• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

The Customs Administration, unlike other administrative service, should respond to constantly changing external environment. The Customs has to actively adapt itself to government policy changes, economic changes and international environment changes to facilitate the flow of trade logistics and maintain trading relations wi th other countries. The purpose of this paper is to explain policy directions of the Korea Customs Service which enforces various policies related to tariff and non-tariff barrier elimination for the trade liberalization while the Korean government is pursuing FTAs on a multi-track basis. This paper aims to seek ways to apply FTA policies to the Korean society and economy in a smooth manner. First of all, this paper examines changes in Customs administration brought by the proliferation of FTAs to such areas as FTA negotiations, import/export management, duties and taxes collection, drawback reduction/exempt ion of duty application area of preferential tariff rate and country of origin management. Then, the paper sets FTA missions of "supporting Customs Administration to lead the new trend of free trade environment" after analyzing the environment changes. To achieve the FTA mission mentioned above, the KCS designated 4 strategies and 40 implementation tasks. The 4 strategies are named "4C Strategies" taking initial letters from Client-oriented, Customized procedures, Cooperation and Constitution. "4C" also refers to Foresee(strategies to foresee the successful establishment of FTA policies) or For C(Customer or Customs). The KCS will continue to create new tasks through various channels and monitor their implementation process, and to help FTA regime successfully take root in Korea.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.81-97
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the revitalization of the green logistics of Korean companies by presenting the current status and problems of Korean logistics as influenced by government policies. This paper analyzes green logistics from a legal and institutional perspective. Analysis focuses on low-carbon green growth measures and government policy, especially for CO₂ reduction. It considers how policies can be enacted to promote green logistics. This study reports several findings on green logistics in Korea. First, it reports the theoretical considerations of the Republic's green logistics. Second, the study details the current status and problems of green logistics. Third, it considers ways to implement a green economy, green technology, and green transportation, while also considering arguments for avoiding these eco-friendly solutions. Fourth, it argues that revitalization measures are needed to establish an advanced logistics system for eco-friendly green logistics facilities. To achieve this revitalization, Korean logistics should be competitive in the global logistics market. This study may contribute to the expansion of the industrial cooperation of Korean logistics companies by presenting necessary review tasks for governmental green logistics policies, although the issue has long been important to Korean logistics.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study strategic trade policies under international process research and development (R&D) competition with or without market leaders for free trade and a subsidy regime and compare the effects of R&D subsidies and export subsidies on the equilibrium levels of firm profit and social welfare. Design/methodology - For the analysis, we use previous work by Haaland and Kind (2008) and construct a differentiated goods duopoly model, wherein two firms compete via quantity in a third-country market for free trade and the subsidy regime. We consider simultaneous-move quantity competition when the two firms choose their quantities simultaneously and sequential-move quantity competition when they choose their quantities sequentially. The results are compared to those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004), who studied export subsidies. Findings - The following are the findings. First, the results of firm preference orderings regarding firm position from Dowrick (1986) and Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) may not hold in our model when the firms' strategies are strategic substitutes under free trade. Second, the preference rankings under Cournot competition for free trade and a subsidy regime are the same as those in the strategic trade policy of export subsidy. Third, except for the cases of too close substitutes and complements, the results of firm and government preferences regarding firm position are different from those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) in that Stackelberg leadership in a subsidy regime is advantageous when the goods are substitutes but is disadvantageous when the goods are complements. Moreover, the equilibrium level of firm profit is the highest in the Cournot-Nash play when the goods are substitutes in a subsidy regime. Fourth, except for the cases of too close substitutes and complements, the results of firms' and their respective governments' trade regime preferences are similar to those of Balboa, Daughety and Reinganum (2004) in that a Stackelberg leader firm and government prefer free trade if the goods are substitutes and prefer a subsidy regime if the goods are complements. Furthermore, a Stackelberg follower firm and government strongly prefer a subsidy regime to free trade. Originality/value - By analyzing the effects of R&D subsidies and export subsidies in international markets, we can find similarities and differences between them in international markets.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.82-100
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper attempts to compare five free trade agreements with gender chapters ratified by Chile and Canada and derives lessons for Korea in terms of gender-aware trade policy. While Chile and Canada have three and two FTAs with gender chapter respectively, Korea has none so far, although it has already ratified an FTA with the two countries. Design/methodology - This study first investigates all the gender-provisions with the gender chapters, conducts a comparative analysis on the five chapters as well as a case study of one target FTA's implementation and achievements, and finally suggests policy implications for Korea's trade administration as well as trade-related agencies. Findings - According to the analysis, there are three phases in terms of advancement in gender-related trade policy. As Chile is in phase two and Canada is in phase three, Korea remains in phase one. It has a ministry related to gender within the government, but not within the OMT. It has statistics on female business, but not of women traders. It has a few gender-related provisions in its FTAs, but not a gender chapter. In this sense, new mandates related to gender-aware trade policy for OMT, KITA, and KOTRA should be provided to realize the concrete economic benefits resulting from empowering women traders and policies promoting them. Originality/value - Existing studies only focus on introducing gender-related international commitments and Korea's participation in them. This paper is the first attempt to compare actual gender chapters of five FTAs ratified by two countries with the most advanced gender chapters in the world. To gain benefits from the positive gender impact of trade agreements, negotiating and signing gender responsive FTA with future partners is one of the most efficient, as well as inclusive, trade policies urgently needed for Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

