• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tractive force

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Using Closed Loop Flux Estimator The Sensorless Vector Control Of Induction Motor (폐루프 자속추정기를 이용한 철도차량의 유도 전동기 센서리스 벡터제어)

  • Jang, Jin-Hyog;Hwang, Lak-Hun;Cho, Moon-Taek
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.1092-1099
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    • 2006
  • Displayed system equationally using accurate dynamic modeling of whole system including induction motor and load to analyze induction motor to normal condiction's action characteristic as well as transient characteristic using power converter device such as inverter in this paper. Also, presume adhesive power calculation through speed sensorless vector control and load torque disturbance observer for maximum tractive force control. Confirmed proposed algorithm through simulation and an experiment using railroad experiment equipment to embody control algorithm of such system. With relation of adhesive power about the wage speed by speed addition and subtraction of railway vehicle, embodied all sorts item by experiment equipment.

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An Experimental study on correlation of velocity and tractive force and bed materials loss in the high velocity using new eco-material (친환경 신소재를 이용한 고유속흐름에서 유속과 소류력의 상관성 및 하상재료의 유실에 관한 실험연구)

  • Kim, Gwang Soo;Jung, Dong gue;Kim, Young Do;Park, Yong Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2019.05a
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    • pp.134-134
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    • 2019
  • 전 지구적 기후 변화가 진행함에 따라 극심한 강우가 증가하고 그로인해 하천의 유량과 유속이 증가하여 제방의 침식 또는 하상의 여러 변화가 일어나 문제가 되고 있다. 이를 예방하기 위한 국내 하천사업에는 호안공법과 높은 유속의 흐름에서도 유실이 되지 않는 하상재료에 대한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있으며, 호안공법을 도입 할 때 유속과 하상재료에 따라 하상변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 하상재료의 유실과 직접적인 관계가 있는 허용 유속, 소류력에 대해 평가하고 설계하는 것은 하천설계기준에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트와 같이 수질오염을 유발하지 않는 친환경 신소재를 활용하여 실제 제방과 하상에 사용되고 있는 재료인 모래와 황토를 혼합하여 이용하였으며 유속 6 m/s까지 재현이 가능한 실험실 규모의 무경사고속수로와 실시간 데이터측정 장치를 이용하여 유속과 소류력의 상관성을 분석 및 흐름특성을 파악하고 하상의 재료에 대한 적용성을 검토하며 재료에 대한 유실정도를 평가하였다.

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Surface erosion behavior of biopolymer-treated river sand

  • Kwon, Yeong-Man;Cho, Gye-Chun;Chung, Moon-Kyung;Chang, Ilhan
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2021
  • The resistance of soil to the tractive force of flowing water is one of the essential parameters for the stability of the soil when directly exposed to the movement of water such as in rivers and ocean beds. Biopolymers, which are new to sustainable geotechnical engineering practices, are known to enhance the mechanical properties of soil. This study addresses the surface erosion resistance of river-sand treated with several biopolymers that originated from micro-organisms, plants, and dairy products. We used a state-of-the-art erosion function apparatus with P-wave reflection monitoring. Experimental results have shown that biopolymers significantly improve the erosion resistance of soil surfaces. Specifically, the critical shear stress (i.e., the minimum shear stress needed to detach individual soil grains) of biopolymer-treated soils increased by 2 to 500 times. The erodibility coefficient (i.e., the rate of increase in erodibility as the shear stress increases) decreased following biopolymer treatment from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 10-6 times compared to that of untreated river-sands. The scour prediction calculated using the SRICOS-EFA program has shown that a height of 14 m of an untreated surface is eroded during the ten years flow of the Nakdong River, while biopolymer treatment reduced this height to less than 2.5 m. The result of this study has demonstrated the possibility of cross-linked biopolymers for river-bed stabilization agents.

