• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.431-435
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• 2008

Thanks to the development of internet, on-line market expands exponentially and corresponding solid business models are drawn attentions. Most of on-line trading items are limited with selling game related items however, Linden Lab made its turning point by introducing cyber reality game to shape the cyber life with creating his own Avatar in 2003. After 2003, Second life has grown sharply that over 12 million users around the world. While former games are progressed within fixed scenario, the concept of avatars who live his or her own lives at the cyber space that successfully differentiate from former online game. Further, cyber money, Linden Dollar can be used to buy real estate, cloth, shoes just like at real economy system. Not only for using corporate marketing, various areas of activities; promotion of public sector, politics, education are also functioned at the cyber life. In Korea, Korean version of Second life was introduced at the end of 2007 that draws attentions from the users. In this study, I examine various business models of cyber through Second life and suggest feasible culture-contents applying models.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 1984

The first national QC Circle Convention sponsored by Industry Advancement Administration in 1975 was the beginning of employees group activity from a national point of view. Subsequently some events such as the firs Nationwide Factory Seamaul activity small Group Convention, which was supervised by the ministry of Trading and Industry and Factory Seamaulundong promotion Center, paved the way for proliferation of the group activity through all kinds of manufacturing. Although since November 1982 these two conventions has been united, many problems have been disclosed that are against the basic principles more or less. Worker's group activity is, essentially, a trouble shooting oriented voluntary small group within their working place to improve the surroundings creatively. In practice, however, many groups are so typical and so impetuous of the material effect that it is worried to be inclined to outform rather than contents. To prevent this point it is recommended that worker's group activity be promoted continuously and on the basis of the original principle of small group activity to obtain practical and rich results, and systematically to be more effective and active considering the managerial environment and the intellectual level of the consisting members.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-167
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• 2007

Digital goods are defined as intangible and non-physical goods, composed of a combination of digital signals, electronically represented as 0 and 1. They are also called as digital products, electronic transmissions, information goods, digital contents, computer information, etc. Digital goods are now traded both domestically and internationally as well as on-line and off-line. Korean government revised the Basic Law on Foreign Trade to include digital goods and services as the scope of foreign trade in 2001. Trade volume of digital goods are increasing in Korea. The supply chains of digital goods from producing the components to selling globally to consumers are different from conventional physical goods. Mostly, digital goods are traded on the license basis rather than ownership contract. End User License Agreements(EULAs), such as shrink-wrap, click- wrap, or browser-wrap licenses are very popular in online transactions. Unlike conventional physical goods. the breach of license contract is closely linked with the infringement of intellectual property rights. Digitalized intellectual property is easy to copy and transmit in the cyber space. In cases of legal disputes from the breach of license contract, commercial arbitration or on-line alternative dispute resolutions(ADRs) are regarded as better approach to solve them rather than court sues. For promoting more secure and reliable international trade of digital goods. arbitration clauses should be included in most of license contracts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.22
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• pp.99-111
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• 1990

The first national QC Circle Convention sponsored by Industry Advancement Administration in 1975 was the beginning of employees group activity from a national point view. Subsequently some events such as the first nationwide Factory Seamaul activity small Group Convention, which was supervised by the ministry of Trading and Industry and Factory Seamanulundong promotion Center, paved the way for proliferation of the group activity through all kinds of manufacturing. Although since November 1982 these two conventions has been united, many problem have been disclosed that are against the basic principle more or less. Worker's small group activity is, essentially, a trouble shooting oriented voluntary small group within their working place to improve the surroundings creatively. In practice, however, many groups are so typical and so impetuous of the material effect that it is worried to be inclined to outform rather than contents. Effective small group activities are presumed to he successful only with labor management cooperation on the basis of human-oriented management philosophy. The small group activities are also prevalent in service sector. More derivative methods have been developed and more members are willingly participating in training programs. The small group which is basically a horizontal organization unit, promotes communication within the whole organization. In consideration of the social circumstances and traditions, the flexible model of the small group activities suitable to the corporate environment, will contribute to industrial development.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.316-319
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• 2003