In the past, trades with the Latin American markets were not active since the South Korean companies simply considered them substitute markets whenever exports were slow. However, the importance of these markets is highlighted anew thanks to the signing of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Presently, Latin American nations are pursuing FTA with various nations in the world, regardless of the geographic boundaries, in order to vitalize their economy and attract foreign capital. Despite these efforts to liberalize the market, Latin American regions continue to restrict importation by leveraging diverse set of trade regulation policies. This research examines trade regulation policies in the Latin American regions and proposes Korea's countermeasures.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

In the past, trades with the Latin American markets were not active since the South Korean companies simply considered them substitute markets whenever exports were slow. However, the importance of these markets is highlighted anew thanks to the signing of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Presently, Latin American nations are pursuing FTA with various nations in the world, regardless of the geographic boundaries, in order to vitalize their economy and attract foreign capital. Despite these efforts to liberalize the market, Latin American regions continue to restrict importation by leveraging diverse set of trade regulation policies. This research examines trade regulation policies in the Latin American regions and proposes Korea's countermeasures.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2015

Purpose - This study undertakes to examine the automotive trade structure between Korea and Russia to accelerate economic cooperation and pinpoint trade discrepancies to increase trade volume through improved policies, eventually finding ways for trade expansion. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze trade decision factors for both countries, the Index of trade specialization invented by trade specialization theory, is used. Although specific factors should materialize in the trade decision analysis, realistically, concrete explanations are difficult as many unsolved factors are involved as well as their complexities Results - First, to assess comparative market competitiveness, the Index describes A value/B value, representing the Korean versus the Russia market share and the Korean market share versus the world. Second, the index shows that Korea is taking comparative advantage of its export specialization. Third, the RCA indices show considerable improvement compared to 2000. Conclusions - This research used a quantitative approach to examine trade specialization and examined a comparative advantage index of market share to see how inter-trade relations have changed over the past 10 years.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2021

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is designed to intensify bilateral trade between China and the BRI countries through the improvement of transportation connections. However, little research has empirically investigated the impacts of this policies on the trade patterns. This paper attempts to evaluate the impacts of BRI on the trade patterns of Tanzania. Our study extends the original gravity model of bilateral trade by adding GDP per capita, population and proximity as the explanatory variables. According to our research, we observed that the BRI significantly impacted the Tanzania's trade patterns, as it led to the increase of bilateral trade flow between Tanzania and China more importantly between Tanzania and its adjacent countries. It indicates that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has boosted Tanzania's trade exclusively, hence the Tanzania's export sector earns greater trading potential with the adjacent countries.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.513-536
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the status and problems of trade risk management of Korean companies in Incheon area trading with China and to suggest some improvement measures. On the survey with twenty five questions on company profiles, business process and transactions, claims and trade risks, etc. with Chinese trading partners, the following facts are found. In general, Chinese policies on foreign trade, finance, labour, investment, etc. and China's logistics system have caused great worries to Korean companies in Incheon area. This kind of risks from Chinese government policies and China's economic structure are beyond control of each company. Korean government should take more effective measures to negotiate with Chinese government. In the stage of contract, procurement and transportation, settlement, disputes resolution and etc. Korean companies in Incheon area also have many problems with relatively high risks with Chinese trading partners. Based on these survey results, some suggestions for better trade risk management are given.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper tries to estimate the effects of China's and Japan's free trade agreement (FTA) by panel generalized least squares (GLS). Design/methodology - The GLS model includes the basic gravity theory and Difference in Difference (DD) method to divide FTA conclusion countries and non-FTA conclusion countries with China and Japan. In order to empirically research the difference between Chinese and Japanese FTAs, we use the Difference in Difference in Difference (DDD) method. Findings - This paper finds the distance variable has more influence on Japanese than Chinese trade. The exchange rate indicates that Chinese trade depends on export and Japanese trade has the structure of re-import; shows that the countries that concluded FTAs with China and Japan have more positive trade effects than those that did not; finds the Chinese FTA promotion effects greater than the Japanese FTA because China had pushed ahead with trade policy since joining the WTO in 2001. Originality/value - This study shows that a single country's FTA and trade policies are an important factor concerning not just the promotion of trade but also the issue of trade conflicts.