• 제목/요약/키워드: Trade Support Organization

검색결과 56건 처리시간 0.02초

국제 지역 수산 관리 기구와 주요 국가의 IUU 통제제도 연구 (A Study on the IUU Governance System of Regional Fishery Management Organization and Major State)

  • 박민규
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.103-127
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    • 2010
  • The FAO reports that IUU fishing activities have widespread economic, social, and management consequences, including depriving legitimate fishers of harvest opportunities. It affects all fisheries from small scale to industrial. It also affects the ability of governments to support sustainable livelihoods for fishers and, more broadly, to achieve food security. The complexity of IUU requires various measures to combat IUU fishing such as adoption of IUU vessel lists; stronger port State controls; improved monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS); implementation of market-related measures to help ensure compliance; and capacity-building assistance. Trade and market measures reduce opportunities for IUU fishing activities by precluding or impeding access to markets for IUU product in a manner consistent with international law. ICCAT, CCAMLR, and IATTC, have put in place trade tracking programs or catch documentation schemes, and WCPFC is considering such a program. Vessel lists assist enforcement authorities in determining which vessels are or are not authorized to be fishing or conducting fishing support activities in specified areas. A number of RFMOs maintain records of IUU vessels: CCAMLR, IATTC, ICCAT, NAFO, NASCO, NPAFC, WCPFC. Section 608 of the US MSRA calling on the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State, and in cooperation with relevant regional fishery management councils and any relevant advisory committees, to take actions to improve the effectiveness of international fishery management organizations in conserving and managing stocks under their jurisdiction. EU IUU Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2010, was intended to regulate the highly complex multi-channel fisheries supply system of the European Community (EC) in an effort to improve global fisheries sustainability.

B2B 워크플로우의 메시징 시스템 설계 (Design of a Messaging System for B2B Workflow)

  • 서창교;김정삼;이형석
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.117-137
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    • 2001
  • B2B(business-to-business) commerce has become the prime driver of contemporary electronic commerce. Under B2B commerce, corporations often must operate across organizational boundaries to share their business processes. Workflow management was proposed by Aalst(4, 5) to support several business partners that are involved in shared workflow processes in B2B commerce. We designed a messaging system for B2B workflow, where heterogeneous workflow management systems on each organization for trade were integrated. Based on Aalst's example in(4, 5), we analyzed B2B workflow by using class diagram, use case diagram, activity diagram, and statechart diagram of UML, and designed the messaging system, We also demonstrated a prototype system which was implemented by using Java API and XML. To compare with a holistic system such as EDI systems, the messaging system allows the business partners in B2B commerce to communicate with each other by dedicated messages and integrate each B2B interoperable workflow without any restrictions.

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AEO 제도의 정부지원과 사후관리가 AEO 활용 만족도에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 연구 (An Empirical Research on the AEO utilization satisfaction effect from the AEO system's government support and post management)

  • 김창봉;한용탁
    • 통상정보연구
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.151-171
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    • 2015
  • 최근 기업들은 국제무역거래에서 무역안전과 무역원활화의 상충된 목적을 충족시키기 위해 원활하고 신속한 통관을 위한 AEO(Authorized Economic Operator) 제도를 도입하고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 AEO 인증을 획득한 150개 기업들을 대상으로 정부의 지원이 AEO 인증유지 사후관리에 미치는 영향과 만족도 간의 영향관계를 검증하여 향후 AEO 제도 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 함에 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 이론 및 실증연구를 토대로 연구모형과 가설을 도출하여 실증분석을 한 결과 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 첫째, AEO 제도 정부정책지원은 AEO 인증유지 사후관리, AEO 만족도 요인에 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, AEO 인증유지 사후관리 요인은 AEO 만족도 요인에 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 정부재정지원 요인은 AEO 인증유지 사후관리 요인에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구가 선행연구와 차별화된 내용은 AEO 인증을 통하여 기업들이 체감하고 있는 만족도를 평가하였고, 정부의 지원이 사후관리와 만족도 간의 관계를 실증적으로 평가하였다는 것이다. 학문적인 기여도는 우리나라 AEO 제도의 사후관리 연구를 진행하였고, 실무적 기여도는 우리나라 기업들이 AEO 제도를 활용하기 위한 방향성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

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산지유통조직의 차이점 분석을 통한 산지조직화 활성화 방안 연구 (A Study on Activating a Producing Organization by Analyzing the Difference)

