• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

Purpose - This study examines Chinese P2P investment decision processes from a behavioral economics approach. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyze the online P2P investment product purchase decisions of 241 respondents in China, March 2015 to May 2015. T-tests were conducted to determine whether the framing effect influenced investor investment preferences. The Association Rule was used to identify the framing effect of respondent demographic characteristics on joint decisions regarding stable or risky investment products. Results - There are significant differences between the two groups (positive framing and negative framing) and their product-choosing behavior. In the positive framing group, female investors, young investors, investors with non-financial occupations and with limited or no experience, preferred stable P2P investment products. In contrast, in the negative framing group, investors with extensive investment experience preferred risky investment products. Conclusions - The framing effect influences investor choices in online P2P investment products. It is necessary to implement comprehensive supervision and full information disclosure regarding P2P investment products. P2P investment websites can also adopt different marketing strategies according to investor gender and age.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

Corporate governance and innovation have been a hot topic in recent boardroom talks, whether in the trade or manufacturing industries. Governance innovations are highly significant for the survival of the motor vehicle industry like Honda, Nissan, New General Motors, and Toyota. The study chooses the motor vehicle industry which crosses the age of a century and sufficient corroborative support exists with the perspective of distinctive objectives. Using the population of all the automobile companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), we distill automobile companies to evaluate the firm performance using the panel data regression approach. The results show that there is a significant relationship between gender diversity, audit committees, and firm performance. Further, board size also has a positive impact on firm performance. We identify that the governance mechanism of firms found in default of the frequency of audit committee meetings. By considering results, only limited knowledge of finance directors and also very few numbers of female directors are on the board. Empirical findings of this work might be useful for policymakers in attempting to draft a corporate governance framework better able to monitor the financial performance of firms through female directors and also serve as a catalyst for the regulators of electric vehicles.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2009

무역전시는 기업에게 효과적인 해외마케팅 수단을 제공하는 국제촉진수단이며, 전후방 연관효과를 통해 소득과 고용창출에 미치는 파급효과가 뛰어난 고부가가치 서비스산업이다. 본 연구는 무역전시의 참가비 지출과 관련된 소비조사를 통한 미시경제적 접근을 통해 참가비 지출의 결정요인을 분석하여 전략산업으로서의 육성을 모색하기 위함이다. 연구 결과, 참가비에 영향을 미치는 사회 경제적 요인은 관람객의 경우 소득과 교육이 정(正)의 방향을, 연령과 성별은 부(負)의 방향으로 나타났다. 참가업체의 경우 연령과 매출액은 정(正)의 방향으로, 인적구성은 부(負)의 방향으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 참가비에 영향을 미치는 참가 행태 요인으로는 관람객의 경우 티켓구입은 정(正), 거리는 부(負)의 방향으로 나타났고, 참가업체의 경우 거리는 부(負), 참가횟수는 참가비에 정(正)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 만족 요인으로는 관람객의 경우 전시품목과 장소, 입장료 등의 만족도가 정(正)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 참가업체의 경우 거래실적과 홍보효과, 장소 등에 관한 만족도가 참가비에 정(正)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본연구의 결과가 무역전시회의 참가결정요인을 제시하여 무역전시의 마케팅 수립과 경영전략에 기초적인 자료가 되기를 기대한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

