• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1979

Detailed human gross anatomic structures have been characterized. No similar data are available in nonhuman primate species in spite of close phylogenic similarity found between man and nonhuman primates. The ever increasing incidence of lung cancer and air pollution related respiratory ailments found in man emphasizes the need for an ideal animal model for studying pathogenesis of these various human pulmonary diseases. Thus, detailed investigation of pulmonary structures found in various species of nonhuman primates is warranted. For determining primate gross pulmonary anatomic structure, published works concerning the number of tracheal cartilage, angle of tracheal bifurcation, caliber of trachea, lung lobe and bifurcation position of trachea recorded for several species of nonhuman pimates, were reviewed. Limited information is available concerning the number of tracheal cartilage, width of tracheal cartilage, angle of bronchus, caliber of trachea and bronchus, and the bifurcation position of the trachea including the length of bronchus on nonhuman primates. Since scanty data have been gathered with no specific reference to their age, sex and body weight, they have no comparative values.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2018

Objective: Diseases of the respiratory system are one of the main causes of death and include situation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia or asthma. Medicinal plants have beneficial effects on multiple diseases include respiratory disorders like asthma and bronchitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of U. dioica and L. Album on tracheal smooth muscle contraction. Material and methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of L. Album and U. Dioica aerial parts were prepared by maceration method and standardized based on their total phenol content. The effect of the extracts on the KCl-induced contraction of rat trachea was examined in an organ bath chamber. Data was analyzed with spss software 22. Results: The extract of L. Album (5 mg/ml), similar to theophylline (20 mM), significantly reduced the KCl-induced tracheal contraction. On the other hand, U. Dioica (1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml) augmented the KCl-induced contraction. Conclusion: The relaxant effect of L. Album on the trachea makes it as a candidate for the managing patients with asthma and obstructive pulmonary diseases. But because of U. Dioica potential constrictive effect on the trachea it is suggested that patients avoid consuming it.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.1087-1093
• /
• 1998

Mucormycosis is the common name given to several different diseases caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. The mucoraceae are ubiquitous fungi and are common inhabitants of decaying matter. In contrast to the widespread distribution of these fungi, disease in humans is limited, in most cases, to people with severe immunocompromised, diabetes mellitus, or trauma. 1be fungus gains entry to the body through the respiratory tract. The spores are presumably deposited in the nasal turbinates and may be inhaled into the pulmonary alveoli. The manifestations of mucormycosis are rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and miscellaneous. Sporadic reports can be found of mucormycosis involving other areas : heart, bones, kidney, bladder, mediastinum, and trachea. However, isolated tracheal mucormycosis is very rare. Therefore, we report a 57-year old, noninsulin dependent diabetic woman who presented with acute, severe degree of upper airway obstruction due to isolated mucormycosis of the trachea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.72 no.6
• /
• pp.486-492
• /
• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical situations requiring rigid bronchoscopy and evaluate usefulness of rigid bronchoscopic intervention in benign or malignant airway disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from November 2007 to February 2011 at St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine. Results: Of the 29 patients, the most frequent underlying etiology was benign stenosis of trachea (n=20). Of those 20 patients, 16 had post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), 2 had tracheal stenosis due to inhalation burn (IBTS) and other 2 had obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP). Other etiologies were airway malignancy (n=6), endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (n=2), and foreign body (n=1). For treatment, silicone stent insertion was done in 16 cases of PITS and IBTS and mechanical removal was performed in 2 cases of OFTP. In 6 cases of malignant airway obstruction mechanical debulking was performed and silicone stents were inserted additionally in 2 cases. Balloon dilatation and electrocautery were used in 2 cases of endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis. In all cases of stent, airway obstructive symptom improved immediately. Granulation tissue formation was the most common complication. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis was most common indication and silicone stenting was most common procedure of rigid bronchoscopy in our center. Rigid bronchoscopic procedures, at least tracheal silicone stenting, should be included in pulmonary medicine fellowship programs because it is a very effective and indispensable method to relieve critical airway obstruction which needs training to learn.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.876-881
• /
• 1998

Tracheal papillomatosis is rare. When the disease starts during childhood, it usually appears to be self-limiting if properly managed. In adults, however, the disease sometimes runs a more protracted course with a higher risk of developing cancer. The tumors are derived from the tracheal surface epithelium and tracheal mucous glands and usually grow exophytically. Treatment has traditionally been with repeated endoscopic resection. However, in view of its viral origin, attempts have been made to control the disease with interferon. A 67 years-old man was presented with exertional dyspnea. He was treated for bronchial asthma at another hospital. There was no improvement in his symptom. He was referred to this hospital, and a bronchoscopic biopsy showed tracheal papillomatosis. He was undergone bronchoscopic laser therapy with symptomatic improvement.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1977.06a
• /
• pp.9.1-10
• /
• 1977