Titratable acidity, pH, color, and pungency characteristics of commercial kimchi were investigated. Titratable acidity and of pH commercial kimchi waried significantly from pH 3.88 and titratable acidity 0.28% in non-fermented kimchi, to pH 6.20 and titratable acidity 1.13% in over-fermented one. Capsaicinoid contents of kimchi showed low pungency intensity of 0.18% to strong pungency intensity of 2.02, and American spice trading association value of kimchi samples ranged $0.52{\sim}4.1$.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.32-38
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• 2017

Despite the opinion that certificate is useless, half of the population in Korea (approx. 35 million) get an certificate, and use it for internet banking, internet shopping, stock trading, and so on. Most users store their certificates on a usb memory or smartphone, and certificates or passwords stored on such storage media can be easily attacked and used to disguise as legitimate users. Due to these security problem of certificate, a various authentication technologies has been proposed such as smartphone owner authentication using SMS, and a personal authentication using biometric authentication. However, a safe technique is not presented yet without user password, and certificate. In this paper, I proposed a method to secure certificate/private key without a user password using a combination of USIM card and smartphone's information. Even if a hacker gets the user password, the certificate, and the private key, he can not use the certificate. User do not need to remember complex password which is a combination of alphabetic / numeric / special characters, and use his certificate safely.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.369-378
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• 2013

The Korean Won-Dollar exchange markets showed radical price movements in the late 1990s and 2008. Therefore it provides good sources for studying volatility phenomena. Using the GARCH option models, I analysed how the prices of foreign exchange options react volatilities in the foreign exchange spot prices. For this I compared the explanatory power of three option models(Black and Scholes, Duan, Heston and Nandi), using the Won-Dollar OTC option markets data from 2006 to 2013. I estimated the parameters using MLE and calculated the mean square pricing errors. According to the my empirical studies, the pricing errors of Duan, Black and Scholes models are 0.1%. And the pricing errors of the Heston and Nandi model is greatest among the three models. So I would like to recommend using Duan or Black and Scholes model for hedging the foreign exchange risks. Finally, the historical average of spot volatilities is about 14%, so trading the options around 5% may lead to serious losses to sellers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2018

Traditional market is a place filled with traditional culture and sentiments of the local population, so this is not just a commodity trading places that has been at the centre of our life, including culture and the local economy and the people of the community. However, many consumers still ongoing by the facilities that aging is deprived to the department stores and hyper-marts. Also, low awareness of the displayer, including the internal facilities, is very reality is bad development compared to the appearance, in particular product names, price tags and one mark of origin, such as signs, despite Upon entering the market first leaps to the eye are not improved the situation as it is necessary for the improvement of typography for traditional market. Therefore, examine the fonts used in the traditional markets, proceed to further analysis in the future by building a dedicated font made of only the traditional market it has a distinctive identity and unity of the market typography to present the guidelines of the market font.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.130-140
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• 2015

With the growth of media platforms and fierce competition in the media market, there have been focus on cross media storytelling, a remediation of content already proven successful to another type of medium. In particular, webtoons have emerged as being successful source media, and this study analyzes how the webtoon 's narrative is expanded and transformed in the remediation process into TV drama. The results showed that, the webtoon , which was targeted at a relatively more specific audience, objectively described stories of the life and hardships of an office worker through a contractual employee at a trading company navigating work life based on strategies of Baduk; while the TV drama version, which aims to appeal to a broader audience, strengthened popular narratives with topics of social issues such as 'hardships of the non-permanent employee', 'sexual discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace', 'difficulties of a working mom', and 'romance between new colleagues'. In addition, in order to create dramatic enjoyment, the drama's storytelling strategy incorporated conflicts by creating confrontational relationships among good and evil characters, and added humanism and comedic effect.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.623-632
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• 2018

Both investors and researchers are attentive to the prediction of stock price movement directions since the accurate prediction plays an important role in strategic decision making on stock trading. According to previous studies, taken together, one can see that different factors are considered depending on stock markets and prediction periods. This paper aims to analyze what data mining techniques show better performance with some representative index and stock price datasets in the Korea stock market. In particular, extreme gradient boosting technique, proving itself to be the fore-runner through recent open competitions, is applied to the prediction problem. Its performance has been analyzed in comparison with other data mining techniques reported good in the prediction of stock price movement directions such as random forests, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks. Through experiments with the index/price datasets of 12 years, it is identified that the gradient boosting technique is the best in predicting the movement directions after 1 to 4 days with a few partial equivalence to the other techniques.