Background: To identify work sectors with high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Korean men and women. Methods: We analyzed nationwide data to identify ergonomic risk factors in Korean employees. In particular, we analyzed data on exposure to five ergonomic risk factors (painful/tiring postures, lifting/moving heavy materials, standing/walking, repetitive hand/arm movements, and hand/arm vibration) according to employment sector, sex, and age, using the 2014 Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We also used workers' compensation data on work-related MSDs in 2010, which is available by sex. Results: The different work sectors had different gender distributions. "Manufacturing" (27.7%) and "construction" (11.3%) were dominated by males, whereas "human health and social work activities" (12.4%), "hotel and restaurants" (11.7%), and "education" (10.4%) were dominated by females. However, "wholesale and retail trade" and "public administration and defense" employed large numbers of males and females. Furthermore, the work sectors with a greater proportion of work-related MSDs and with multiple ergonomic risk factors were different for men and women. For men, "construction" and "manufacturing" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs; for women, "hotel and restaurants" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions for workers should consider gender and should focus on work sectors with high risk for MSDs, with multiple ergonomic risk factors, and with the largest number of workers.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate awareness and attitude of monitors in 206 small sized industries in Seoul and Kyeonggi area toward the occupational health programs using a specially prepared questionnaire. The industries had been running Government-Funded Subsidiary Program since 1998. The questionnaire was designed to be self-administered by respondents. Data were collected for two months from November to December, 1998. Major results are as follows: 1. Between two groups of industries, there were no significant differences in classification, scale, methods of production, existence of trade union, but in type of working pattern and facility ownership there were significant differences. 2. Between two groups of monitors, there were no significant differences in gender, age, marital status, rank, years of education, but in duration of working there was a significant difference. 3. In awareness and attitude of monitors toward their activities and occupational health programs, there was no significant difference by groups of industries, but a significant difference by type and scale of industry, gender, age, years of education 4. It was found that newly subsidized industries were more necessary to provide education programs on occupational health than old industries, and there was a significant difference between two groups of industries in the contents of education needed. In conclusion, it is desirable that the government should develop specific training programs for monitors on occupational health to provide them practical knowledge and specific skills which monitors can apply to their specific situation, and implement the training programs and continue Government-Funded Subsidiary Program for years until small scale industries would have been able to develop and keep their own health management system spontaneously.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.204-221
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• 2020

훈의문화는 동아시아에서 공유한 문화이다. 해양 실크로드의 번영과 향재의 교역은 향 문화를 발달하게 해준 직접적인 요인이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 향 문화의 발달 시기는 교역의 시작시기와 유사하게 나타난다. 훈의(熏衣)는 향을 태운 연기로 향을 입히는 용법이다. 중국은 한대(漢代)부터 합향을 제조하였으며, 훈롱(熏籠)을 사용한 기록이 있어 훈의향을 합향으로 제조한 것으로 추정된다. 이후 당대(唐代)에 향료의 교역이 활발해지면서, 『천금요방』, 『향보』, 『향승』 등에 훈의향의 제조법과 훈의 기술이 나타나고 『계해우형지』와 『제번지』 등의 서적을 통해서도 향료의 교역국과 교역품을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 훈의향의 제조법과 용법이 기록된 문헌과 훈의에 필요한 도구들을 통하여 연구를 진행하였다. 한국에는 불교의 전래와 함께 향이 소개되었다. 『매신라물해』의 기록을 통하여 일본과의 향 교역 사실을 확인할 수 있으며, 훈의향이라는 교역품이 기록되어 있어 신라시대부터 훈의를 시행한 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 향재의 교역이 융성하였던 고려시대에는 인삼과 함께 사향을 수출하였다. 왕실에서는 송(宋)으로부터 하사받은 향을 사용하였으며, 부인들은 향낭류의 패식향을 선호하였다. 패식향의 선호가 조선시대에도 이어져 조선시대에는 훈의의 기록을 찾기 어렵다. 조선시대에는 패식향의 사용, 향로에 피운 향의 냄새가 간접적으로 의복에 스며드는 방식, 그리고 옷장에 의향을 넣어두는 간접적인 방향을 선호한 것으로 추정된다. 일본은 『매신라물해』의 기록을 통하여 신라를 통해 향을 교역한 사실을 알 수 있다. 헤이안 시대 궁정 소설 『겐지이야기』를 보면 당시 귀족들의 향 문화와 훈의문화, 향 교역을 추정 할 수 있다. 일본의 훈롱은 필수 혼수품으로 자리 잡았으며, 그에 따라 실용적인 형태로 발달하고 장식성이 가미되었다. 베트남 남부의 점성국이 훈의를 시행한 사실은 『제번지』에 직접적으로 기록되어 있다. 베트남 북부의 교지국이 훈의를 행하였다는 직접적인 기록은 찾기 어렵다. 그러나 중국과 복식 문화가 같다는 기록과 훈의를 행하였던 국가인 중국과 점성국에 인접하였다는 점, 그리고 향료의 원산지라는 점에서 훈의문화를 공유하였을 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 동아시아의 한·중·일, 그리고 베트남은 훈의를 시행하는 문화를 공유하였다. 이를 통해 훈의향의 목적과 발달 시기, 훈의향의 제작, 훈의법, 훈의 도구, 훈의를 하는 사람의 성별 그리고 사용한 향재에서 공통성을 찾을 수 있다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2018

