• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify Intra-industry phenomena of Clothing Trade in Korea. For this purpose, changes of Korean clothing trade were analyzed in connection with the theory of intra-industry trade during the 1990's. Formerly, changes of Korean clothing trade were analyzed by the trade orientation index and that of the trade with each Korean clothing trade partner particularly. secondly, tendency and major determinants of two-way trade or intra-industry trade of Korean clothing trade were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows : First, the trade pattern of clothing in Korea was strong export orientation. Since the mid 1990's, however, this tendency has been weakened. Second, tendency of one-way trade is strong generally. but since the mid 1990's, tendency of intra-industry(two-way) trade increased. The intra-industry(two-way) trade tendency with Hong Kong and China is especially strong. Third, from the viewpoint of determinants of intra-industry trade in clothing industry, the determinant is distance between countries in 1994. Also the determinant is trade tendency of the country in 1999.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2007

Clothing exports of Korea has grown rapidly till the latter half of the 1980's, contributing Korean economic development. However from the 1990's, the amount, the world market share and the international competitiveness of clothing exports have declined. Based on these phenomena, the purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of export articles in Korean Clothing Trade focused on the 1990's. Statistical data of clothing articles(SITC 84 : Articles of apparel & clothing accessories) were used. The relative importance, trade orientation tendency and unit price of each export clothing articles were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows. On the relative importance, trade orientation tendency and unit price of each export clothing articles, outer garments or products that required complicated production process(e.g., coats, suits, ensembles, jackets, dress) had been decreased in the portion and weakened in the export orientation tendency. But one item in a set or casual wear like trousers, skirts, blouses, shirts, Jerseys, pullovers, T-shirts has been increased in the portion and risen in the unit price. These trends means that clothing exports of Korea were more focused on those category and the international competitiveness on those articles were advanced. From these results, this study can be contributed to establish the concrete clothing export articles strategies of Korean firms.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.343-359
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• 2014

This study investigates how cultural differences between countries affect bilateral trade volumes, using Hofstede's cultural index that reflects nations' cultural characteristics. Empirical analyses of the impacts of Hofstede's five cultural characteristics on bilateral trade volumes are conducted either in each separate equation or simultaneously. Bilateral trade data of OECD countries plus China as of year 2010 is used for regression analysis on gravity model. Regression results from individual equation for each cultural index variable show tthe smaller the index gaps of power distances and uncertainty avoidance among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. On the contrary, the larger the index gaps of long-term orientation among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. If five Hofstede cultural indexes are regressed in a single equation, however, only variables of power distance and long-term orientation are significant. The analysis largely confirms that bilateral trade among countries with similar culture have much potrential to grow. It implies that policy actions for cultural proximity are very important for furthering bilateral trade.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.217-227
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• 2023

This study aims to stratify consumer market evaluation items from the Consumer Decision Journey(CDJ) perspective and understand the relationship between laws/systems and consumer orientation through the Korea Consumer Agency's '19 Korea Consumer Markets Evaluation Indicators. This study divided consumer market evaluation items into the selection comparison stage, selection decision stage, and post-purchase experience stage. And present a model that stratified the relationship with consumer orientation of laws/systems and verified using the CDJ model's experience as a control variable. Studies have shown that the relationship between the consumer market evaluation index that evaluates consumer orientation can be stratified according to the consumer decision-making stage and positively affects the relationship with consumer orientation of laws/systems. In addition, the impact of consumer market evaluation variables (reliability, and price) on the consumer orientation of laws/systems was different depending on the presence or absence of consumer damage experience.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2023

This study measured the social value of social economy enterprises in Incheon Metropolitan City using the Social Value Index (SVI) developed by the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The results showed that the social value orientation of the business activities of SSEs averaged 9.3 out of 15 points, and their innovation efforts were 8.0 out of 10 points. The average monetary and non-monetary social contribution efforts of SSEs was 5.1 out of 10. When comparing the average sales and social value scores by industry, the manufacturing sector shows that social enterprises have higher average sales and social value orientation of business activities, but lower social return efforts. Social work facility management and business support services have high average sales, but low social value orientation of business activities and efforts to make monetary or non-monetary social contributions. On the other hand, education services; arts, sports, and leisure-related services; and publishing, video, broadcasting, communication, and information services have lower average revenues but higher social value orientation of business activities. These SVI indicators are well utilized by local governments, but not yet by the central government. In the future, governments and public institutions should reflect the differences between sectors when formulating policies for social enterprises.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has occurred since the end of 2019, has caused tremendous damage not only in terms of disease and death but also in terms of economy. Accordingly, governments implemented health and quarantine policies to prevent the transmission and spread of COVID-19 and minimize economic effects, and implemented various countermeasures to reduce social and economic damage. However, the damage varies from country to country, and there are differences in the response of each government. Methods: Using 2020 data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, the effectiveness of governments' quarantine and economic policies in response to COVID-19 was calculated, and what factors determine the effectiveness were analyzed. While most of the previous studies analyzed the relationship between the government's quarantine policy and corona transmission and death, this study is characterized by considering the economic aspect in addition. Results: As a result of the analysis, the following results were obtained. First, when economic aspects are not considered, Asian and European countries have similar levels of efficiency, but when economic aspects are taken into account, Asian countries have higher efficiency. Second, population density had a negative effect on the efficiency of each country's policy, and long-term orientation was found to have an important impact when considering the economic aspect. Conclusion: We found that the governance index is an important variable influencing the efficiency, which shows that the effectiveness of government policies in response to the coronavirus depends heavily on the trust relationship between the government and the people.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2016

This study proposes a research model to investigate the effect of ICT on national culture and values. Why should we research the relationship between ICT and culture? We do this to shed light on the cultural framework and find areas for further research. This research has found that the development of Information Communication Technology(ICT) has proved to have a positive effect on the quality of individualism (B0.603), there is a decrease in power distance index(B-0.331)and a correlation between individualism and wealth. Also, the development of Information Communication Technology(ICT) has proved to have a positive effect on the quality of Long Term Orientation. As for adoption and use of ICT, the role of culture is important for many reasons. First of all, we can recognize the importance of national culture and organizational culture in establishing the ability of the overall culture to adapt, efficiently merging with different cultures and overcoming potential obstacles of these tasks. This is the evidence supporting the current theory. Our research shows that development of technology highly influences deep human values. Furthermore, the data points used in this research are from World Economic Forum, World Development Indicator and International Telecommunication Union. In order to understand and develop social evolution and progress, we tried to use data that is fair and verifiable.