• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

Purpose: Odor generated in traditional markets causes discomfort, hindering the pleasant life of residents, and complaints of odors are steadily increasing every year. Odor is defined as a smell that stimulates a person's sense of smell by stimulating hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, amines, and other irritating gaseous substances. Research design, data and methodology: It is not easy to grasp and manage the current status of the odor analysis of living odors such as traditional markets. Seongnam City has an advanced new town of Bundang and Pangyo, while old cities such as Sujeong-gu are relatively underdeveloped. Results: As a result, the gap between the old city center and the new city center widens, so it is urgent to develop a balanced development. Based on this, the market of Seongnam-si is divided into the old city center and the new city center, and the odor complaint in the traditional market is analyzed to find a solution. A survey was conducted to understand the current status of odor management in the Seongnam-si market and the odor felt by users. Moran Market, Seongnam Jungang Market, and Kumho Market and Dolphin Market, located in the new city center, were selected as targets. The items of the survey consisted of the frequency and cause of the odor, the current status of market management, matters that need improvement, and efforts to resolve the odor. Conclusions: Therefore, this study aims to help citizens feel better about odor environment in places where odor standards are exceeded or complaints occur frequently, and to help local governments and market merchants establish more efficient and useful development plans.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 1997

Although modern versions of the traditional Von $Th{\ddot{u}}nen$ theory have contributed to a description of spatial organization in agriculture, they did not incorporate the market mechanism as an integral part of location theory. This deficiency has been indicated and new mathematical structure has been proposed elsewhere by the author. The closed model, which simultaneously considered a basic principle of supply and demand, exposed a computational complexity. Based on the problem, this study attempts to extend market mechanism in order to consider the influence of city (market) size in agricultural location theory. To theoretically explore the economic relationship in a location theory, this study simplifies agricultural activity as just two activities in one-dimensional spatial economy. The problem has been solved by equating total supply and demand of agricultural products, and then by determining each agricultural price from the relationship. All of the mathematical problems have been arranged in matrix form. First, the traditional model and closed model have been compared by quantitative comparative statics which provides the sensitivity test for each model. The results have shown that the traditional model shows a relatively excessive change in land use, besides the deficiency of a constant agricultural price. Second, the effects of the size of market town and its population increase were examined, using the closed model. In this case, the price of agricultural product is increased, and the land use is extended outward. This proves that locational rent is related to the expansion of land use. Third, environmental uncertainty was associated with the closed model, in order to further consider the difference of farmers attitude in strategic perspective. In this study, two extreme attitudes, which reflects the maximum average expected returns and the maximum guaranteed returns, were examined in their land use and their effects on the prices of agricultural products. It was shown that the two farmers attitudes can be interconnected with location theory. Due to the exogenous data, the differences in the area of land use and total quantities of agricultural products were not clearly shown in this study. However, it was shown that the land use pattern is very different. That is, maximum guaranteed return model reveals a mixed land use pattern around the market town. Basically, this study shows some spatial and economic implications related to Von $Th{\ddot{u}}nen$ model.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 1985

Korean Landscape Garden may be described according to its stage of development. In the primitive agricultural era, the garden was preceded by vegetable yards and at this time rock arranging (Soo-Sok garden) was initiated together with the megalithis culture of dolmens, heavenly altars and tumuli. In the early Three Kingdom period palace gardens were built on a grand scale and toward the end of fourth century temple garden were introduced along with Buddhism. These gardens evolved to the flourishment of "HWAGE"(terraced gardens) rock arrangements of ZEN, early KOR-YO period. Especially since the middle of KOR-Yo period the "IM-CHUN"(forest and pond) garden became popular, while during Cho-Son period "HWAGE" in the back yard, pond and pool garden and "IM-CHUN" style country villa became fashionable. The Korea traditional Landscape garde may be characterized that first it is a nature Landscape style, which makes the maximum accomodation with the surrounding nature. Secondly, the Korean garden is built creatively by utilizing the elements of its climate and topography, Kogu-Ryo, Paik-Je great-Kaya and Sil-Ra had developed original a castle town plans and beautiful gardens rock arrangements which precede the equivalent style of China and set the prototype for Japan. The Landscape art of waterfalls and rock arrangements at An-Ap-Chi garden of 7th century has no equals in China and set the origin of pond style of Japanese garden.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.100-107
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• 2014

Traditional architectural space, which is a historical cultural heritage must be connected mutually as a organic flow of various elements such as the environment of the time, political background and values, rather than approaching with fragmentary point of view. The Silhak Philosophy, the basis of late Chosun society developed equity thoughts on the basis of ideology of humanism, and it asserted the promotion of technology and industry as a measure to realize the pursuit of truth which is practically useful. Thus, we could verify the possibility of convergent interpretation of cultural technology of Hwaseong architectural space through the humanistic viewpoint of pioneer spirit of Silhak Philosophy which regards human as a main agent of desire of life, and the pursuit of truth which is useful for reality, and the realization of ethical value by aesthetic practicalism. Based on this, the ontological meaning and value of Suwon Hwaseong by the viewpoint of convergence of culture and technology have been drawn as the construction of planned new town by the practice of filial duty, the plan of city space based on rational values, the realization of a metropolis where self-sufficient economic activities are possible, the introduction of thorough construction management system, the introduction of advanced culture and its creative application, and the application of scientifical knowledges and cutting-edge technology.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2006

