• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the FSH levels for superovulation procedure in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo). The effectiveness of 200 mg and 400 mg of FSH to initiate superovulation was examined in Hanwoo. Donors, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR 7 days later, 200 mg FSH group was treated with 40, 30, 20, 10 mg FSH levels in declining doses twice daily by intramuscular injection fur 4 days. Also, 400 mg FSH group was treated with 80, 60, 40, 20 mg FSH levels. On the 3rd day administration of FSH, 25 mg $PGF_2$ ${\alpha}$ was administered and CIDR was withdrawn. Donors were artificially inseminated twice at 12 hr intervals. The donor cattle received 250 ${\mu}g$ GnRH at time of 1st insemination and embryos were recovered 8 days after the 1st insemination. As a results, average number of CL treated with FSH 200 mg was higher as $20.9{\pm}1.20$ than $15.8{\pm}0.63$ for donors treated with FSH 400 mg, respectively(p<0.05). Treated group of 200 mg FSH level increased (p<0.05) the number of embryos recovered per procedure compared to 400 mg FSH level ($18.2{\pm}1.18$ vs. $12.38{\pm}0.52$, respectively). When treatment of 200 mg FSH was performed, average transferable embryos/ova increased (p<0.05) to $14.1{\pm}1.12$ from $6.8{\pm}0.33$ of treated of 400 mg FSH. Group of 200 mg FSH increased (p<0.05) to $8.3{\pm}0.76$ from $2.0{\pm}0.26$ in morula stage compare to 400 mg FSH group. Mean of total early blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stage embryos was similar (p<0.05) between the 200 mg and 400 mg FSH levels group ($4.7{\pm}1.19$ vs. $2.9{\pm}0.18$ and $1.2{\pm}0.40$ vs. $1.9{\pm}0.17$). These results suggest that 200 mg FSH level-based superovulation protocol with CIDR may be effectively used fur production of superior embryos in Hanwoo. In other words, the less level of FSH may be effectively applied for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle), because Hanwoo was smaller body size than beef or daily cow.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.237-249
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 대학생들에게 어떤 요인들이 행복에 차이를 주는가를 살펴보기 위하여 사회경제적 측면, 대학생이 맺는 다양한 인간관계, 일상생활, 미래지향성 등의 다양한 영역에 관련된 요인을 구성하여 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 한국 대학생의 행복감을 높이는데 기여하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울시에 위치한 D대학 대학생 474명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 연구 대상의 일반적인 특성은 성별의 경우 남학생 247명(52.1%), 여학생 227명(47.9%)으로 구성되었다. 학년은 1학년 268명(56.5%), 2학년 145명(30.6%), 3학년 35명(7.4%), 4학년 26명(5,5%)으로 나타나, 저학년이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 연구결과, 행복과 의미 있는 관계를 보여주는 변인은 성, 학년, 레져비용, 외모만족도, 부모와의 대화시간, 이성친구 유무, 성경험, 친구 수, 전공 만족도, 학점, 공부시간, 자기계발 시간, 독서시간, 스마트폰 사용, 점심횟수, 운동, 스케줄 관리, 목표설정 등이었다. 반면에 거주형태, 한달 평균용돈, 통학시간, 동거경험, 노트북 사용 시간, SNS 사용시간, 전화통화 시간, 컴퓨터 게임시간, TV 시청시간, 점심 지출금액, 커피횟수, 술 마시는 횟수, 유흥비 등은 행복과 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미래지향성은 행복의 차이에 영향을 미쳤다. 한국은 경제적 수준에 비해 대학생이 느끼는 행복감이 낮은 나라이다. 인간의 궁극적인 목적을 행복이라고 생각할 때 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 변화의 가능성이 높은 대학생 시기에 행복에 영향을 미치는 적절한 변인들을 찾아 이를 향상시킬 수 있도록 노력하는 사회에 본 연구가 기여하기를 기대한다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2018

Purpose - Our research aims to investigate the mediating effect of employee creativity on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and job performance using relationship using Chinese department salespeople samples. Another objective of this study is to be clear boundary conditions that strengthen or weaken the effects of intrinsic motivation on work outcomes (i.e., employee creativity and job performance). Drawing on JD-R theory, we suggest that the two types of coworker support play differential moderating roles in the intrinsic motivation, employee creativity relationship by increasing or decreasing job resources and demands in different ways. