to revise and complement the contents and forms of questionnaire with 70 students of a school from Apr. 1 to 6, 2004 and this study was conducted from Apr. 10 to 30, 2004. Total 700 questionnaires were distributed and 681 were collected (97%) and 602 were used for final analysis except 79 lacking responses. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS statistical program. Results: The average score of safety awareness of subjects by area was high as 2.72 points out of a possible 3. Area showing the highest safety awareness was safety from fire. Girl students had higher safety awareness than boy students. The fifth graders had higher safety awareness than the sixth graders. In safety awareness by the number of siblings, single son or single daughter showed the highest safety awareness. 53.2% of the subjects experienced accident for one year, the frequency of accident was mostly once and most of accidents were occurred at school. Accidents for the last year were higher in boy students, the sixth graders. According to relationship between safety awareness and safety accident, group with lower safety awareness in school safety(P < .022), traffic safety(P < .016), fire safety(P < .019), home safety(P < .007) and accident treatment and first aid(P < .003) had higher safety accidents than that with higher safety awareness. Conclusion: Development of safety education program by grade, that of parents safety education program, field experience and practice with students, teachers and parents and various safety education programs should be substantially and repeatedly accomplished for prevention education of safety accidents. In addition, to prevent and cope with safety accidents, safety education should be reflected on normal education, safety education textbook be developed, special safety education teachers be employed for safety education.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권3_2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2014

최근 서울 시민을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 환경 문제 해결, 교통 체계 개선과 함께 범죄 예방에 관한 요구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 그 중에서도 가족과 함께하는 주거 지역의 범죄 예방에 대한 요구는 다른 어느 항목보다 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 범죄 발생률은 주로 노후화 된 주거 지역에서 높게 나타나는데, 이는 범죄와 물리적인 환경 요인의 관계를 나타내 주는 것이라 할 수 있고, 주변 환경에 대해 적절한 조치가 범죄를 예방할 수 있다는 것으로 이해될 수 있다. 각종 범죄로부터 안전할 수 있도록 하는 다양한 예방법이 있지만 우리 주변의 물리적인 환경을 개선함으로써 범죄를 사전에 차단하고 예방할 수 있다는 CPTED는 이러한 측면에서 가장 주목받고 있는 방법 중 하나이다. CPTED의 기본 원리는 자연감시, 접근통제, 영역성 확보의 기본 원리와 활동성 강화, 유지 관리의 부가 원리로 구성된다. 본 연구의 목적은 도심지 내 노후화 된 공동주택 단지를 대상으로 CPTED의 원리를 적용하여 범죄 발생률을 떨어뜨리고 사전에 예방할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure some physical environmental factors and to doucument students' perceptions of them. 11 middle schools in Cheju City were divided into four areas according to their locations and two schools were selected for the study. 144 thirteen-year-old students in two middle school in a overcrowded area in Cheju City-one middle school building is insulated and the other is not insulated-were taken for the questionnaire survey. The finding of the study are as follows: 1) The classrooms were not equipped with any heating equipment. The buildings are not insulated well. As a result, the room temperature was much lower(12.9-16.2℃) than comfortable indoor temperature in winter(21.5-24.5℃). The classroom were found to be colder(12.9-16.2℃) than usual pleasant indoor temperature(21.5-24.5℃) in winter. 2) The classroom were so far from the street(20m) that there was little noise from traffic. Nevertheless, the noise level was higher(62.5-66.2 dB(A), when the windows were open; 51.7-62.8dB(A), when closed than the noise tolerance level specified in the Environment Protection Laws(50.0dB(A)). 3) As for the visual environment, the location of classroom, the adequate sun exposure, and the total states of windows in classrooms influenced on the illuminance. While standard indoor illuminance is 300 Lux, the classrooms facing south had illuminance of 231 Lux, from day light: and the ones facing west, 380 Lux. 4) Students generally found other aspects of the physical environment of their classrooms unsatisfactory. Chalk dust was generated to a serious extent near the main chalkboard(0.25mg/㎥) of classrooms.