In many countries of the world, cultural activities are introduced as a popular means of promoting local economies and identities. In many places of Japan, a traditional cultural activity, "Machtskuri" (meaning "Vilige Making," literally) has been practiced in the past several decades. A small town, Nagahama of Shiga Prefecture, with 50,000 people, started restoring an old castle and historical build, art exibition, traditional fashion festivals, etc. Based on the successful experience from the cultural activities, community leaders of Nagahama made success in creating other projects, such as construction of a baseball stadium, a hotel and a community college. It can be concluded that Nagahama has been successful in creating making the place famious and the people confident.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.21.1-21.15
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• 2016

In Kenya, traditional knowledge on herbal medicine has remained a mainstream source of maintaining wellbeing for generations in many communities. However, the knowledge has been eroded in the course of time due to sociocultural dynamics virtually advanced by Christianity and formal education especially in the Kikuyu community. The study documented current ethnobotanical knowledge and threat to the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants among the Kikuyu community. A survey was carried out in Mathira, Tetu, Kieni, Othaya, Mukurweini, and Nyeri Town constituencies. Thirty practicing herbalists were purposively sampled; 5 per constituency. Data was obtained through semi - structured questionnaires and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 80 ailments treated using 111 medicinal plant species distributed within 98 genera and 56 families were documented. Prevalent communicable diseases treated using herbal medicine included; gonorrhea (17.5%), malaria (15%), respiratory infections (12%), colds (10%) and amoebiasis (10%). Non-communicable diseases were; joint pains (11.1%), ulcers/hyperacidity (8.7%), high blood pressure (8.7%), intestinal worms (11.1%) and arthritis/gout (10%). Frequently harvested plant materials were; roots, barks and leaves. The study concluded that, traditional medicine practitioners in Nyeri County possessed wide knowledge of herbal medicine but this knowledge was on the verge of disappearing as it was largely a preserve of the aged generation. The study recommended massive campaign about the benefits of using herbal medicine in the study area. Further pharmacological studies are recommended on the mentioned plant species aimed at establishing their efficacy and safety as well as standardization as potential drugs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

This study has been performed to explore process of forming low cost small site housing communities and residential lives of the young elderly around small cities along rural counties of America and Canada, and suggest future implications for Korea. In this study, five low cost small housing zones such as cottage and mobile home parks in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario State such as Weed, Paradise, Sun City,, Wellington on the Lake, and Trenton were visited and the elderly residents and service experts were interviewed. The senior concentrating housing clusters were formed primarily from influx of both metropolitan and rural residents for the purpose of seeking warmful localities, traffic connections, and business purposes in theme focused production areas. On the other hand, residential lives in the zones are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, integrated forms of urban and rural township need to be settled as attracting places for early retiring people who seek low cost pastoral oriented but culturally activated environment. Second, a model town of mobile housing structures needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating adaptation process of those movers. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed in order to integrate a long term master plan of establishing traditional rural town of independent housing districts. fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained for government lead retirement rural villages by limiting expansion of nursing related facilities around the independent areas. Fifth, visiting welfare service programs and volunteer groups need to be further developed for the housing area especially in winter time, when social integration and emotional comforts are extremely limited.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Ureung Gunreung. The results are as follows: First. In the area of Ureung Gunreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a new town development site and industrial districts, cultural assets districts, They have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second The traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted In the traditional forest We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, The traditional buildings and facilities such as Jaesil, Subokbang have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.691-703
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• 2013

The costume culture of ladies in late Goryeo is an important and rare source for cultural fashion souvenir design. This study investigates the historical costume design sources of late Goryeo to suggest high quality traditional and practical ornament souvenir designs for female dolls as well as examples of coordination with doll costumes. The costume culture of late Goryeo contained golden Buddhism and a revival of $12^{th}$ century Goryeo costume characteristic after the period of Mongolian influences from the Yuan. The main sources for doll ornament designs are $14^{th}$ century Buddhist paintings, a few ornament relics of Goryeo, ancient literature, and portraits of ladies in the $14^{th}$ century that originated from five doll's traditional ornaments (lotus hairpin, cloud-shaped hairpin, Buddhist flower hair ornament, vase-shaped Binyeo, and bell of animalhuman face) and three wig designs (wigs from Buddhist paintings and portraits, and hairpiece) with bleached gilding silver, silk, various gemstones and synthetic hair. These doll ornament and wig designs imply the symbol of Buddhism, exorcism, and costume culture of $14^{th}$ century Goryeo ladies that can be matched with two doll gowns, half-sleeved jacket, skirt, two Jogoris, apron, under trousers as formal, semi-formal, and town-wear according to the T.P.O of late Goryeo; in addition, five ornaments can be used as owner's ornaments. The partial changing colors and materials due to the characteristics of doll ornament goods as well as better communication between researcher and constructor remain to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

Our country traditionally employed a defensive system against the aggression by foreign powers by using a town castle and mountain castle. The moat was one of such a defensive system; however, there is few research work on a moat in comparison with its long history. This study was carried out to see the process of the changes of the Wolseong Fortress at Gyuongju, focused on the moat of the scale and nature of the construction methods to analyze such a Wolseong Fortress at Gyuongju as a result of consideration through bibliographical study, on-site investigation, and interviews, etc. This research discovered some facts as follows: the moats of Wolseong fortress at Gyeongju are roughly divided into three types; the first one is a natural moat flowing curved by the south side of Wolseong using the natural stream[Namcheon]as it is; the second one is a pond-type moat made by digging up plane non-rectangular pond along stereobate of castle wall with lakefront built with stream pebbles, and the last one is masonry moat at the east side of Wolseong with chisel-trimmed granites orderly piled in a plane triangular form. Among these, the pond-type moat was identified at the east-north-west side of Wolseong and the pond slopes from east to west as a separate one constructed with the terraces.