• 정보학연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

전자상거래의 도입으로 인하여 전신송금환(T/T)${\cdot}$우편송금환(M/T)${\cdot}$송금수표(D/D)와 같은 단순송금방식(Remittance), 현금결제방식(COD)과 서류결제방식(CAD), 지급인도조건(D/P)${\cdot}$인수인도조건(D/A)과 같은 추심 결제방식, 신용장(Letter of Credit)방식 등 기존의 무역결제수단이 신용카드(Credit Card), 전자화폐(Electronic Cash), 전자자금이체(EFT; Electronic Fund Transfer), 무역카드(TradeCard), SWIFT의 전자신용장(Electronic L/C), 볼레로 시스템 등의 전자결제시스템으로 전환되었다. 이에 본고는 대표적 전자무역결제시스템인 볼레로와 무역카드를 비교${\cdot}$분석함으로써 이들 시스템의 활용가능성을 모색하고자 하는 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

In this paper, the first to identify in detail the direct and indirect causes of trade claims and to provide a way to prevent the causes and measures specific claims. Trade claims is not the best way to prevent in advance, measures to prevent future trade claims is as follows. First, it should be the credit investigation of the counterparts. Second, the contract must determine the rights and obligations of each other through sufficient consultation with contract and faithfully perform its contractual obligations. Third, the explicit trade arbitration clause of arbitration in the contract, and shall be a sufficient review of the procedure such as import and export, international business practices, norms and partners of economic policy, foreign exchange regulations, the trade system transactions. Finally, for it is to be treated as a one-stop strengthening the organization and function, and the Ministry of Commerce and Trade Association, and KOTRA and Trade Insurance Corporation strategic support systems, such as done by covering the work on trade claims prevention and resolution in the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.427-451
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• 2016

With WTO system starting since 1995, the international trade business has been getting more competitive and fairer especially with the agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures. The export credit insurance, as the only institution of supporting export business under WTO system, is getting more significant in major economies as an indirect means to support export business. In China, SINOSURE has been monopolizing its export credit insurance market for a long time. Since January 2013, however, the Chinese government permitted several commercial insurers to compete in the market and they include PICC, PING AN, CPIC, China Re. This study is to discuss how to improve the Chinese export credit insurance after analyzing performance of privatization of short-term credit insurance and real cases of success and failures. With the 'Go Global' and 'One Belt, One Road' policy of Chinese government, the role of export credit insurance is expected to be more significant. Thanks to the Korea-China FTA since December 2015, international trade between the two countries will be greater especially in finance and insurance area. Because Korean insurance industry is very much interested in getting into Chinese export credit insurance market, they need to study carefully the performance of privatization of Chinese short-term export credit insurance. For their policy decision makings the Korean authorities need to get lessons from the privatization of Chinese short-term export credit insurance business.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.533-551
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• 2008

Export Credit Agency(ECA) plays a role of importance in international trade and investment flows. The first ECA, the Export Credits Guarantee Department(ECGD) of the United kingdom, was established in 1919. Its original purpose was to encourage and support exports that would not otherwise have taken. Similar motivations led to the establishment, most of those in operation today. Their traditional role is to support and encourage exports and outward investment by insuring international trade and investment transactions, and in some cases by providing trade finance directly. ECA come in all shapes and sizes, and there in no such thing as a typical ECA model. Most of them insure both political and commercial risks on exports and until the last decade. They operated as government entities or on the account of their government, and many of them have changed and are still changing. This study focuses and analyzes the changes of those four major countries' ECAs, which are the U.S.A.(EXIM), France(COFACE), Japan(JBIC), and Canada(EDC).

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2022

The exemption clause of recurring shipments refers to the insurer's exemption in Short-term Export Credit Insurance for the additional shipment which was shipped on board while any foregoing shipment was unpaid beyond its due date over 30 days. The recurring shipments are constituted with two factors: the due date of the foregoing shipment and the shipment date of the additional export. The exemption clause of recurring shipments has been eased by extending the grace period for payment up to 60 days from 30 days for the transactions between exporters and importers having the history of payments which were made customarily in delay. This research argues that the current grace period is for the buyers who customarily delay their payments, and that the insurer introduce a grace period for shipment in favor of exporters for the additional shipment which was delayed in on-boarding due to reasons beyond the control of exporters. In consideration of the waiting time and the on-boarding time at ports for container freight, shipments are frequently delayed, which entails those shipments to be indemnified by the exemption clause of recurring shipments. Roll-overs and Blank Sailings also cause the container freight to be delayed in on-boarding. This research is expected to contribute to further development of Short-term Export Credit Insurance in K-SURE.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.259-283
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• 2013

수출신용보증은 수출계약과 관련하여 외국환은행이 중소기업자인 수출업자에게 수출신용보증서를 담보로 대출함에 따라 발생하는 수출자의 상환채무에 대하여 한국무역보험공사가 그 지급을 연대보증하는 것으로 외국환은행은 안심하고 수출금융을 취급할 수 있다. 또한 중소기업 수출자도 별도의 담보를 제공하지 않아 현재 중소기업은 전용보증제도인 수출보험제도를 가장 선호하고 있다. 하지만 한국무역보험공사가 지원하는 수출신용보증의 경우 최근 5년간 인수실적이 공사 전체 인수실적(보험 및 보증인수 총액, 총 604조여 원)의 2.64%(16조여 원)에 불과한데도 5,262억 원의 보험수지 적자가 발생하는 등 무역기금손실의 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 중소기업의 건전한 수출지원 정책으로서 안정적인 무역금융지원기반을 마련하고 기금운용의 건전성 확보와 절감 방안을 검토하기 위해 2011년 11월 감사원의 무역보험실태 보고서를 토대로 수출신용보증제도의 사례분석을 통해 문제점을 고찰하고 무역보험운용상의 개선방안을 도출하고자 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.73-97
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• 2003

