• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2014

In this study, the identification and distribution for rock types of the South Gate Wall of Myeoncheoneupseong Town Wall in Dangjin was investigated, and the homogeneity analysis of rock properties in the wall between the surrounding out crops estimated by examining the possible provenances. The Town Wall consists of variable rock types about 15 kinds. Granitic rocks (61.0%), quartzite (21.0%) and quartz feldspar porphyry (8.7%) accounted over 90% of total survey section. These rock properties are very similar to surrounding rocks of the Town Wall on the basis of occurrences, magnetic susceptibility, petrography, mineralogical and goechemical characteristics. Thus, it is probable that the rock properties of the Town Wall were supplied from the Town Wall around about 8km within at Seongsangri, Yangyuri, Seongbukri, Galsanri and Daedeokdong area. And supplied rock properties in the construction process, easy procurement rather than rock type was most likely seems to be considered.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Gwangjueupseong (Gwangju Town Wall) has been found in the site of the Asian Culture Complex (former Provincial Government of Jeonnam) by archaeological field survey. The length of the remaining wall is 85.1m, and the Town Wall consists of ten kinds of rock type. The major rock types are dacite (41.1%) and andesite (35.7%). Dacite composes main rock blocks of the wall, and andesite is used to fill the cavity between main rock blocks. These rocks look very similar to basement rocks of the Mudeung Mountain on the basis of occurrence features, magnetic susceptibility, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical properties. Also, quarrying traces were found on the southwestern slope of the mountain along the Jeungsimsa Temple valley. Thus, it is probable that the rock materials of the Gwangju Town Wall were supplied from the Mudeung Mountain and that they were transported along the Gwangju river.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

Generally the dynamic characteristics of stone wall structures depend on several factors such as contact, the type of interlocking bonding stones, and the filling materials. This paper describes a non-destructive technique for diagnosis of historic masonry stone structures using the measurement of natural frequency technique. For this purpose, the castle wall of Nag-An Folk Town located in Sunchon, Korea was selected as a model. The Nag-An Town Castle is one of the well maintained historical remains constructed in the Chosun Kingdom of Korea. The construction started in 1397 A.D and was finished in 1626 A.D. The non-mortar castle wall is 1470m long and the average height is 4m with a width of 3 4m. The exterior of the wall is bonded with 1 2 m rectangular rough-faced stone and the inside of the wall is filled with gravel. The traditional village still remains inside the Nag-An Town Castle, and they have a regional food festival every October. Transverse vibrations were measured at 8 points around the castle. The measured natural frequency of the first mode was 26Hz 41Hz, and the shear modulus of filling material was 2.142 x $10^3$ ~ 8.915 x $10^3$kgf/$cm^2$ . With these results, it may be assumed that the filling material is gravel or a sand-gravel mixture. It is expected that the information provided by this paper will be useful for addressing the maintenance problems of the old castle walls.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1101-1117
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• 2006

In the present article, recent progress of spray-wall interaction research has been reviewed. Studies on the spray-wall interaction phenomena can be categorized mainly into three groups: experiments on single drop impact and spray (multiple-drop) impingement, and development of comprehensive models. The criteria of wall-impingement regimes (i.e., stick, rebound, spread, splash, boiling induced breakup, breakup, and rebound with breakup) and the post-impingement characteristics (mostly for splash and rebound) are the main subjects of the single-drop impingement studies. Experimental studies on spray-wall impingement phenomena cover examination of the outline shape and internal structure of a spray after the wall impact. Various prediction models for the spray-wall impingement phenomena have been developed based on the experiments on the single drop impact and the spray impingement. In the present article, details on the wall-impingement criteria and post-impingement characteristics of single drops, external and internal structures of the spray after the wall impact, and their prediction models are reviewed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.47-61
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• 2011