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from gathered from a sample of full time salespeople in China. A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed and 300 responses were collected, indicating a response rate of 84.0%. Working with a sample of 300 salespeople working in a department store in China. SPSS 18.0, Process 2.16 Macro, and M-Plus 8.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the distribution of the employee profiles and correlations between variables. M-Plus 8.0 software was used to test the model fit, validity and reliability of the variables. Finally, all research hypotheses was estimated by SPSS Macro 2.16. Results - To test our research hypotheses, we employed an analytical strategy suggested by Hayes (2013; 2015) and Shrout and Bolger (2002). In this study, we tested the relationship between intrinsic motivation and job performance throughout employee creativity. Results showed intrinsic motivation and job performance was partially mediated by employee creativity. The positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee creativity when coworker emotional support was high than when it was low. In contrast, the positive association between intrinsic motivation and employee creativity was stronger when coworker instrumental support was low than when it was high. Coworker emotional and instrumental support further moderated the indirect effect of intrinsic motivation on job performance through employee creativity. Conclusions - This study extends the conceptual model and empirical researches in coworker supports literature by representing a fundamental mechanism of how salespeople's intrinsic motivation and job performance throughout employee creativity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.631-638
• /
• 2016

Radiation proctitis is a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of novel almagate enemas in hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) and evaluate risk factors related to rectal deep ulcer or fistula secondary to CRP. All patients underwent a colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of CRP and symptoms were graded. Typical endoscopic and pathological images, risk factors, and quality of life were also recorded. A total of 59 patients were enrolled. Gynecological cancers composed 93.1% of the primary malignancies. Complete or obvious reduction of bleeding was observed in 90% (53/59) patients after almagate enema. The mean score of bleeding improved from 2.17 to 0.83 (P<0.001) after the enemas. The mean response time was 12 days. No adverse effects were found. Moreover, long-term successful rate in controlling bleeding was 69% and the quality of life was dramatically improved (P=0.001). The efficacy was equivalent to rectal sucralfate, but the almagate with its antacid properties acted more rapidly than sucralfate. Furthermore, we firstly found that moderate to severe anemia was the risk factor of CRP patients who developed rectal deep ulcer or fistulas (P= 0.015). We also found abnormal hyaline-like thick wall vessels, which revealed endarteritis obliterans and the fibrosis underlying this disease. These findings indicate that almagate enema is a novel effective, rapid and well-tolerated method for hemorrhagic CRP. Moderate to severe anemia is a risk factor for deep ulceration or fistula.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 2014

Background: Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are predictive of response to EGFR-targeted therapy in advanced stages of disease. This study aimed to determine the frequency of EGFR mutations in NSCLCs and to correlate their presence with clinical characteristics in multiethnic Malaysian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of consecutive NSCLC patients were asessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in NSCLCs from 55 (36.4%) of a total of 151 patients, being significantly more common in females (62.5%) than in males (17.2%) [odds ratio (OR), 8.