• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the dual effects of corruption control on economic growth in relationship with the stock market and trade openness in developing countries. The study used difference S-GMM method on the dynamic panel data model in the period (2002-2017) with data collected from the World Bank. The study discovers the dominant impacts of corruption control in the relationship with the stock market on economic growth. At the same time, the study also confirms the overwhelming impact of corruption control in the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in the developing countries. In addition, the study shows that inefficient stock markets in developing countries will not promote economic growth. Meanwhile, the long-standing credit market has a positive impact on economic growth. With the strong development of stock market and trade openness in the period (2002-2017), control on corruption in developing countries does not get better in time with the increase in demand. The findings of this study suggest a number of solutions to strengthen corruption control, leading to the increased efficiency on the stock market and as well as encouraging the positive effects of trade openness to contribute to promoting economic growth in developing countries.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.155-174
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• 2008

This study wished to inspect about certificate of origin issuance authorities subject in certificate of origin issuance mode by spread of FTA, and investigate about improvement plan of current certificate of origin issuance authorities choice for smoothness trade business our country in FTA age to be expanded gradually. Fundamental purpose and meaning of FTA strengthen industry competitive power of two countries because expand trade and investment between the agreement conclusion country, and is expected to esteem agreement target department's estimation at FTA certificate of origin issuance subject choice because is meaning that strengthen trade competitive power, and raise trade company's convenience. Therefore, our country FTA representative authorities is recognized authoritativeness and stability from trade company and trade connection authorities, and is suitable in legal application or institution that can propel with consistency about policy propelled hereafter has to be chosen, FTA agreement country is representative authorities that recognize, and to issue from customs services which is a government agency which can progress business is place of origin issuance business and the place of origin examination, is expected to become more and more effective.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.607-616
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• 2021

The European Union Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) took effect on August 1 paving the way for increased trade between the EU and Vietnam; this marked a huge turning point for the Vietnamese economy. Agriculture products, especially fruits, must be listed when it comes to Vietnam export industries that profit the most from EVFTA. After a period of study, with the desire to contribute to the improvement in the efficiency of Vietnam's agricultural products to the EU, the researchers want to assess the impact of the EVFTA on the flows of Vietnamese fruits to the EU market. The study uses a quantitative analysis method via the WITS-SMART model with data on export turnover and tariff reductions in parallel with the analysis of changes in factors affecting the trade flows of fruits between the two markets when the EVFTA takes effect. As a result, Vietnam's fruit importing from the EU is expected to escalate by 29.18% in 2021, while the flow of export will only inch up by 0.955%, which is rather low compare to the increase in import value. Hence, effective policies must be introduced in Vietnam to innovate production methods and increase product quality, so that the EVFTA can be used to boost Vietnam's fruit exports to the EU.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to identify the role of technological progress in the distribution sector in Saudi Arabia. Research design, data, and methodology: The study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to estimate the Cobb Douglas production function of the wholesale and retail trade sector in Saudi Arabia, relied on annual data from the General Authority for Statistics from 2005 to 2019. Results: The results show that there is a long run relationship between the production of the wholesale and retail trade sector in KSA and the factors of production labour, capital and technology progress. The elasticity of the wholesale and retail trade production with respect to capital and labour are 0.26 and 0.78 respectively; the coefficients are positive and statistically significant. The wholesale and retail trade sector is operating under increasing returns to scale. The main result indicates that the elasticity of the wholesale and retail production with respect to the technology progress is 4.62%, which is positive and statistically significant. Conclusions: The study concluded that technological progress has a positive contribution to the growth of the distribution sector in KSA. Therefore, the technological progress can improve the productivity and efficiency of the resources allocated to the dis.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2021

This study analyzes the economic effect through the use of the RCEP direct transport rules, and suggests the necessacity of logistics efficiency and policy alternatives. The advantage of the hub network has been widely applied to the international logistics system, but there is a limit in the FTA logistics system in which goods must be directly transported between two contracting parties. Therefore, based on the new RCEP direct transport rules and the theoretical review on the possibility of an FTA logistics hub, FTA logistics efficiency improvement is estimated. This study quantitatively estimated the economic effect of direct transportation, unlike the previous studies, which were limited to the analysis of judicial precedents or surveys. GTAP model was used through five scenarios according to the impact of the RCEP tariff cut and the FTA logistics hub establishment in Singapore or Korea. As a result of the analysis, Korea's trade volume increased by 0.38% of exports and 1.63% of imports, and RCEP would increase exports by 0.27% and imports by 0.42%. In particular, the establishment of an FTA logistics hub (0.71%) was found to have a greater effect on the improvement of terms of trade than a tariff cut (0.12%), confirming the necessity of establishing an FTA logistics hub in RCEP. As a policy proposal, the institutional support of the customs authorities for the use of RCEP, the expansion of the free trade area where BWT traded cargo can be stored, and the establishment of a system for issuing back-to-back certificates of origin with approved exporters.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