Analysis of Hydraulic Effect by River Dredging in a Meandering Channel (하도준설이 사행하천에 미치는 수리학적 영향 분석)

  • KIM, Tae-Hyeong;KIM, Byung-Hyun;HAN, Kun-Yeun
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.14-30
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    • 2015
  • This paper attempted to analyze the hydraulic effects that the dredging can take as an alternative to reduce possible damages of flooding due to the overflow of river levee in meandering rivers, where riverbed aggradation, seepage and erosion may occur. In order to make a hydraulic analysis in a section of meandering rivers, a two-dimensional hydraulic analysis model, RMA-2, was selected. The GIS was applied to construct two-dimensional finite element grids to consider the hydraulic conditions before and after dredging. The water surface elevations, depths, velocities, and tractive forces were compared before and after the dredging. The difference of water surface elevation between the inside and outside of river was turned out to be the maximum value of 0.58m under the design flood condition. It could be evaluated that the tractive force at the bank decreased about 42 to 67% on average for all the sections. These results could give valuable information that the dredging of the stream channel at the meandering sections decreased the risk of overflow, seepage and erosion of the banks. The methodologies given in this study will contribute to mitigating the flood damages in the surrounding farmlands.

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Grousers on the Soil Thrust of Off-road Tracked Vehicles (그라우저 효과를 고려한 야지궤도차량의 지반추력 평가연구)

  • Baek, Sung-Ha;Chung, Choong-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2018
  • When an off-road tracked vehicle travels, an engine thrust that is transmitted to the continuous track induces a shearing action on the soil-track interface. Consequently, the relative displacement known as slip displacement takes place on the soil-track interface, which develops an associated soil thrust acting as a traction force. For the loose or soft ground conditions, an excessively large slip displacement can be required for the development of the desired soil thrust which will make the tracked vehicle mobile and therefore the outer surface of the continuous track is generally designed to protrude with grousers. This paper fundamentally studied the effect of grousers on the soil thrust of off-road tracked vehicles. Based on the soil-track interaction theory, a new soil thrust assessment method that properly takes into account the effect of grousers was developed. Also, the soil thrust of off-road tracked vehicles equipped with a number of grousers was evaluated using the developed assessment method. The results showed that grousers increased the soil thrust of the continuous track, enhancing the overall tractive performance of off-road tracked vehicles. These effects were more obvious as the height of grouser increased and the spacing of grouser decreased; thus, it is concluded that the grouser which has smaller shape ratio (span of the grouser to a grouser height) significantly enhances off-road tracked vehicle's performance.

Study on the Behavior of Curved Track in Honam High-Speed Line considering the Running Performanace for HEMU 430-X (HEMU 430-X 주행특성을 고려한 호남고속철도 곡선궤도구조의 거동연구)

  • Kang, Yun-Suk;Um, Ki-Young;Kim, Seog-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.8
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    • pp.4068-4076
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    • 2013
  • The wheel-rail interaction forces are influenced by the velocity of vehicle, wheel load, alignment (curve radius, cant etc). For the safety of track structure, it is required to evaluate the influences for track and influential factors. Recently, the HEMU 430-X, which was developed by Next Generation High-Speed Rail Development R&D Project, achieved 421.4km/h in a test run of Daegu.Busan section of the Gyeongbu high speed rail on March in 2013. In the case of additional speed-up test on Test-Bed Section(Gongju.Jeongeup: KP 100~128km Osong starting point), the analysis of track forces is required for outer rail by the increase of dynamic force and centrifugal force of vehicle. In this paper, the vehicle speed variation on HSL line is evaluated by TPS analysis considering the tractive effort of HEMU 430-X, tested running resistance and alignment of Honam HSR. And the track forces are evaluated by centrifugal force and impact factor on curved track.

