• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.543-552
• /
• 2012

Parrondo paradox is a counter-intuitive phenomenon where two losing games can be combined to win or two winning games can be combined to lose. When we trade stocks with a history-dependent Parrondo game rule (where we buy and sell stocks based on recent investment outcomes) we found Parrondo paradox in stock trading. Using stock data of the KRX from 2008 to 2010, we analyzed the Parrondo paradoxical cases in the Korean stock market.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2012

Purpose - The objective of the paper is to explain the economy and trade development between South Korea and Shandong, strengthening logistics Industry cooperation of both sides increasingly important. Research design, data, methodology - The study conducted a survey on Shandong is the earliest economy and trade exchanges with South Korea in China. Shandong and South Korea share the similar geopolitical, the same culture and long exchange history etc. Results - This study explores current situation and existing problems the logistics cooperation between Korea and Shandong, and recommendations so as to further trade between two sides. Conclusions - Logistics cooperation of China and South Korea is an important part of the international logistics cooperation in Northeast Asian Economic Circle, and the logistics cooperation between Shandong and South Korea occupies an important position in logistics cooperation of China and South Korea.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.259-275
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze trade environment and examine a commercial practices for a successful launching of Indian market In general, Indian trade environment is composed of a natural environment, religious peculiarity, history and politic and economic prospect. In order to understand Indian commercial practices and secure business achievements, its national character, mode of living, customs related to foods and social relations such as exchange of gifts, religious taboos, tendency of product preference should be recognized. The results of the study indicate mostly that even though an excellent brand image, a good quality and an efficient sales network are a basic factor for making of a successful business, practically it is more important to understand a business customs and national character of indian people. Because business is accomplished through relationship between human beings eventually.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.87-105
• /
• 1999

A objective of this study is to examine a commercial practices and analyze a trade environment for a successful launch of Indonesian market. In general, Indonesian trade environment is composed of a natural environment, religious peculiarity, history and politic, an economic prospect. In order to understand a commercial practice exactly and then be possible a favorable business achievement, a natural character, a mode of living, custom of a meal and invitation, custom of gift, religious taboo, a human relationship, commercial power, a tendency of product preference should be recognized. The results of the study indicate mostly that even though an excellent brand image, a good Quality and an efficient sales network are a basic factor for making of a successful business. However practically it is more important to understand a business custom and a natural character of Indonesian. Because business is made up of through relation between human being eventually.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-61
• /
• 2007

In 1607 a delegation was dispatched from Chosun to Japan (under the condition that prisoners of war were returned) to restore the destroyed relationship between the nations due to a war and to restore economic profits. This delegation later on became a delegation representing faith in each other. It contributed greatly to the Korea-Japan cultural exchanges in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was also a cornerstone for the exchange of Korea's distinguished studies as well as medical technology and Japan's results of international trade such as sweet potatoes, pepper, and tobacco. This thesis is one that discusses the study of documents produced during this process.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2022

The exemption clause of recurring shipments refers to the insurer's exemption in Short-term Export Credit Insurance for the additional shipment which was shipped on board while any foregoing shipment was unpaid beyond its due date over 30 days. The recurring shipments are constituted with two factors: the due date of the foregoing shipment and the shipment date of the additional export. The exemption clause of recurring shipments has been eased by extending the grace period for payment up to 60 days from 30 days for the transactions between exporters and importers having the history of payments which were made customarily in delay. This research argues that the current grace period is for the buyers who customarily delay their payments, and that the insurer introduce a grace period for shipment in favor of exporters for the additional shipment which was delayed in on-boarding due to reasons beyond the control of exporters. In consideration of the waiting time and the on-boarding time at ports for container freight, shipments are frequently delayed, which entails those shipments to be indemnified by the exemption clause of recurring shipments. Roll-overs and Blank Sailings also cause the container freight to be delayed in on-boarding. This research is expected to contribute to further development of Short-term Export Credit Insurance in K-SURE.

• 수완나부미
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.81-118
• /
• 2020

Despite its centrality at a pivotal crossroads of both land and sea of East-West trade, communications and travel, the region now known as Southeast Asia provides very few scholarly works situating or featuring it in an international context. Because of this paucity, there is immense scope for exploration. But prior to further explorations, justification is needed to establish that Southeast Asia, as a region, is a subject of interest, relevance, and significance in a global context. Southeast Asia was home to several empires whose reach transcended the region and beyond. Southeast Asia in, and as part of international history as an area of study is therefore justifiable. Moreover, other factors come into play, viz. geography, resources, migration, diffusion of ideas and beliefs from without and accommodation from within, shared experience of imperialism and colonialism, decolonization, and the Cold War, and the collective fate under the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), that further bolster its rationalization as a component of international history. Explorations, on the other hand, examine issues and obstacles that contribute to the paucity of works on Southeast Asia in international history. Furthermore, in contextualizing Southeast Asia in international history, there might appear challenges that need to be identified, confronted, and resolved.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.455-470
• /
• 1993

In recent years, the intellectual property rights (IPR) are increasingly becoming trade goods and the subject of international trade negotiations. During the past decades, intellectual properties earned critical importance for economic development in both developed and developing countries. Developed countries, headed by the United States, that recognize the economic value of the IPR in the world market are aggressively seeking for universal protection of IPR throughout the world. Intellectual properties have unique qualities that distinguish them from other tangible goods. Most importantly, they are public goods created on the basis of knowledge and information accumulated throughout human history and shared by different cultures. However, there is a growing tendency that the quality of public goods are being etched away as the property concept in IPR expands. In this paper, I discuss how copyright and patent laws incorporated the concept of property right as natural right to one's intellectual creations in early formation of the laws in Europe. I argue that copyright law and patent law are the historical products resulting from political, economic, and ideological factors interacting in a certain society. A history of copyright and patent points to that the intellectual property rights as natural lights of authors and inventors as argued by developed countries in international disputes, are not universal, but unique historical products. Copyright and patent laws have been shaped and developed as regulatory measures by governments to promote and control industries by providing authors and inventors with monopoly incentives. Since property right was used as a regulatory device it was restricted. This is to enhance the distribution of knowledge and information rather than to ensure the property right as an absolute right.

• Asian review of World Histories
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.197-216
• /
• 2014

This paper examines A. G. Frank's views about 15th-19th Korea (Joseon Dynasty) in his Reorient. A. G. Frank recognized that Korea might have played a great role in the international relations of East Asia, but he did not write systematically about it and he did not treat Korea as an independent player in the history of East Asia. I think the greatest limitation to his re-interpretation of East Asia is in that he depends too much on China's and Japan's perspective. In order to overcome Frank's shortcomings regarding the history of Korea, first I examine what Frank recognized about the Joseon dynasty between 1400 and 1800. Next I compare Joseon's development to that of China and Japan between 1400 and 1800. Frank compared Europe and East Asia (mainly China and Japan) from three aspects of quantities (population, production, productivity, and trade), qualities (science and technology), and mechanism (economic and financial institutions). With this research we insist that Joseon should not be dismissed in 15th-19th East Asia. The reasons are as follows. First, Joseon between 1400 and 1800 had developed economically as much as China and Japan. Second, Joseon had played a great role in connecting China and Japan and had a positive influence on the development of Japan. So we need to reappraise Reorient's view about East Asia. Only when role of Joseon can be correctly estimated, the dynamics and diversity of East Asia can be properly understood.