• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.16-33
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• 2021

Objectives This study aims to provide directions for future Korean pediatric medicine treatment and researches by analyzing the characteristics of diseases of Korean pediatric outpatients before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods We analyzed the medical records of 10,868 new patients aged 0-18 who visited the Korean pediatrics at Kyung Hee university hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021. All patients were divided into 2 groups; patients who visited from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, before the coronavirus epidemic, and patients who visited from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, after the coronavirus epidemic. Within the two groups, the diagnosis distribution was performed for the entire population, by gender and by age group. Diagnoses were classified as allergy, growth, gastrointestinal, respiratory, general body supplementation, neuropsychiatric, skin, urogenital, musculoskeletal, and other systems. Results According to the comparative analysis results of before and after the COVID epidemic, there was a decreasing trend of diagnoses in relates to allergy, respiratory, urogenital, musculoskeletal system. On the other side, there was an increasing trend in gastrointestinal, general body supplementation, growth, neuropsychiatric, skin and other system. Changes in diagnosis based on gender and age group will be described below. Conclusions This study analyzed the characteristics of diseases of Korean pediatric outpatients before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, and suggested the direction of future Korean medicine treatment and researches for pediatrics. Also, this study aimed to propose proper treatments for children by showing the role of Korean pediatric medicine related to growth and development of children during the epidemic. However, this study has limitations such as failure to track the long-term impact of COVID-19. Thus, long term follow-up studies are needed to show the effect of COVID-19 on Korean pediatric medicine.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

대다수의 기업은 유무형의 자산을 보호하기 위한 방안으로, IT서비스망에 다양한 보안 장비를 구축하여 정보보호 모니터링을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 서비스 망 고도화 및 확장 과정에서 보안 장비 투자와 보호해야 할 자산이 증가하면서 전체 서비스망에 대한 공격 노출 모니터링이 어려워지는 한계가 발생하고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위한 방안으로 외부자의 공격과 장비 불법통신을 탐지할 수 있는 다양한 연구가 진행되었으나, 대규모 서비스망에 대한 효과적인 서비스 포트 오픈 감시 및 불법 통신 모니터링 체계 구축에 대한 연구는 미진한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 IT서비스망 전체 데이터 흐름의 관문이 되는 네트워크 백본장비의 'Netflow 통계 정보'를 분석하여, 대규모 투자 없이 광범위한 서비스망의 정보 유출 및 불법 통신 시도를 감시할 수 있는 프레임워크를 제안한다. 주요 연구 성과로는 Netflow 데이터에서 운영 장비의 텔넷 서비스 오픈 여부를 6개의 ML 머신러닝 알고리즘으로 판별하여 분류 정확도 F1-Score 94%의 높은 성능을 검증하였으며, 피해 장비의 불법 통신 이력을 연관하여 추적할 수 있는 모형을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2022

Background: The current study reports measurements of activity concentrations of radon (²²⁰Rn) and thoron (²²⁰Rn) in dwellings, followed by inhalation dose assessment of the public, and then by the development of regulation and the national radon action plan (NRAP) in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Radon, thoron, and thoron progeny measurements were carried out from 2014 to 2017 using radon-thoron discriminative detectors (commercially RADUET) in 450 dwellings and thoron progeny monitors in 350 dwellings. From 2019 to 2020, radon track detectors (commercially RADTRAK) were deployed in 1,400 dwellings. It was found that activity concentrations of radon range in 1,850 houses from 10 to 2,620 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 76 Bq/㎥. Results and Discussion: Activity concentrations of thoron range from 20 to 700 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 107 Bq/㎥. Thoron equilibrium factor ranges from 0.01 to 0.6, with an arithmetic mean of 0.09 that is higher than the default value of 0.02 given by UNSCEAR. On average, 49%, 9%, and 2% of all surveyed houses have radon concentrations above 100, 200, and 300 Bq/㎥, respectively. The average contribution of thoron to the inhalation dose due to radon and thoron exposure is about 40%. Thus, thoron cannot be neglected in dose assessment to avoid biased results in radio-epidemiological studies. Only radon was considered in the drafted regulation and in the NRAP adopted in October 2020. Reference levels of 300 Bq/㎥ and 1,000 Bq/㎥ were recommended for dwellings and workplaces. Conclusion: Priority actions for the coming years include the following: radon risk mapping, promotion of a protection policy against radon in buildings, integration of the radon prevention and mitigation into the training of construction specialists, mitigation of dwellings and workplaces with high radon levels, increased public awareness of the health risks associated with radon, and development of programs on the scientific and technical aspects.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.403-425
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• 2007