In this paper, I examined the trends of standardization and electronization of trade documents and SWIFT network. Also, I reviewed on emerging electronic documentary credit for electronic payment and electronic presentation of documents. New international trade customs and practices are being established and changed as a result of the growth of the Internet and other on-line networks. At the same time there is increasing pressure to move from existing paper-based documentary credit to electronic documentary credit. Several projects devoted to development of an electronic letter of credit infrastructure have recently been proposed such as Bolero, SWIFTNet, UNeDocs and eUCP, etc. Yet, little can be done until the presentation process is electrified between traders and banks. Also, interbank communication of letters of credit has long been electronic, mainly through the SWIFT. However, it is not functioned between applicant and beneficiary, although the solution of SWIFTNet has recently been developed. The Banking Commission of International Chamber of Commerce established a working group consisting of experts in the related fields to prepare the appropriate rules as a Supplement to UCP 500 for Electronic Presentation: eUCP. The eUCP will provide the necessary rules for the presentation of the electronic equivalents of paper documents under letters of credit. Some problems of electronic presentation under the eUCP, exist such as format, presentation of electronic records and the way of beneficiary's notice for completeness under the Article e5 if more than one record is to be presented electronically by third parties. Therefore, it is encouraged to provide more detailed guide for eUCP Article e5.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.395-423
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• 2014

This study examines the role of trade finance in the trade collapse of 2008-09 from the perspective of the Korean economy. We use two approaches. Firstly, as background to a more formal analysis, we make a casual observation on the behavior of aggregate data on trade finance, on which Korea has relatively abundant data. Aggregate data do not convincingly support the view that trade finance played an active role in causing the trade collapse. The measures of trade finance and the value of trade both dropped sharply, but the ratio of trade finance over trade was stable and in some cases increased during the crisis period. Secondly, using quarterly data on listed firms in Korea, we conduct panel estimations to test whether firms that are more dependent on external finance experienced greater export contraction during the crisis. Our regression analysis suggests that the financial vulnerability of firms, measured by various financial ratios, did not contribute to export contraction during the financial crisis. This observation largely applies even to smaller firms, who are usually thought of as being more vulnerable financially. However, we find that small exporters that relied heavily on cross-border trade payables or receivables suffered larger drops in export growth during the crisis.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.53-82
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• 2016

본 연구는 최근 정체기에 접어들었다고 볼 수 있는 전자무역 연구에 조금이라도 도움이 되기 위해 기획되고 연구되었다. 무엇보다 본 연구의 배경은 외국에서의 전자무역에 관한 선행문헌과 국내에서의 전자무역에 관한 선행문헌이 서로 다르다는 것에서 출발한다. 외국에서의 전자무역 연구 동향은 주로 통관 업무에 국한되어 연구가 진행되는 경우가 많았지만 국내에서의 전자무역 연구 동향은 주로 대금결제와 선하증권의 전자화 등 대금결제의 전자화 및 전자신용장의 구축을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 이와 같은 차이점이 실제 전자무역 구축에도 그대로 이어져 외국에서의 전자무역 구축 동향과 국내에서의 전자무역 구축 동향이 서로 다소 다르게 이루어졌다. 미국을 중심으로 한 선진국에서는 통관 및 물류 영역을 중심으로 전자무역이 구축되었고 우리나라에서는 통관 영역의 전자화도 이루어졌지만 신용장을 포함한 결제 영역에서도 전자화도 구축되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근에 논의되고 있는 글로벌 전자무역 동향을 비교적 심도 있게 분석하였으며 한국의 전자무역 추진의 핵심 당사자인 한국무역정보통신과 관세청이 구현한 우리나라 전자무역 현황을 알아보고 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 한국 전자무역 추진상의 여러 문제점을 도출하였고 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하였다. 논의 결과, 우리나라 전자무역 구축은 향후 전자신용장 등 대금결제의 전자화 보다는 통관, 물류 영역의 전자화가 더욱 필요하다고 분석되었다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2013

중국 중소형 기업들에게 상업은행을 통한 자금 조달은 매우 중요한 자금 조달의 원천이 되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 기업들의 신용보증 부족으로 중국 상업은행은 중소형 기업들에 대한 자금 공여를 꺼리고 있는 실정이며 이러한 현실은 이들 기업의 무역활동에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 중국 중소형 기업들에 대한 신용 보증기관의 위험에 관해 VAR 모델을 적용하여 중국 보증기관의 위험에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고 자 한다. 분석 결과, 기업 규모는 그다지 통계적으로 유의한 요인이 되지 못하였으나 기업의 고정자산 비율 등 담보 관련 정보는 신용보증기관의 VAR를 감소시키는 요인으로 분석되었다. 또한 기업 관련 제품의 독창성 여부 및 중소형 중국기업의 운영위험은 신용보증기관의 VAR와 양의 관계를 보여주고 있다고 분석되었다.