  • 김창환;박주섭
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권12호
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Distribution of agricultural products is collapsing due to recent changes in the environment balance between retailers and producers. Further, the increase in the imports of agricultural products due to free trade has caused revenue problems for producers. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties, and the organized producing center's importance is growing each day. Korean organized producing centers' policies have been conducted since 2000, and have thus been sustained for more than 10 years. Organizing a producing center's business is focused on agricultural cooperative and farming association corporation this has already have been carried out. In addition, it has achieved significant results through these organizations, but it still has many problems. Research design, data, and methodology - Organized producing centers were classified for each type. The survey covered 90 organizations, based on factor analysis, analysis of balance, and logistic regression analysis. The results of the conducted factor analysis are as follows. Production, marketing, human resources management, organizational skills, post management, safety, and scale were classified as the seven kinds of factors. These are the factors that affect the organized producing centers through the variance analysis and logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest the direction for the future organized producing centers' policies. Result - Results of the analysis of the variance are listed below. Items by type, production, marketing, human resource management, and organizational skills are shown to depict differences between the factors. Organization form results show that production and marketing showed a difference between the factors. The size of the organization, production, and marketing showed the difference between the factors. The factors affect organized producing centers differently depending on the type shown, as seen from the results. In contrast, the logistic regression results of the analysis are as follows. Considering the results by the type of item, and the horticulture type of marketing, human resource management has a (+) influence. Grain type and production showed a (+) influence. New types of income affecting organizational skills have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of organization, the agricultural cooperative type of marketing and human resource management have (+) influence. Farming association corporation type of production has a (+) influence. As a result, the size of the organization is as follows. Large organizations are production, expressed in marketing with a (+) impact. Medium-size organizations are expressed with their size factor having a (+) impact. Small organizations are expressed with a safety factor having a (+) impact. Conclusions - The types of factors display different effects. One factor is that the type of a (+) represents the influence of other factors (-) as per factor symptomatology. Therefore, the type of measures to organize a strategy to maximize the benefits of your organization should be pursued. In addition, based on the support for small organizations, improving the quality of the producer organization should be considered.

한국 중소기업수출지원정책의 효율화 방안 (A Study on the Efficiency of the Export Support Policy for the SME in Korea)

  • 최재한
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.114-123
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    • 2018
  • 한국의 수출지원정책은 1997년 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 중소기업 중심으로 전환한 이후 중소기업수출액이 2011년 최초로 1,000억 달러를 초과하는 양적 성장을 거두었으나 이후 정체 수준을 보여 왔다. 이와 같은 정체의 배경에는 수출지원정책이 수출경쟁력 제고에 크게 기여하지 못한 측면도 존재하는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 중소수출기업의 수출기반확충과 수출경쟁력 제고를 위하여 2010년 이후의 주요 선행연구를 중심으로 지원정책의 문제점을 분석하고 문제점 개선을 위한 효율화 방안을 도출하였다. 연구 결과 수출지원정책의 효율화를 위해 첫째, 수출지원기관 간 기능조정과 통합, 수출단계별 지원주체의 조정, 중소기업청과 지방자치단체의 역할조정 등에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 둘째, 기업 맞춤형 지원시스템의 구축이 필요하다. 셋째, 지원기관의 인력확보 및 전문성 제고를 위해서는 무역회사 퇴직 인력 또는 청년인턴제도의 검토가 필요하다. 넷째, 일정규모 이상의 지원사업에 대하여는 외부평가의 비중을 높이고 정량평가와 정성평가 모두가 가능한 균형 잡힌 지표의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

한미간(韓美間) 정보통신분야(情報通信分野) 통상마찰예방(通商摩擦豫防)과 해소방안(解消方案)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A study on The U.S.-Korean Trade Friction Prevention and Settlement in the Fields of Information and Telecommunication Industries)

  • 정재영
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제13권
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    • pp.869-895
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    • 2000
  • The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.

