• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.346-355
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• 2015

It suggests a closet design for infants in consideration of space utilization, furniture arrangement, and goods storage by integrating a baby's closet and toy chest, which was used for storage of baby's toys and play instrument. For this, it conducted and analyzed data research on the infants' toy chests in the domestic and overseas market and based on such approach, the colors that helped development of infants' cognition and emotion were selected while suggesting familiar animal characters for infants. Without considering separate arrangement of furniture and toy chest within limited space, it allowed space utilization and provided enough storing space. Also, the attached ball casters enabled easy carry of the closet and with this function, it helps infants arrange and store goods by themselves so that making them feel a sense of accomplishment. For effective spatial utilization as well as security of its genuine storage function, the closet and toy chest were combined in this study. Thus, it is believed that development of such multifunctional furniture will suggest the direction of researches on domestic furniture development that are conducted to maximize utilization of residential space for the people living today.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.117-140
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• 2019

As the aging phenomenon accelerates and various social problems related to the elderly of the vulnerable are raised, the need for effective elderly care solutions to protect the health and safety of the elderly generation is growing. Recently, more and more people are using Smart Toys equipped with ICT technology for care for elderly. In particular, log data collected through smart toys is highly valuable to be used as a quantitative and objective indicator in areas such as policy-making and service planning. However, research related to smart toys is limited, such as the development of smart toys and the validation of smart toy effectiveness. In other words, there is a dearth of research to derive insights based on log data collected through smart toys and to use them for decision making. This study will analyze log data collected from smart toy and derive effective insights to improve the quality of life for elderly users. Specifically, the user profiling-based analysis and elicitation of a change in quality of life mechanism based on behavior were performed. First, in the user profiling analysis, two important dimensions of classifying the type of elderly group from five factors of elderly user's living management were derived: 'Routine Activities' and 'Work-out Activities'. Based on the dimensions derived, a hierarchical cluster analysis and K-Means clustering were performed to classify the entire elderly user into three groups. Through a profiling analysis, the demographic characteristics of each group of elderlies and the behavior of using smart toy were identified. Second, stepwise regression was performed in eliciting the mechanism of change in quality of life. The effects of interaction, content usage, and indoor activity have been identified on the improvement of depression and lifestyle for the elderly. In addition, it identified the role of user performance evaluation and satisfaction with smart toy as a parameter that mediated the relationship between usage behavior and quality of life change. Specific mechanisms are as follows. First, the interaction between smart toy and elderly was found to have an effect of improving the depression by mediating attitudes to smart toy. The 'Satisfaction toward Smart Toy,' a variable that affects the improvement of the elderly's depression, changes how users evaluate smart toy performance. At this time, it has been identified that it is the interaction with smart toy that has a positive effect on smart toy These results can be interpreted as an elderly with a desire to meet emotional stability interact actively with smart toy, and a positive assessment of smart toy, greatly appreciating the effectiveness of smart toy. Second, the content usage has been confirmed to have a direct effect on improving lifestyle without going through other variables. Elderly who use a lot of the content provided by smart toy have improved their lifestyle. However, this effect has occurred regardless of the attitude the user has toward smart toy. Third, log data show that a high degree of indoor activity improves both the lifestyle and depression of the elderly. The more indoor activity, the better the lifestyle of the elderly, and these effects occur regardless of the user's attitude toward smart toy. In addition, elderly with a high degree of indoor activity are satisfied with smart toys, which cause improvement in the elderly's depression. However, it can be interpreted that elderly who prefer outdoor activities than indoor activities, or those who are less active due to health problems, are hard to satisfied with smart toys, and are not able to get the effects of improving depression. In summary, based on the activities of the elderly, three groups of elderly were identified and the important characteristics of each type were identified. In addition, this study sought to identify the mechanism by which the behavior of the elderly on smart toy affects the lives of the actual elderly, and to derive user needs and insights.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.38.1-38.13
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• 2022

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) technique of sacroiliac luxation in toy breed dogs using cannulated screws has not been described. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic canal recovery, the reproducibility of successful surgery outcomes, and the acceptable difficulty of the procedure in MIS of sacroiliac luxation in toy breed dogs. Methods: MIS using 2.3-mm cannulated screws was demonstrated in 12 toy breed dog cadavers with sacroiliac luxation artificially induced. Pre and postoperative radiographs were used to evaluate the pelvic canal diameter ratio (PCDR), hemipelvic canal width ratio (HCWR), and reduction rate. Dorsoventral angle (DVA) and craniocaudal angle (CCA) of the inserted screw were obtained postoperative computed tomographic scan. Results: The statistically significant difference between the mean pre and postoperative PCDR was found (1.10 ± 0.12 and 1.26 ± 0.11, respectively; p = 0.002), and the mean HCWR close to 1.0 meaning symmetric pelvis also was obtained (0.97 ± 0.07). The mean DVA and CCA were 2.26° ± 1.33° and 2.60° ± 1.86°, respectively. Conclusions: MIS of sacroiliac luxation using 2.3-mm cannulated screws is applicable to toy breed dogs with acceptable difficulty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.679-680
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• 2018

IoT(Internet of Things) is no longer just a concept, and It has become common as individual users have tried to implement it directly through small boards and components. This research implemented a system to control a general toy car using Raspberry pi and motor driver. This research will help develop ordinary toy cars to RC cars or learn on their own and drive on their own through further development.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.9
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• pp.1210-1215
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• 2018