A Study on the Installation of Groyne using Critical Movement Velocity and Limiting Tractive Force (이동한계유속과 한계소류력을 활용한 수제 설치에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yeong Sik;Park, Shang Ho;An, Ik Tae;Choo, Yeon Moon
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2020
  • Unlike in the past, the world is facing water shortages due to climate change and difficulties in simultaneously managing the risks of flooding. The Four Major Rivers project was carried out with the aim of realizing a powerful nation of water by managing water resources and fostering the water industry, and the construction period was relatively short compared to the unprecedented scale. Therefore, the prediction and analysis of how the river environment changes after the Four Major Rivers Project is insufficient. Currently, part of the construction section of the Four Major Rivers Project is caused by repeated erosion and sedimentation due to the effects of sandification caused by large dredging and flood-time reservoirs, and the head erosion of the tributaries occurs. In order to solve these problems, the riverbed maintenance work was installed, but it resulted in erosion of both sides of the river and the development of new approaches and techniques to keep the river bed stable, such as erosion and excessive sedimentation, is required. The water agent plays a role of securing a certain depth of water for the main stream by concentrating the flow so much in the center and preventing levee erosion by controlling the flow direction and flow velocity. In addition, Groyne products provide various ecological environments by forming a natural form of riverbeds by inducing local erosion and deposition in addition to the protection functions of the river bank and embankment. Therefore, after reviewing the method of determining the shape of the Groyne structure currently in use by utilizing the mobile limit flow rate and marginal reflux force, a new Critical Movement Velocity(${\bar{U}}_d$) and a new resistance coefficient formula considering the mathematical factors applicable to the actual domestic stream were developed and the measures applicable to Groyne installation were proposed.

A Study on Balanced -type Oseillating Mole-Drainer(III)-Model Test for Draft Force, Torque, Power and Moment (평행식 진동탄환 암거 천공기의 연구(III)-견인력, 토크, 동력 및 모멘크에 관한 모형시험-)

  • 김용환
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1976
  • This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Safety Stiffness from Ship's Mooring Bollards (선박 접안용 계선주의 안전 강성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Yong-Ung;Kim, Seung-Yeon;Lee, Yun-Sok
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2019
  • Mooring bollards are the mandatory facility in ports for they are the objects used to fasten the ship to its position at the berth. All the mooring bollards were installed following suggested sizes, numbers, materials and shape of installation according to Port and Fishing Design Standards. However, Korea has no management standard for use of mooring bollards to safety in ship berthing. In this research, the installation standard for mooring bollards including the holding power applied to mooring bollards in berthing was studied. Also, the performance of mooring bollards for minimum safety guarantee in berthing based on research of various specification by their sizes was analyzed. The analysis on mooring bollards was examined by each power on mooring bollards from the applied force in berthing divided into horizontal and vertical direction in order to examine the performance of domestic mooring bollards, the limit force is calculated based on detailed specification research result. As a result, the working stress according to the towing force was found to be at least 150Mpa and it was evaluated to be 60% of the limit strength. Also, by comparing each forces, the appropriateness was examined and the specification of maximum capability calculated. This performance evaluation method based on detail specification of mooring bollards will be expected to be useful to examine the appropriateness of mooring bollards for various types of vessel in berthing and to develop maintenance and management standard through the performance change evaluation referring to mooring bollard detailed specification changes.

Simulation of Field Soil Loss by Artificial Rainfall Simulator - By Varing Rainfall Intensity, Surface Condition and Slope - (인공강우기에 의한 시험포장 토양유실량 모의 - 강우강도, 지표면 및 경사조건 변화 -)

  • Shin, Minhwan;Won, Chul-hee;Choi, Yong-hun;Seo, Jiyeon;Lee, Jaewoon;Lim, KyoungJae;Choi, Joong-dae
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.785-791
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    • 2009
  • Using artificial rainfall simulator, the soil loss, which is deemed as the most cause of muddy water problem among Non-point source (NPS) pollutant, was studied by the analysis of direct runoff, groundwater discharge, and soil water storage properties concerned with rainfall intensity, slope of area, and land cover. The direct runoff showed increasing tendency in both straw covered and bared soil as slope increases from 5% to 20%. The direct runoff volume from straw covered surface were much lower than bared surface. The infiltration capacity of straw covered surface increased, because the surface sealing by fine material of soil surface didn't occur due to the straw covering. Under the same rainfall intensity and slope condition, 2.4~8.2 times of sediment yield were occurred from bared surface more than straw covered surface. The volume of infiltration increased due to straw cover and the direct runoff flow decreased with decrease of tractive force in surface. To understand the relationship of the rate of direct runoff, groundwater discharge, and soil water storage by the rainfall intensity, slope, and land cover, the statistical test was performed. It shows good relationship between most of factors, except between the rate of groundwater storage and rainfall intensity.