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의료공급자 단체에 대한 공정거래법상 사업활동제한 적용 -달빛어린이 병원 사건을 중심으로- (Antitrust Regulation on the Restriction of Business Activities by Healthcare Providers' Organization)

  • 정재훈
    • 의료법학
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.75-98
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    • 2018
  • 최근 서울고등법원은 대상판결(서울고판 2018. 4. 5, 2017누58580)을 통하여 대한소아청소년과 의사회의 소아과병원이나 소아과의사에 대한 제한 행위가 독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률(이하 '공정거래법'이라고 한다) 제26조 제1항 제3호에 위반되는 지에 관하여 공정거래위원회(이하 '공정위'라고 한다)의 처분을 취소함으로써 이를 부정하였다. 대상판결은 종전에 확립된 대법원 판결에 따라 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호에 있어서도 경쟁제한성이 필요하다는 전제에서 사업활동제한 행위가 성립하는지, 그 행위에 경쟁제한성이 있는지 등을 중심으로 심리하였다. 대상판결에 대하여는 다음과 같은 분석이 가능하다. 첫째, 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호의 '제한'은 '과도한 제한'으로 해석하는 것이 바람직하다. 사업자단체가 구성원에 대하여 제한을 가하는 것은 원칙적으로 허용되지만, 예외적으로 공익적 차원에서 공정위가 규제를 한다는 취지에서 제한적으로 해석하는 것이 상당하다. 둘째, 대상판결은 원고의 행위가 구성사업자의 가격, 수량, 품질 등을 제한하여 경쟁제한성이 인정된다고 보기 어렵다고 판단하였다. 대상판결은 종전에 확립된 대법원 판결에 따라 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호에 있어서도 경쟁제한성이 필요하다는 전제에 선 것으로 수긍할 수 있다. 그런데, 의료시장의 가격이 정부에 의하여 강력하게 통제되는 상태에서 경쟁제한성 판단을 위한 핵심적인 논제는 공급량 감소의 문제로서, 공급량이 경쟁제한효과를 유발할 정도로 감소하였음이 수량적으로 증명된다면 경쟁제한효과를 인정하는데 어려움이 없을 것이지만, 이는 일반적으로 증명하기 어려우며, 실제 이 사건에서 공정위가 공급량 감소를 증명할 유력한 증거를 제출하지 못한 것으로 보인다. 다른 한편, 공정거래법상 경쟁제한성은 경쟁제한의 우려가 있는 경우에도 인정되므로, 이 사건에서 경쟁제한효과가 발생할 우려가 있었는지의 증명이 문제된다. 이 사건은 공급량을 줄이기 위한 직접적인 의도와 목적이 드러나고 경험칙상 공급량이 지속적으로 감소할 것임을 인정할 수 있는 사건임에 비추어 대상판결의 논지에 대하여는 동의하기 어렵다. 대상판결이 사업자단체 규제를 통하여 경쟁제한성의 근본적인 문제를 다룬 것은 이론적인 측면에서나, 실무적인 측면에서나 의미가 있다. 대상판결은 경쟁제한성의 이해, 경쟁제한효과의 판단, 경쟁제한효과의 증명 수준 등에 관하여 의료서비스의 공급량을 매개로 하여 흥미로운 판단을 하였고, 대법원이 이를 어떻게 판단할지에 관하여 관심이 집중되고 있다.

국제스포츠중재재판소(CAS) 중재판정의 취소 사례 연구 (A Case Study on the Annulment of Arbitral Award in Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS))

  • 몰렝츠카안나;김성룡
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.3-22
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to present implications by analyzing the Swiss Federal Court's annulment of the arbitration Awards in Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS). As international interest in the sports sector increases, related disputes are also increasing. Therefore, the role of CAS specializing in sports disputes is becoming very important. In particular, the Swiss federal court's annulment of the arbitral awards made by the CAS could contribute significantly to the development of sports arbitration in the future. Looking at the case analyzed in this study, first of all, it is about the partiality of the arbitrator. The court judged that the arbitrator posted and shared racist articles on SNS, which could be sufficiently biased. Next, it is about the uncertainty of the arbitration clause. The arbitral award was finally canceled due to the issue of whether the CAS could make an arbitral award with jurisdiction over a clause that includes both dispute resolution through a sports organization and dispute handling in a national court. As a result of the analysis of this study, in the case of unclear arbitration provisions, it will be necessary to prepare an arbitration agreement. In addition, in the case of unclear arbitration provisions, it will be necessary to prepare a post-arbitration agreement. Finally, in order to revitalize sports arbitration, it will be necessary to train professional arbitrators in Korea, support them to work internationally, and establish specialized arbitration institutions.