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.77-16.98; p<0.001] and in never smokers (62.5%) than in ever smokers (12.7%) (OR, 11.50; 95%CI, 5.08-26.03; p<0.001). Mutations were more common in adenocarcinoma (39.4%) compared to non-adenocarcinoma NSCLCs (15.8%) (p=0.072). The mutation rates in patients of different ethnicities were not significantly different (p=0.08). Never smoking status was the only clinical feature that independently predicted the presence of EGFR mutations (adjusted OR, 5.94; 95%CI, 1.94-18.17; p=0.002). Conclusions: In Malaysian patients with NSCLC, the EGFR mutation rate was similar to that in other Asian populations. EGFR mutations were significantly more common in female patients and in never smokers. Never smoking status was the only independent predictor for the presence of EGFR mutations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.718-726
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to develop and validate secondary models that can predict growth parameters of L. monocytogenes Scott A as a function of concentrations (0-3%) of a commercial potassium lactate (PL) and sodium diacetate (SDA) mixture, pH (5.5-7.0), and temperature (4-37DC). A total of 120 growth curves were fitted to the Baranyi primary model that directly estimates lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR). The effects of the variables on L. monocytogenes Scott A growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both LT and SGR. Model performance was evaluated with dependent data and independent data using the prediction bias ($B_f$) and accuracy factors ($A_f$) as well as the acceptable prediction zone method [percentage of relative errors (%RE)]. Comparison of predicted versus observed values of SGR indicated that the cubic model fits better than the quadratic model, particularly at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. The $B_f$and $A_f$for independent SGR were 1.00 and 1.08 for the cubic model and 1.08 and 1.16 for the quadratic model, respectively. For cubic and quadratic models, the %REs for the independent SGR data were 92.6 and 85.7, respectively. Both quadratic and cubic polynomial models for SGR and LT provided acceptable predictions of L. monocytogenes Scott A growth in the matrix of conditions described in the present study. Model performance can be more accurately evaluated with $B_f$and $A_f$and % RE together.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제41권12호
• /
• pp.1677-1685
• /
• 2012

북해도산 오징어 간의 유효이용을 목적으로 자가소화물과 Protamex 가수분해물을 제조하고 이들의 식품학적 특성과 몇 가지 기능성을 조사하였다. 자가소화를 위한 최적 조건은 간의 함량 93.5%, pH 6.4, 항온온도 $47^{\circ}C$였으며, Protamex 가수분해의 최적 조건은 오징어 간에 대한 Protamex의 첨가비율 0.33%, pH 6.0, 가수분해온도 $55^{\circ}C$이었다. Promatex 가수분해물의 총 아미노산 조성에서 proline, cysteine 및 methionine이 검출되지 않았으나, 유리아미노산 조성에서는 검출되었다. 오징어 간, 자가소화물 및 Promatex 가수분해물의 카드늄 함량은 건조 중량으로 각각 $8.32{\pm}0.03$ mg/100 g, $3.56{\pm}0.02$ mg/100 g, $13.26{\pm}0.04$ mg/100 g으로서 식품안전 규정 이하의 농도로 감소시키기 위한 별도의 공정이 필요하다. 자가소화물의 주요 저분자 물질의 분자량은 1.0~1.5 kDa인 반면, Protamex 가수분해물은 210~470 Da이었다. 자가소화물과 Protamex 가수분해물 간에 표면 소수성, 유화활성 지표, 유화안정성, 지방 및 수분 흡착능은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 높은 ACE 효소 저해효과가 관측되었다. 한편 HepG2 세포주에 대한 독성은 200 ${\mu}g/mL$까지 관측되지 않았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2016

목적: 본 연구에서는 전통적 인상채득과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 환자들의 만족도를 조사하여 다양한 항목에 대하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 구강 내 디지털 인상채득의 방법을 사용하는 5개의 치과병원에서, 보철 치료를 위해 기존의 인상재를 이용한 방법과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 만 20세 이상의 성인 환자 170명을 대상으로, 2015년 10월부터 2016년 4월까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 총128부의 설문지를 분석 자료로 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 다중응답 빈도분석, 기술통계, 비모수 검정, 교차 분석을 시행하였고, 유의수준은 0.05로 설정하였다. 결과: 디지털 인상채득의 이유는 '임플란트치료'(43.8%), '크라운치료'(30.5%), '인레이치료'(15.6%) 순서로 나타났다. 전통적 인상채득의 평균 만족도보다 디지털 인상채득의 평균 만족도가 유의하게 더 높았다 (P<.05). 재선택하고 싶은 인상채득 방법으로는 전통적 인상채득(11.7%) 보다 디지털 인상채득(60.2%)이 더 높게 나타났다. 디지털 인상채득을 재선택한 이유로는 '구토반사가 없어서'(35.1%), '3D디지털 스캔이라 신뢰가 가서'(33.8%), '시간이짧아서'(33.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 환자 만족도 및 다시 선택하고 싶은 인상채득의 방법으로 전통적 인상채득 보다 디지털 인상채득의 선택이 더 높게 나타났다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 1997

