• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

The oxygen solubilized device(O.S.D) and standardized microorganism culture system is more efficient than physical and chemical purification techniques in closed water. This study was to determine how the O.S.D and standardized culture system is efficient in purification capacity in closed water based on the lab scale and pilot plant. In the batch test, inducing the quantitative results from pilot plant operation condition, removal efficiency of COD and TN were about 48.3% and 35% respectively, while SS and chlorophyll-a were 94.9% and 68.7%. The pilot plant results showed that suspended solid(SS) and chlorophyll-a removal efficiency were 60% and 59% respectively, due to coagulation characteristics by standardized culture. Total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP)showed good effect for the purification of target pond water quality from field data. Additionally, released velocity was determined in control condition of $5.31mgPO{_4}^{3-}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ and $2486.8mgCOD{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. Otherwise, phosphate and COD reflux in the aeration and microorganism condition was showed $-9.95mgPO{_4}^{3-}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ and $-397.88mgCOD{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. This technology is the most effective not only removal of SS and chlorophyll-a but also control of phosphate and COD release which is very important phenomena in evaluating water quality in closed water like a reservoir and pond.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

Constructed wetlands are established efficient technologies and provide sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Similarly, biochar, which is an organic material, produced by means of pyrolysis, offers simple and low cost techniques to treat water and reduce carbon footprint. Combining both of these technologies can greatly augment the efficiency of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands by using biochar as media. Horizontal wetland beds with dimension ($1m{\times}0.33m{\times}0.3m$) were prepared using gravels and biochar, and cultivated with the Canna species. Synthetic wastewater was passed through these beds with average flow rate of $1.2{\times}10^{-7}m^3/sec$ achieving a retention time of three days. Pollutant removal performance was compared between the controlled and experimental wetland beds. This study reveals that the wetland with biochar were more efficient as compared to the wetland with gravels alone with average removal rate of 91.3% COD, 58.3% TN, 58.3% $NH_3$, 92% $NO_3-N$, 79.5% TP, and 67.7% $PO_4$.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2016

본 연구는 낙동강수계 중점관리하천인 35개 지류 지천 수질 및 유량을 모니터링하고 수질오염농도, 발생부하량, 계절별 오염특성과 수질항목 간 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 지류중심의 오염특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 COD, TP, TOC 및 TN을 제외한 대부분의 하천에서 $BOD_5$, Chl_a 및 Fecal E. Coli 등은 50% 이상이 하천수질항목 II(약간좋음)등급 이하에 속하였다. 비유량(Q)은 $0.05m^3/s/km^2$ 이상 지점이 54.4%(19지점)를 차지하였고, 이 가운데 달서천, 현지천, 석교천1, 의령천1 및 대산천2 지점 등은 오염농도 역시 높아 오염물질부하량을 고려한 상세조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 35개 중점관리지천은 낙동왜관, 금호강, 낙동고령, 낙동창녕, 남강, 낙동밀양 및 낙동강하구언 등 7개 중권역에 속하였으며, 이 가운데 금호강과 남강 중권역은 영천댐, 가창댐, 공산댐 및 남강댐과 같은 인공댐의 영향을 받아 다른 중권역과 달리 일정한 하천 유지유량을 보임으로써 오염물질부하량도 높게 조사되었다. 계절적 오염특성을 살펴볼 때, 농도편차가 큰 수질항목은 $BOD_5$, TN, SS, 비유량(Q)이, 큰 편차가 없는 항목은 TP와 Chl_a가 관찰되었고 이는 강우특성 및 유 무기물의 분해특성이 다르기 때문으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 계절별/수질항목 간 상관관계는 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient)를 이용하여 분석하였고, 일부 항목을 제외한 모든 계절에서 TOC와 COD의 상관성이 높음을 확인하였다. 계절별 상관관계가 높은($R2{\geq}0.5$) 수질항목들이 $BOD_5$에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 단계선택방법(Stepwise regression method)을 이용한 다중회귀분석(Multiple regression analysis)을 실시함으로써 계절별 영향력이 높은 수질인자 및 회귀식을 제시하였다. 그 결과 겨울철을 제외한 봄, 여름 및 가을에 다중회귀분석이 적합하였고 봄철에는 COD, TP가, 여름철에는 Chl_a, TOC가 가을철에는 TOC 및 COD가 $BOD_5$에 영향력이 높음을 확인하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

The waste water treatment facility at rural and mountainous region in catchment areas of dams should be small scale. The wastewater treatment facility of small scale has some specification as follows;1)simple process, 2)low maintenance cost, and 3)high removal efficiency. So, we developed the bioreactor which can be satisfied with the specification of small scale waste water treatment facility. The bioreactor consisted of the anoxic and oxic zone. The two zones were effectively separated by cone type baffle. By the effective separation through CTB, the nitrification and denitrification reaction occurred effectively. Therefore, the removal efficiency of total nitorgen (TN) increased compared to other types of baffle. And, we put into the bio activated media in oxic zone to increase the concentration and activity of microbiology. The media contained the components which were made of many kinds of the minerals to increase the activity of microbiology. Additionally, we observed that the phosphate removal efficiency increased by bio activated media. This is resulted from the coagulation-sedimentation reaction by mineral in components. The average removal efficiencies of TN and TP during Run 2 were 69 and 89% which were 4 and 25% higher than those during Run 1 without the MA, respectively. For BOD, COD, SS and TKN, the average removal efficiencies at Run 2 were slightly higher than those at Run 1. Therefore, we could maintain the high concentration and high activity of microbiology through bioreactor developed in this study. And the removal efficiency of TN and TP increased.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2009