S-OJT 성공요인과 예기치 않은 성과에 관한 사례연구 (Case Study on Critical Success Factors and Unexpected Consequences of Structured OJT)

  • 문재승;황희중
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - Recently on-the-job training (OJT) has become the most preferred training and development method with the emergence of the concept that workplace is the best place where learning take place. But many researchers argue that OJT is not helpful for the performance of organization because OJT is not systematic and mostly depend on quality of trainer. Since Jacobs & McGriffin introduced S-OJT (structured OJT), there has been plenty of researches. But most of the researches have focused mainly on employee's attitude and organizational performance caused by S-OJT and neglected a holistic approach of S-OJT as a system. S-OJT need to be analyzed comprehensively to understand training performance because S-OJT is operated as a system consist of input, process, and organizational context. Although S-OJT may create unintended consequences, there were few researches to explore them. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors for S-OJT and to find unintended consequences of it. Research design, data and methodology - We conducted a case study on M business unit of A company which developed and has been implementing S-OJT program for years. We designed and prepared the process, collected and analyzed data for the study. We set the theoretical framework to analyze the case after reviewing theories and previous studies on S-OJT. We collected and analyzed internal reports and interview results of the employees of the M business unit. We tried to collect as many information as possible to secure the validity of the research results. Results - The critical success factors identified in the study are as follow. First, it is important to select and train proper trainers for S-OJT. Second, it is needed to develop structured training module. Third, organization have to use effective communication system like on-line community. Forth, trainer should have proper skills for training such as facilitating skill, coaching skill, and delivering skill etc. Fifth, proper learning place is needed. Sixth, organizational support is important especially, immediate supervisor support and concern is critical. Eleventh, it is needed to consider situational contexts. Among them, overload to the trainer will affect the effectiveness of S-OJT. In this study, we found an additional unintended consequence. "To teach is the best way to learn." Experience as a trainer give employee an opportunity to organize one's knowledge and skill and to attain facilitation skill, coaching skill, and relation skill. Thus, organization may use S-OJT to train the potential talent. Conclusions - Many organizations introduced S-OJT to train the newcomers because S-OJT drew attention as an important tool to develop employees. Following this trend, there has been increasing number of researches to find the results of S-OJT and identify the determinants of S-OJT success. However, most of the researches concentrated on finding effects of some factors neglecting holistic approach. This study tried to identify critical success factors affecting effectiveness of S-OJT by using case study and find additional unintended consequence. The results of the study will be useful for organizations which have a plan to adopt S-OJT.

WTO 보조금 분쟁을 대비한 수출신용제도 운영방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Operation of Export Credit Policy preparing for possible WTO ASCM Disputes)

  • 오원석;김필준;백승택
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제57권
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    • pp.283-303
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    • 2013
  • When a trade conflict arises related to an officially supported export credit programme, The World Trade Organization(WTO), decides on whether the programme is a forbidden subsidy stipulated in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(the ASCM Agreement). Korea was taken to the WTO panel two times for the export credit programme. One is the semiconductor case in 2002 and the other was the shipbuilding disputes in 2004. And, In 2012, the U.S. Commerce Department ruled K-SURE's export insurance for Korean refrigerator manufacturers as a forbidden subsidy even if the case was not taken to the WTO. This paper examines the significance of export credit programmes on the WTO ASCM Agreement and discusses how to operate these programmes so they would not infringe upon the Agreement by analyzing the actual cases of WTO subsidy conflicts that involved Korean enterprises in relation to export credit programmes for the purpose of determining the related issues and impacts. From this research the results were as follows: First, on whether export credit is a prohibited subsidy, the deciding factor was whether a benefit has been conferred to the beneficiary. On the presence of a benefit, the WTO panel used market benchmarks as the main criteria. Thus, official export credit agencies(ECAs) should be careful not to provide export credit support which had been granted to the beneficiary at better than market terms. Second, in the case of export credit, the special status of ECA as a public body receiving government support itself does not constitute a subsidy. However, caution must be taken not to provide export credit that may lead to WTO ASCM subsidy conflicts involving a certain exporter or industry by setting up clear and valid regulations and fair work processes in the operation of export credit programmes. Third, item (j) of Annex I cannot be interpreted reversely as this item is for interpreting the presence of a prohibited subsidy, not the presence of a benefit. Thus, an export credit program that confers a financial contribution, a benefit and specificity, could qualify as a prohibited subsidy. Fourth, ECAs not only have to maintain long-term account balance but also introduce additional measures to meet this long-term balance such as a clear and systematic premium system. Finally, export credit programmes that are not defined in item (j) of Annex I of the ASCM Agreement would not deemed as an prohibited export subsidy as long as the continued support of the programmes are not being forced.

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