This study examined the background and change of building Yeongam eupseong and characteristics and construction method of its spatial structure. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Yeongam eupseong was built for the same purpose of national border defense against the invasion of Japanese army as other Eupseongs were built and it was found first in the literature in the era of King Munjong of Joseon Dynasty with the scale of three gates and 4,369 cheok of castle wall. Such a scale was continued and in particular, according to flat structure, road network and gate position shown in the map, the form and road system of Yeongam eupseong before the 19th century were mostly identical with the current ones. Second, castle wall was built over foundation by using talcum after leveling the foundation soil and castle wall can be divided into outer wall, filling part and inner wall from the section. Outer wall was constructed by inserting and layering pebbles with big irregular stone, filling part was made with talcum and riprap and inner wall with soil in several layers by keeping gradient. This building method showed common features in inserting and layering pebbles for outer wall, use of protruded base and section form compared to Jeollado Eupseong.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced an alternative design competition and a bidding for Eunpyeong New Town in December of 2004. At first many construction companies were interested in the first New Town Project. But at last a few companies had proposed the alternative design and construction cost. This project needed a conjunction of design ideas and technology know-hows. And the client wanted the brand power of construction company. Ultimately the Corporation hoped that the first New Town Project will end up with high quality successfully. This competition had started with the original construction drawings. Then it needed some alternative ideas and the lowest cost. There were two drawings of non changeable part and changeable part. Non changeable parts are structure like housing unit plan, underground parking lots. Changeable parts are outdoor layout, interior design and building facade. So we tried all ideas of landscape technology and design principles within limited guidelines. The author applied new technology like tilted rooftop greening and sustained container greening on high-rise apartment house. This green technology will be the first trial in Seoul and in the world as well. Daewoo Corporation have accumulated greening technology through the researches by national funding since 2002. Through this New Town Project the green technology will go forward step by step.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2014

Acellular intra-myocardial biomaterial injections have been shown to be therapeutically beneficial in inhibiting ventricular remodelling of myocardial infarction (MI). Based on a biventricular canine cardiac geometry, various finite element models were developed that comprised an ischemic (II) or scarred infarct (SDI) in left ventricular (LV) antero-apical region, without and with intra-myocardial biomaterial injectate in layered (L) and bulk (B) distribution. Changes in myocardial properties and LV geometry were implemented corresponding to infarct stage (tissue softening vs. stiffening, infarct thinning, and cavity dilation) and injectate (infarct thickening). The layered and bulk injectate increased ejection fraction of the infarcted LV by 77% (II+L) and 25% (II+B) at the ischemic stage and by 61% (SDI+L) and 63% (SDI+B) at the remodelling stage. The injectates decreased the mean end-systolic myofibre stress in the infarct by 99% (II+L), 97% (II+B), 70% (SDI+L) and 36% (SDI+B). The bulk injectate was slightly more effective in improving LV function at the remodelling stage whereas the layered injectate was superior in functional improvement at ischemic stage and in reduction of wall stress at ischemic and remodelling stage. These findings may stimulate and guide further research towards tailoring acellular biomaterial injectate therapies for MI.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

Seongbuk Village and Ungcheon Village are Town Wall Villages that reflect social and historical backgrounds. villagers have formed villages based on community life. The streets and places of the villages are accumulated as images in the memory of the inhabitants. Based on their imagination-concept, 30 sketch maps, reflecting residents' cognitive perception were collected. Analysis of 30 sketch maps shows that other forming of Collective maps. In the past, Villages historical facilities had changed roles, but the relationship between the place and the place has been continuous, and according to the development process of the villages, the relationship between streets and places has been formed. Following this, the analysis methodology of social spaces and sketch will be examined in depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-191
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• 2003

Walled town was located on the axis connecting symbolic places, which was a feng-shui lucky place of a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents environmental development of cultural space by blend of folk belief, religion, social system, administration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore it is sustainable cultural view connected of formed or formless religious view and artificial view(wall, government buildings, living houses, and cultivated land so on) in a nature landscape. Environmental design technique, enlarging its meaning and value of living to mental level was founded from space composition and settlement, which was constructed organized space of government and residence area of walled town within the wall for looking for lucky place(from best, better, and good places) in order to construct ecological network (天+地+人, 山＋水＋方位＋人, 地理＋生利＋山水＋人心) by outlook of space and settlement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Nagan walled town is located on an axis connecting symbolic places, which is a lucky place from the Fengshui point of view because a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents the environmental development of cultural space by blending folk belief, religion, social systems, adminstration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore, it has a sustainable cultural view connected with a formed or formless religious view and an artificial view (walls, government buildings, living houses, cultivated lands, etc.) in a natural landscape. Environmental design techniques, enlarging the meaning and value of living on a mental level, can be found in the arrangement of space composition and settlement of Nagan walled town. The organised spaces of government and residential areas were constructed within the wall with the view of searching for lucky places (from best, better and good places) in order to construct ecological networks according to the outlooks of space and settlement.