본 연구는 중국의 대외무역정책 조치가 중국에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하며 중국의 양자 무역이 실질실효환율의 움직임에 크게 영향을 받는다는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 총무역흐름과 환율변동의 관계를 분석한 결과 실질환율의 하락이 중국의 수출량을 증가시키고 수입량을 소폭 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중국의 수출량은 환율수준에 비해 환율변동성에 대한 민감도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 나아가 세분화된 무역흐름에 대한 실증결과는 상품마다 환율변동에 따라 상이한 영향을 받고 있음을 시사하고 있다. 자본재와 소비재는 서로 다른 가공 단계에 있으므로 환율 하락으로 인해 수출입에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보학연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2004

본 연구는 최근 컴퓨터사용의 보편화와 정보통신기술이 발달로 급속히 진전되어 가고 있는 전자무역거래의 전분야 중에서 컴퓨터 On-Line(E-mail과 WWW 등)을 통한 전자무역계약의 성립법리과 UCC를 중심으로 한 전자무역계약의 성립요건을 살펴보고 일본법과 UNCITRAL Law, 그리고 EU지령 등을 중심으로 전자무역계약의 성립시기와 그 계약의 휴요성을 구체적으로 제시함으로써 인터넷시대에 대응한 전자무역계약성립에 대한 명확한 이론정립에 도움을 주고자함을 목적으로 한다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.141-160
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• 2021

The scale of global FDI has been decreasing since 2016 due to the ongoing US-China trade dispute, the strengthening of FDI inflow screening regulations with concern over strategic technology leaks, and the spread of reshoring trends due to the reinforcement of national preferences. Eventually, the competition to attract FDI between countries is expected to become more intense. Therefore, in order to attract high-quality FDI for Korea that will contribute to the development of the national economy, it is pressing to evaluate and improve the domestic FDI attraction environment. This study aims to analyze which areas of Korea's economic and non-economic environments need improvement for gaining advantage amid the fierce competition to attract FDI between countries, by the relative comparison between Korea and the U.S., and based on the ranking indicated in key FDI attractiveness indices. As a result, improvement is needed in the following areas. First, according to IMD's "World Competitiveness Ranking 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of business efficiency, productivity, finance and business legislation in terms of government efficiency. Second, according to INSEAD's "Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of internal openness, external openness, employability, lifelong learning, access to growth opportunity, and business and labor landscapes. Third, according to WEF's "Global Competitiveness Index 2019", Korea was inferior to the US in terms of product market, labor market, business dynamism and workforce skills.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.471-501
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• 2021

본 연구는 투입물 거리함수에 의한 메타확률 프런티어 방법을 사용하여 1998년부터 2018년까지 4개 소득그룹의 이산화탄소 기준의 환경효율성(EE)을 측정하였다. 에너지 소비가 이산화탄소 배출을 증가시키고, 노동과 자본투입을 증가하면 이산화탄소 배출을 감소시킬 것임을 보여주고 있다. 또한 그룹환경효율성(GEE: Group Environmental Efficiency), 메타환경효율성(MEE: Meta Environmental Efficiency) 및 환경격차(EGR: Environmental Gap Ratio)를 비교하였다. 결과는 GEE가 과대평가되고 MEE는 이 기간 동안 하향세를 보여주고 있다. 중하위 소득그룹의 EGR은 가장 높았다. 그리고 고소득 및 중상위 소득그룹의 MEE 및 EGR이 상대적으로 낮았다. 환경효율성을 높이려면 화석에너지를 저감하고 기준 환경 문제를 해결하는 방법이 보다 과학적이고 기술적인 방법을 찾아 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2022

Purpose - Recent issues such as vessel enlargement, strengthening of environmental regulations, and port smartization are expected to increase costs and intensify competition in the port industry. In the new normal era, when external growth has reached its limit, the efficient operation of ports is becoming indispensable for achieving sustainable growth. This study aims to identify the determinants of inefficiency by examining the cost structure and efficiency of container terminals in Korea and furthermore propose the political implications to derive the maximization of efficiency. Design/methodology - This study estimates the cost function of container terminal operators and identifies the efficiency of container terminals using stochastic cost frontier (SCF) in the first stage. In the second step, the SCF results are compared with the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Last, this paper proposes efficiency determinants on container terminal operation to establish appropriate strategies. Out of the 29 container terminal operators in South Korea, 13 operators participated in the survey. The translog cost function was estimated utilizing a total of 116 observations collected over the 2007-2017 period. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that economies of scale exist in Korea's container ports, which provides a rationale for the government's policy to establish the global terminal operator by integrating small terminal operators to enhance competitiveness. In addition, as a result of the determinants analysis, container throughput, weight of direct employment costs, and labour cost share have positive effects on improving cost efficiency, while inefficiency increases as the length of quay increases. More specifically, cost efficiency improves as the proportion of direct employment costs to outsourcing service costs increases. Originality/value - This study contributes to analyzing the inefficiency factors of container terminals through efficiency analysis with respect to a cost function. In addition, this study proposes the practical and political implications, such as establishing a long-term manpower pool, the application of the hybrid liner terminal system, and the construction of a statistical data system, to improve the cost inefficiency of terminal operators.