• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.515-524
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• 2022

To effectively collect, manage, and share the maritime traffic information, it is necessary to identify the technology trends concerning this particular information and analyze its current status and problems. Therefore, this study observes the domestic and foreign technology trends involving maritime traffic information while analyzing and summarizing the current status and problems in collecting, managing, and sharing it. According to the data analysis, the problems in the collecting stage are difficulties in collecting visual information from long-distance radars, CCTVs, and cameras in areas outside the LTE network coverage. Notably, this explains the challenges in detecting smuggling ships entering the territorial waters through the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the early stage. The problems in the management stage include difficult reductions and expansions of maritime traffic information caused by the lack of flexibility in storage spaces mostly constructed by the maritime transportation system. Additionally, it is challenging to deal with system failure with system redundancy and backup as a countermeasure. Furthermore, the problems in the sharing stage show that it is difficult to share information with external operating organizations since the internal network is mainly used to share maritime transportation information. If at all through the government cloud via platforms such as LRIT and SASS, it often fails to effectively provide various S/W applications that help use maritime big data. Therefore, it is suggested that collecting equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicles and satellites should be constructed to expand collecting areas in the collecting stage. In the management and sharing stages, the introduction and construction of private clouds are suggested, considering the operational administration and information disclosure of each maritime transportation system. Through these efforts, an enhancement of the expertise and security of clouds is expected.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.393-402
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• 2017

Just like terrestrial cellular networks, underwater cellular communication networks, which can manage the overall network resource by adaptively allocating backhaul resource for each base station according to its ingress traffic, are necessary. In this paper, a new resource allocation protocol is proposed for the underwater cellular communication network, allocating backhaul resource of a base station proportional to its ingress traffic to the base station. This protocol is classified into two types dependent upon allocation period: the resource allocation protocol with adaptive period and that with fixed period. In order to determine a proper resource allocation protocol, the performance of the two protocols, in terms of reception rate, message overhead, and latency is compared and investigated via simulation. As a result, the resource protocol with adaptive period outperforms that with fixed period; the resource allocation protocol with fixed period results in a maximum of $10^2$ order longer queueing delay as well as $10^2$ order greater message overhead than that with adaptive period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

The furrow calculation and traffic measurement of sailing ship using computer vision are useful methods to prevent maritime accident by predicting the possibility of an accident occurrence in advance. In this paper, sailing ships are recognized using image erosion, differential operator and minimax value, which can be verified directly because the calculated coordinates are displayed on electronic navigation chart. The developed algorithm based on area information of this paper has the advantage which is compared to the conventional radar system focused on point information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

Wireless communication technology (WAVE) for vehicles, which is the core technology behind the next-generation intelligent transport system (C-ITS), is used to deliver information about vehicles to prevent traffic accidents and traffic situations that may arise between vehicles and infrastructure. Similar traffic issues often arise in marine scenarios. Currently, AIS is being used as a means of transmitting information such as the status of relative vessels, but research is being carried out to solve problems with AIS such as overloading by applying wireless communication technology for vehicles to the sea. In this study, a collision warning system suitable for small-sized vessels was developed based on the marine application of WAVE for vehicles verified through prior research, and the adequacy of this collision warning system was reviewed through a practical test. It is expected that this system will contribute greatly to future e-Navigation applications or self-driving ships as well as to preventing marine accidents.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.847-851
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• 2016

Due to global warming it is estimated that the arctic ocean route will be avaliable and traffic will increase by approximately year 2030. However, most navigation in the arctic is based on the ice breaker captains'orders, there is no exact measurement of convoy speed and distance between ships. So, this research was conducted to find out the minimum safe separation distance and minimum breaking distance via ship controling simulations, and the results are as stated. For breaking distances, for ships that have a lead distance which is 2~4 times the width of the ship and traveling less than 7 knots, crash astern and crash astern & hard rudder showed no significant difference. But ships traveling at 10 knots there was a decrease in breaking distance of 1L, from 3.5L to 2.5L. By analyzing 10 subject ships by crash astern the breaking distance for 5 knots is 0.98L~1.8L, for 8 knots is 1.9L~4.0L. The minimum safe separation distance in narrow sea-ways is 6L, but as the arctic sea-way is only one-way 3L is required. As the result, it is found that in the arctic the safe escort speed is less than 5 knots, if the escort speed is 8knots or more and by using crash astern & hard rudder to break the safe distance should be kept at 3.4L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.663-670
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• 2014