최근 몇 년, 동안 많은 경제전문가와 학자들은 중국의 빠른 경제성장 출현이 세계의 정치와 경제에 중요한 이슈가 될 것이라고 예견해 왔다. 중국의 급속한 성장을 주요한 문제로 받아 들이 면서 급성장에 기여한 요인들과 향후 중국의 경제성장 정책방향에 대하여 주의 깊게 분석하여 연구하기 시작하였다. 이것은 놀라운 일이 아니라는 것을 이 논문을 통해서 이해하게 될 것이다. 경제성장 요인으로는 해외직접투자 (FDI), 수출 그리고 경제개혁이 가장 중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌으며, FDI는 자동차와 운수장비, 전력장치와 가전분야에 집중 되었으며 이는 경제 성장뿐만 아니라 선진국과의 격차 해소에 필수적인 기술집약적인 분야에 집중 투자 함으로서 세계 수출입 시장으로의 원동력이 되고 수출입의 증가로 인해 많은 외환의 비축을 촉진시키게 되었다. 본고에서는 다음의 내용을 소재로 중국경제 정책의 방향을 중점 연구하였다. 1. 중국의 경제성장과 발전의 중요한원동력이 무엇이며 향후에도 과거와 같은 경제성장 이 지속 될 것이며 또 얼마동안 지속될 것이냐? 2. 중국의 경제 성장이 원자재의 품귀와 가격상승으로 원자재 시장을 교란시켜 왔는데 과잉 외환보유를 해소하기 위해 정부 주도의 원유 및 전략물자와 기술도입의 확대 등. 3. 중국 경제에서 과다 외환보유로 인한 리스크 증가에도 불구하고 민간부분의 자율외환시장 기능 확대와 향후에도 정부주도형 외환관리와 경제정책 시스템을 유지 등.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion). Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows; 1. There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05). 2. The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated postoperative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3. The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). 4. There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5. The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6. In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperative misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and postoperation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2001

Purpose : This study, as the first year project of setting up a community based management system, was attempted for the cancer patients and their family to improve their quality of life; investigating and managing the cancer patients, educating volunteers and connecting the patients with the volunteers were performed. Method and result : The education of managing cancer patients for the volunteers was done once in lune for 2 days to the 80 volunteers. Questions about education effect, volunteer motivation and so on were made up. The survey showed, generally, education satisfaction level was high and a longer education and an intensive course were needed and was suggested that organizing a volunteer community be needed for the continuous further education and systematic management. As the result, after the public health center and volunteers deliberated, a volunteer community consisting of 4 teams, 28 members was organized, launched in Oct. and operated for the cancer patients and their family. For investigating and enrolling the patients, advertising on a local information paper, recommending of local doctors, publicizing by educating the heads of a subdivision of the city, the heads of a neighborhood association and the people in charge of the related local communities such as women's society, and surveying the community by volunteers were performed and the total, 41 patients were registered. Management of cancer patients was carried out by volunteers in a community and in a nursing school. A regional volunteers' community is composed of 23 members and they have worked 87 times, that is 3.8 times per capita on an average. The content of duties is attending the education (41.1%) the most. A volunteers' community of nursing students composed of 12 members have worked 135 times, that is 11.3 times per capita on an average. The content of duties - consulting with patients and home visiting (37.8 %) were the most and survey for investigating the cancer patients was the second. Conclusion : This study has the meaning that this is the guiding attempt in building a community based management system, and especially the achievement of this study is that a regional society organized a volunteer community for the cancer patients by itself and went into action for the cancer patients and their family. Furthermore, to activate this volunteering, it is necessary to keep managing volunteers and running continuing education or the intensive course of the volunteers. Indeed we should let the patients have good impression on this program through publicity and education for the residents to keep track of more cancer patients. For that, systematic and powerful cooperation of a self-administrative organization is required.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.5-31
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• 2012