본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임과 사회공존을 위한 사회공헌활동(친환경제품, 기부, 봉사활동, 공정무역)이 소비자가 지각하는 기업의 신뢰도, 프리미엄가격 지불의도 그리고 지속적 구매의도에 미치는 영향관계를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 또한 소비자 성별의 차이가 기업의 사회공헌활동요인에 따른 기업의 신뢰도와 프리미엄가격 지불의도에 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 진행하기 위해 기업의 사회공헌활동, 기업신뢰도, 프리미엄가격 지불의도 그리고 지속적 구매의도와 같은 주요연구변수에 관한 선행연구와 실증조사를 진행하였다. 실증조사는 사회적 기업 제품을 구매한 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 하였다. 설정된 가설을 검증하기 위해 구조방정식을 활용하였다. 가설 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업의 사회공헌활동 중 친환경제품과 공정무역은 기업신뢰도와 프리미엄가격 지불의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 프리미엄가격 지불의도는 지속적 구매의도에 영향을 미치지만 기업신뢰도는 지속적 구매의도에 직접적 영향을 미치지 않고 프리미엄가격 지불의도를 거쳐 지속적 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기업의 사회공헌활동 가운데 봉사활동과 공정무역이 기업신뢰도에 미치는 영향은 여성이 남성보다 높았다. 봉사활동과 기부는 프리미엄가격 지불의도와의 영향관계에서 남성에 비해 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.281-300
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• 2023

Recently, the call for better accountability and social responsibility from corporations has been regularly voiced, both in the academic literature and in public discussions. This poses a challenge to the existing literature in understanding consumption behaviors to direct them toward sustainable development. This study investigates the purchase intention of Gen Z consumers in Vietnam with green packaging products. Data were collected from 914 respondents by online questionnaire and then analyzed using OLS. The results suggest the significant influence of customers' income and packaging in driving customers' intention to use environmentally-friendly products. Specifically, consumers in a higher income class participate more actively in green purchases. However, problems associated with inadequate packaging are also illustrated, resulting in the poor perception of green messages and poor practice of ecological actions. Besides, subjective norms and green trust are found to be adversely related to green consumer intention. In addition, gender disparity in green behavior is reported, where female consumers show a higher tendency to ecological consumption than their male counterparts. Other demographic factors are also included in the model as control variables, which are age, education, price, environmental literacy, environmental concern, and psychological awareness, but they do not have a significant impact on green purchase intention.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

The hand printed cottons of India are historically world-renowned for their rich fast colours, elaborate designs, and matchless quality. Until the discovery of synthetic dyestuffs in the latter part of the nineteenth century, the unsurpassed master dyers of cotton were the craftsmen of India-birthplace of cultivated cotton. The Indian printers and dyers monopolised this arcane art of permeating cotton cloth with richly hued, colour-fast designs, and the fruits of their labour proved hugely influential in international trade and the development of modern textile technologies. This paper focuses on a lesser-known body of hand printed cottons, traditionally produced in rural Rajasthan for everyday use by the local pastoral communities. Drawing on extensive research carried out with the region's Chhipa community of hereditary cloth printers, the complex and multiple applications of mordant, dye and resist are illustrated. Often taking months to complete, the enduring popularity of these labour-intensive hand printed cottons is then discussed, particularly in the light of the hugesocial importance borne by cloth in Rajasthan. Cloth and clothing are widely recognised as indicators of social status, gender, rank, and individual and group affiliations. In addition, cloth and clothing have been established as indicators of social, economic, political and technological change. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the recent influx of machine-printed polyester textiles, often replicating the designs or colours of the traditional locally produced cottons. Thus women of the region, whilst using these modern synthetic textiles as part of newer ways of expressing their identity, also visibly retain the values associated with hand printed cottons and traditional dress codes.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2024

Purposes: The study aimed at examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the shift of online consumer purchasing behavior and whether the new behaviors would be maintained after the epidemic season. The study also aims to investigate how online customers change based on perceived risks. Research design and Methodology: The study investigated purchasing behavior of the same 377 online Vietnamese consumers during two periods: (1) during the period of social distancing and (2) one and half year after that, allowing data to be collected in real time, so that consumers do not have to recall their behavior. Results: Purchasing behavior appeared to be more influenced by gender, age and household size. Aged consumers are more concerned about risks than those in the younger group, who only worry about the risks during the pandemic. Consumers in households with two or more people are more concerned about the risks than those living alone. Female appeared to be more influential in both during and after pandemic than male. Conclusions: The findings contribute to clarify shift of online consumer purchasing behavior, which helps business to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance their presence in the e-commerce sector.