Many etiological factors playa significant role in the development of tracheal stenosis; too high tracheostomy (Jackson, 1921), too small stoma (Greisen, 1966), the treatment with respirator using cuffed tube (Pearson et al., 1968; Lindholm, 1966; Bryce, 1972) and infection (Pearson, 1968). Although the incidence has been reduced due to development of surgical technique and antibiotics, the frequency of tracheal stenosis which produces symptoms after tracheostomy ranges from 1.5 per cent (Lindholm, 1967). In the management of the stenosis, mild cases are treated by mechanical dilatation with silicon tube or stent (Schmigelow, 1929; Montgomery, 1965) combined steroid (Birck, 1970), and in the cases of stenosis causes, these removed under the are bronchoscopy. But in severe stenosis, transverse resection with subsequent end-to-end anastomosis has been used in recent years (Pearson et al., 1968). During about 10 years, 1967 to 1977, a total of 23 patients with tracheal stenosis complicated among the 1, 514 tracheostomies have been treated in Severance Hospital. Now, we have obtained following conclusions by means of clinical analysis of 23 cases of tracheal stenosis. 1. The frequency of tracheal stenosis was 23 cases among 1, 514 cases of tracheostomy (1.5%). 2. Under the age of 5, these are 12 cases (52.2 %). 3. The sex incidence was comprised of 18 males and 5 females. 4. The duration of tracheostomy ranges from 4 days to 16 months. 5. The primary diseases requiring tracheostomy were following; central nerve system lesions 11 cases, upper air way obstruction 10 cases, extrinsic respiratory failure 2 cases. 6. Severe wound infections were only 2 cases. 7. The methods of treatment applied to tracheal stenosis were following; closed observation only 5 cases, nasotracheal intubation combined steroid 5 cases, T-tube stent combined steroid 3 cases, fenestration op. 4 cases, revision 4 cases and transverse resection and end-to-end anastomosis 2 cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.67 no.2
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2009

The majority of flexible bronchoscopies are performed under topical anesthesia with lidocaine being the most commonly used agent. Anaphylaxis rarely occurs after local administration of lidocaine, but can be a fatal complication. We experienced a case of unexpected anaphylaxis. A 66-year-old woman was scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy to evaluate a tracheal mass and stenosis. The oral and nasal mucosa were pretreated with lidocaine. About 2~3 minutes later, the patient developed hypotension and we treated for anaphylaxis in the emergency room. Then, we decided to perform rigid bronchoscopy in this patient, under conditions of general anesthesia. A rigid bronchoscopy was performed in this patient, safely and successfully. The tracheal mass was determined to be squamous cell carcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.704-708
• /
• 1999

Hemangioma is benign tumor that represent an fail in development of the vascular system, network or retiform stage. As with hemangioma elsewhere, spontaneous regression may occur. Histologically capillary hemangioma has a diagnostic lobular arrangement of capillaries and almost all of them are located in nasal or oral mucous membranes. But, as we know, there is no report of hemangioma located in the trachea in Korea, so we report a case of tracheal hemangioma which was manifested massive hemoptysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.616-621
• /
• 1993

Leiomyoma of the trachea is a very rare tumor, and the tracheal tumor is frequently misdiagnosed and treated as bronchial asthma. We report here a case of leiomyoma of the trachea which was successfully resected. A 40-year-old woman has sufferred from a repeated episode of asthmatic attack for two years. Intensive therapy for asthma had no beneficial effect on her respiratory symptoms, and wheezing and stridor did not disappear. Chest CT and bronchoscopy revealed a pedunculated mass on the trachea just above the carina. Wedge resection of the trachea and right main stem bronchus including the tumor and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The result of the pathologic examination of the tumor was tracheal leiomyoma. Her postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative bronchoscopic findings showed clear healing of the anastomosis site.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.857-862
• /
• 1999

In contrast to juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, which occurs most often in children and teenagers and is usually self limited, soliatry papillomas in adults are one of uncommon tumors of airway, and have a higher incidence of cancer. They are caused by the respiratory infection of human papilloma virus(HPV). They could spread to more distal airways and have a tendency of recurrence after limited surgical excision. Recently endoscopic therapies such as Nd-YAG laser, electrocautery, and cryotherapy provide extremely effective treatment modalities. We report a case of solitary tracheal papillomas in a 48 year-old man who presented with cough, scanty hemoptysis, and functional evidence of central airway obstruction. He was successfully treated by a Nd-YAG laser therapy via fiberoptic bronchoscopy under the local anesthesia.