The Pyeongtaek port is expected lack of waiting anchorage due to increase of incoming ships whit increasing of trading volume in the near future. In case of an anchorage facility's structural alternations and expansion, it should be considered comprehensively how it affects other anchorage facilities. In addition, the volume of ship traffic to relevant area should be estimated accurately and then the facility's scale is calculated. In this paper, researchers calculated cargo per unit ship with the throughput for every ship and predicted the number of ships which had entered Pyeongtaek port. As a result, the port's ability to be docked was predicted to be not enough in 2030. It will exceed the number of ships able to cast anchor at specific two parts simultaneously 12.6 and 1.6 respectively consequently, the necessity to expand the ports was suggested. Hence, the best expansion plan was examined with analysis of marine transportation environment at each ports and the improvements suggested are anchoring ships at Ippado anchorage is 19.7 and the one at Janganseo anchorage is 12.6.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.507-514
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• 2022

Jinhae Bay is used as a major typhoon shelter in the southeastern region of Korea. However, when a typhoon strikes, the Jinhae Bay is facing the possibility of marine accidents caused by dragging anchors and the increased number of ships. This paper suggested ways to safely and efficiently manage the port of Jinhae Bay when a typhoon strikes from Vessel traffic service operators in the sea, derived relative importance by conducting an Analytic Hierarchy Process assessment to ship operators, and suggested safety measures reflecting manager and user opinions. In order to select safety measures factors for the AHP survey, VTS operators analyzed the evaluation of measures when a typhoon strikes in Jinhae Bay. As a result of conducting a survey based on the selected safety measure factors, it was found that ship operators consider the safety of ships more than twice as important as efficient management, and comprehensively consider them in the order of management of evacuated ships, management of anchorage area, management of evacuation information, preparation regulations and guidelines, improvement of system equipment, education, publicity, and notification activities. Through the measures and relative importance identified in this paper, it is believed that Jinhae Bay can serve as the basis for safely and efficiently managing typhoon shelters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2023

A variety of decarbonized energy sources are being developed globally to realize carbon neutrality (Net Zero) by 2050 as a measure to address the global climate crisis. As the Korean government has also established a Renewable Energy 3020 policy and promoted energy development plans using solar or wind power, large-scale offshore development projects not present before in coastal waters, such as offshore wind farms, are being promoted. From ships' point of view, offshore facilities present obstacles to safe navigation, and with the installation of marine facilities, ship collisions or contact accidents between ships and marine facilities may occur in the narrowed water areas. In addition, there are concerns about environmental pollution and human casualties caused by marine accidents. Accordingly, we review overseas and domestic offshore wind farm development plans, analyze whether institutional devices are in place to ensure the safe passage of ships in wind farm areas, and study the safe operation of large-scale offshore wind farms and safe passage of ships along the Korean coast by comparing overseas legislative cases with domestic laws and presenting a proposal to illuminate the legal blind sectors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1195-1202
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• 2016

Recently, a lot of studies that applying the big data technology to various fields, are progressing actively. In the maritime domain, the big data is the meaningful information which makes and gathers by the navigation and communication equipment from the many ships on the ocean. Also, importance of the maritime safety is emphasized, because maritime accidents are rising with increasing of maritime traffic. To support prevention of maritime accidents, in this paper, we developed a vessel traffic display and statistic system based on AIS messages from the many vessels of maritime. Also, to verify the developed system, we conducted tests for vessel track display function and vessel traffic statistic function based on two test scenarios. Therefore, we verified the effectiveness of the developed system for vessel tracks display, abnormal navigation patterns, checking failure of AIS equipments and maritime traffic statistic analyses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2024

Background: Busan is a rapidly industrializing city with many mixed residential and industrial areas. Fine dust emissions from mobile pollution sources such as ships and vehicles are particularly high in Busan. Objectives: This study analyzed the spatial distribution of air pollutants over the past three years and identified the impact of air pollutants through mobile source data in Busan. Methods: We obtained air pollutant data on fine particulate matter (PM₁₀), ultrafine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfurous acid gas (SO₂), and ozone (O₃) for the last three years (source: airkorea.or.kr) and analyzed the spatial distribution using SAS 9.4 and Surfer 23. For the mobile pollutant data, we used CCTV data from major intersections in Busan to identify truck and car traffic, and visualized traffic density with QGIS. Results: The analysis of the concentration of air pollutants over three years (2020~2022) showed that all were lower than the annual environmental standards with the exception of PM_2.5. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were found to be highly concentrated in the western part of the area, while NO₂ was high in the port area of Busan and SO₂ was high in the western part of the area and near the new port of Busan. In the case of O₃, it was high in the eastern part of the city. The traffic volume of freight vehicles by intersection was concentrated in the West Busan area, and the traffic volume for all cars was also confirmed to be concentrated at "Mandeok Intersection" located in the West Busan area. Conclusions: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between air pollutants emitted from motor vehicles and the distribution of air pollutants in Busan. The spatial distribution of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 correlates with traffic volume, while high concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ near the port are associated with ship emissions.