본 연구는 유아교육 및 보육과 관련한 주요 학회지를 중심으로 1995년부터 2011년까지 발간된 유아교육정책과 보육정책의 연구동향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국학술진흥재단에 등재된 학회지 논문 총 126편을 대상으로 유아교육정책과 보육정책에 대한 연구동향을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 유아교육정책 영역, 보육정책 영역, 유아교육정책과 보육정책이 포괄적으로 관련된 영역 등 세 가지 영역을 기준으로 분석하였고, 연도, 연구주제, 연구유형, 연구목적, 자료수집 방법, 연구형태, 연구자 수, 연구비 지원에 대한 연구동향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 2000년대 중반 이후부터 본 연구의 주제와 관련한 다수의 논문이 발간되었으며, 특히 보육 분야의 정책 연구가 가장 활발하게 이루어졌다. 연구주제는 연도별로 다양한 주제의 논문이 발간되었고, 연구유형은 문헌연구, 연구목적은 정책의 현황 및 실태 분석, 자료수집 방법은 문헌고찰, 연구형태는 사례 연구, 연구자 수는 개인연구, 연구비 지원은 비지원을 통한 연구가 가장 많이 이루어졌다. 이와 같은 연구결과에 기초하여 유아교육정책과 보육정책에 대한 전반적 방향에 대해 논의한 후 향후 과제와 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.309-326
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• 2020

초기 단계의 창업기업들의 경우 축적된 실적이 없는 관계로, 기업과 투자자 간에는 항상 정보의 비대칭 문제가 존재한다. 이에 자원 확보의 가능성을 향상시키기 위한 전략으로서 자신들의 기술 및 시장 잠재력을 알릴 수 있는 '신호'를 활용하는 전략이 강조되어 왔다. 정부지원은 공정하고 치열한 경쟁과정을 거친다는 점에서 초기 창업기업에 대해 보다 객관적인 정보를 제공하고 기업의 역량 및 잠재력을 보증하는 신호 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 허들 모형을 활용하여 정부지원 및 투자유치 간 양적 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 정부지원규모와 투자유치규모 간 비례적 관계를 가지지만, 기술창업기업이 첫 투자를 유치하는 단계를 넘어서는 데는 일정 규모 이상의 정부지원이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 투자유치여부와 투자유치규모가 결정되는 메커니즘이 상이한 만큼, 신호이론 관점의 연구들이 투자유치과정의 허들 구조를 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 또한 초기 단계의 기술창업기업이 첫 투자를 유치하는 단계를 넘어서는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는, 즉 '문지방 효과' 창출에 특화된 지원방법이 모색될 필요가 있다고 하겠다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.154-165
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• 2006

Objectives : It is difficult to place implants at a severely atrophied edentulous mandible because of vertical and horizontal alveolar defect. The autogenous and allogenic bone graft and guided bone regeneration are useful, but there are some limitations such as the resorption and infection of the grafted bone, and insufficiency of soft tissue. Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major draws of conventional augmentation procedures, we, therefore, report the four applications of implant placement after vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Patients and Methods : Four patients(all female, mean age: $60{\pm}6$ years) with severe alveolar ridge deficiencies at their anterior mandible were treated with vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis by intraoral device(Track 1.5, 15 mm model, KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) and placement of implants (Branemark MK III, TiUnite). After the latency periods of 5, 7, 8 days, distraction rhythm and rate were $0.5\;mm{\times}2\;times/day$ in the case of good bone quality, and $0.25\;mm{\times}3\;times/day$ in the case of poor bone quality. After consolidation periods of mean fifteen weeks, five implants for each patients were placed at the interforaminal area. Results : On average, a vertical gain of $11.38{\pm}1.38\;mm$ was obtained by distraction. And all distraction zone showed complete ossification by panoramic radiography. There were no postoperative complications other than numbness of lower lip in one case. Total twenty implants in four patients were placed and their outcomes were satisfactory. Conclusion : It is a useful method to place five implants after vertical distraction osteogenesis of the severely atrophied mandible for the implant-supported fixed prosthesis.