Complete denervation after severe brachial plexus injury make significant muscle atrophy with loss of proper function. It is much helpful to reconstruct the essential function of the elbow flexion movement in patient with total loss of elbow flexion motion after brachial plexus lesion which was not recovered with nerve surgery or long term conservative treatment from onset. In whole arm type brachial plexus injury, if there were no response to neurotization or neglected from injury, the volume of the denervated muscle is significantely reduced month by month. About 18 months most of the muscle fibers change to fibrous tissues and markedly atrophied irreversibly, further waiting is no more meaningful from that period. Authors performed 14 cases of functioning gracilis muscle transfer from 1981 to 1995 with microneurovascular technique, neuromusculocutaneous free flaps were performed for reconstruction of lost elbow flexion function. Average follow-up period was 5 years and 6 months. We used couple of intercostal nerves as a recipient nerve which were anastomosed to muscular nerve from obturator nerve in all cases. Recipient vessels were three deep brachial artery and eleven brachial artery which were anastomosed to medial femoral circumflex artery with end to end or end to side fashion. Average resting length of the transplanted gracilis were 24 cm. We can get average 54 degree flexion range of elbow with fair muscle power from flail elbow. There were one case of muscle necrosis with lately developed thrombosis of microvascular anastomosed site which comes from insufficient recipient arterial condition, 3 cases of partial marginal necrosis of distal skin of the transplanted part which were not significant problem with spontaneously solved with time goes by gracilis muscle has constant neurovascular pattern with relatively easy harvesting donor with minimal donor morbidity. Especially it has similar length and shape with biceps brachii muscle of upper arm and longer nerve pedicle which can neurorrhaphy with intercostal nerve without nerve graft if sufficient mobilization of the nerves from both sides of gracilis and intercostal region. Authors can propose gracilis muscle transplantation with intercostal nerves neurotization is helpful method with minimal donor morbidity for neglected brachial plexus palsy patients.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.912-918
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 백설기의 저장성 향상을 위하여 멥쌀가루에 0, 10, 20, 30, 40%의 트레할로스를 첨가하여 백설기를 제조한 후 기계적, 관능적 품질특성을 평가하였다. 백설기의 수분함량은 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 저장기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 백설기의 색도 중 L값은 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 저장기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. a값은 트레할로스 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나 저장기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. b값은 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으며 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 백설기의 총균수는 저장기간 동안 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 현저하게 낮아 트레할로스가 미생물의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 백설기의 물성측정 결과에서 경도(hardness)는 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 저장 3일까지 경도는 급격히 증가하였는데, 트레할로스 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하는 폭이 낮아 트레할로스가 떡의 노화를 억제하는 것으로 생각되어진다. 부착성(Adhesiveness)은 트레할로스 첨가량과 저장기간이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 탄력성(springiness), 검성(Gumminess), 씹힘성(chewiness)은 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하다가 저장 4일째는 감소하였다. 백설기의 관능검사 결과에서 트레할로스 첨가량이 증가할수록 색(color), 씹힘성(chewiness), 단단한 정도(hardness)은 감소하였고, 단맛(sweetness)은 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 트레할로스는 떡의 노화와 미생물의 성장을 억제하여 백설기의 저장성을 연장시키는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 트레할로스를 첨가한 떡류의 최적 배합비에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되어진다.