Recently, as the IoT(Internet of Things) and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technologies have developed, smart toys that can understand and act on the language of human beings are being studied. In this paper, we study voice learning using CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) by applying artificial intelligence based voice secretary technology to smart toy. When a human voice command gives, Smart Toy recognizes human voice, converts it into text, analyzes the morpheme, and conducts tagging and voice learning. As a result of test for the simulator program implemented using Python, no malfunction occurred in a single command. And satisfactory results were obtained within the selected simulation condition range.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.45-58
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• 2019

As modern people's daily lives are becoming more harsh in Korea, the so-called Kidults generation has appeared since a few years ago as adults have come back to their childhood sensibility and are exposed to various cultures online, and there are many people who have a hobby for collecting toys. However, as there is currently no formalized system for individual toy trade online, it is difficult to acquire expertise and share information with each other through a major portal site's $caf{\acute{e}}$, and is exposed to security or fraud while trading toys. In this paper, we design and implementation of a web-based toy trading system. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the various trading and relay systems currently in use, it will provide opportunities for professional toy knowledge and information exchange to many users who have a hobby of collecting toys, and will greatly help vitalize the toy market through a secure and convenient trading environment between individuals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been widely used for accurate screw and pin placement in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery. However, there are few reports comparing the accuracy between the patient-specific guides and freehand Kirschner wire (K-wire) placement in toy, small and medium breed dogs. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of 3D printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) in pin insertion in the thoracolumbar vertebrae of toy breed dogs and compare the outcomes between novice and experienced surgeons. The experiment was conducted on the thoracolumbar vertebrae of 21 euthanized toy breed dogs (median weight, 5.95 kg). The optimal insertion angle placement was determined and patient-specific guides for K-wire insertion were designed and 3D printed using computed tomography (CT) and a 3D computer-aided design program of three vertebrae (Thoracic 12-Lumbar 1). K-wire tracts were made by experienced and novice surgeons and compared to assess the accuracy based on postoperative CT. Based on postoperative CT, in the experienced group, 61 out of 63 pins (96.8%) were fully contained inside the vertebral body and lamina, whereas two pins (3.2%) had perforated the vertebral canal (grade 3, 2-4 mm breach). However, all the pins in the novice group were fully contained. The use of 3D printed PSGs for pin insertion in the thoracolumbar region is an accurate and safe alternative to freehand screw placement by novice surgeons in toy, small and medium breed dogs. Operations with 3D printed PSGs allow novice surgeons to achieve better or similar outcomes in accurate placement of pin/screws in vertebrae.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.72-83
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was firstly, to explore the design preference, consumer experience and purchasing factors of parents for smart animal toys and secondly, investigate whether there is a difference by children's sex and age. For this purpose, the questionnaire survey was conducted with 344 parents of younger children in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. As a result, the white or brown colored 20~30cm, dog-type smart toy was preferred and the sound was considered as the most important function. Besides role of toy, smart toy was expected to play as a pet, a friend and a younger sibling. Actually, dog-type smart toy were most frequently purchased. And main satisfied causes were fun, interactivity and design and dissatisfied causes were noise, price, battery life and durability of purchased smart toys. Finally, the important factors in purchasing smart toy were the safety, durability, battery life, sustainable play, education and washability. The parents' preference, customer experience and purchasing factors showed little significant differences according to the sex and the age of the children. This research will be useful in understanding parents purchasing activity of smart animal toys and provide valuable data for function construction, design and service planning necessary to develop the smart animal toy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.141-146
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• 2019

Economic analysis predicts that the drone market will grow, and the growth of the toy and hobby drone market is expected to gradually expand. Drone expectations are rising due to the net economic function of drone market growth, but accidents due to improper management and operations are also increasing. The difference in toy drone performance is incomparably small compared to industrial drone performance, but the ordinary buyer can not know whether the difference can cause an accident during use. The toy drones used in this study were obtained from KC and CE certification, and 20 kinds of drones were used. The flight time ranged from a minimum of 3 minutes to a maximum of 12 minutes, and the control distance ranged from a minimum of 20m to a maximum of 380m. Therefore, it is necessary to secure product safety through sampling inspection of the radio wave output of toy drones, and it is also necessary to mount an algorithm that automatically lowers the altitude or hover when exceeding the limit flight distance. For future research, we will build data to establish toy drone safety standards through a altitude testing and impact testing of toy drone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

This study is to investigate and compare domestic hazardous toys with harmful substances with foreign toys so that we can find out management criteria for in cognitive infants. Actually, commercially used toys have been collected and tested to find out more effective management standard. it is tried to produce evaluation criteria of environmentally harmful substance but variety of product is needed for overcoming actual barrier due to lot of difficulty huge cost, time, objectiveness. Therefore, This study does not cover all the above. Establishment of evaluation criteria for product harmfulness made by Government or Local government should be continued to improve. Foreign reference material for toy product in Europe, USA, Japan have been investigated and domestic product have been collected and tested for containing heavy metals, formaldehyde, phthalate in the study. All the test have been made in accordance with KSM ISO 2124 to measure heavy metal transfer into body. Toy product used for the study have been purchased in the real market and some of them contains harmful elements with over standard. Post management system such as RAPEX to control periodically should be established for plastic toy with low quality product.