In the Upo wetland, physico-chemical factors were observed during the period from March 2005 to December 2007 on a monthly basis. In the Upo wetland, water temperatures ranged $3.4{\sim}34.5^{\circ}C$. Conductivities were in the range of 133~806 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$, which showed about 140 ${\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$ below in comparison with the precedent studies. The pH levels were between 6.7~9.1 with lower level in summertime. The dissolved oxygens were between 0.06~18.23 mg $L^{-1}$. COD ranged 4.9~20.8 mg $L^{-1}$, and showed a tendency to decrease every year. Nitrogen nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and total nitrogen (T-P) showed that they were generally decreased in comparison with those in the precedent studies. However the total nitrogen (T-N) is still considerably higher than the standard concentration level of eutrophication and algal blooming. Phosphate phosphorus ($PO_4-P$) and total phosphorus (T-P) were also shown as to be reduced considerably comparing with the values in the precedent studies. However, It was found out that total phosphorus (T-P) was dissolved over the criteria concentration of eutrophication. The average of TN/TP ratio was 18 in the Upo wetland, which proved that phosphorus was the limiting factor to the growth of phytoplankton in the Upo wetland. The chl-$\alpha$ was the highest in wintertime and the lowest in summertime, and especially in 2006 summer when the cyanobacterial bloom developed, it showed extremely high concentration.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2001

시화호 퇴적물에서 인의 지화학적 특성을 연구하였다 퇴적인의 가장 큰 형태는 detrital apatite P와 Al-bound P이며 무산소환경이기 때문에 Fe-bound f는 그 비중이 낮았다. 퇴적총인과 유기물의 상관성으로 볼 때, 퇴적물로 제거되는 인의 거동은 유기물에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유기물 유입의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 정점 Cl에서 정점 C2에 비해 퇴적인의 함량, 유기물과의 상관성, 황산염환원에 의한 공극수내 인산염의 함량 및 플럭스가 높게 나타났다. 결국 시화호 퇴적물에서 인의 함량, 형태 및 공간에 따른 차이는 유기물에 의해 조절되는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

허브의 일종인 B. sarmienti를 이용하여 숙취 해소 음료를 개발하고 그에 따른 알콜 대사 및 항산화 효소에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 알코올을 섭취한 쥐에 B. sarmienti 음료군(BSP)을 투여 한 경우 타사 제품군인 PC 그리고 B. sarmienti만을 제외한 음료군인 NBS보다 더 뛰어난 알코올 분해능 및 ADH, ALDH에서도 뛰어난 활성을 보였다. 또한 생화학적 검사를 통해 안전성을 확인하였으며, ALP, ALT 그리고 AST에서도 PC군에 비해 유의적인 감소 효과를 보였다. 항산화 활성 및 효소계에 있어서도 BSP군에서는 GSH에서는 CO군에 비해 효소의 함량은 높으나, 다른 군에 비해 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으며, TBARS에는 다른 군에 비해 함량이 감소됨을 알 수 있었으나 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 GST, CAT 그리고 SOD 효소에 있어서는 CO군에 비해 유의적인 효소 활성이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 토대로 B. sarmienti 추출물이 첨가된 음료는 뛰어난 숙취 해소 및 간세포의 손상을 보호하는 음료로서 이용 가능하리라 기대 된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2005

This study is aimed at understanding the role of arsenic in Roxarsone in causing fatty livers in mule ducks. One hundred 10-week-old mule ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups. Ducks received 2 weeks of various treatments followed by 2 weeks of withdrawal. The treatments were non-treatment (control), 300 mg/kg Roxarsone inclusion for 2 weeks ($1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ week), Roxarsone inclusion for one week ($2^{nd}$ week only), restrict feeding, or Roxarsone analogue (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acid) inclusion. Results showed that feed intake and body weight in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group decreased significantly during the treatment period. However only the liver and heart weights were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the restrict feeding group. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group, two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly increased NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) activity compared to the restrict (p<0.05). After 2 weeks drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity (p<0.05). Two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly decreased (p<0.05) the high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased (p<0.05) the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) ratio. After drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) creatine kinase (CK) activity. The 2-week-Roxarsone treatment group showed significantly increased (p<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. The restrict feeding treatment group showed significantly decreased (p<0.05) total protein (TP) concentration. After drug withdrawal, the related enzyme activities in the blood that reflected the liver function were restored to the normal physiological range, except for the total bilirubin concentration and CK activity in the 1-week-Roxarsone group. This group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). Thus, the reasons for liver enlargement in the Roxarsone and restrict feeding groups were different.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.691-697
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• 1999

The work on the eutropication of Youngsan river was conducted from Jul. 1997 to Jun. 1998. The value of water temperature in the study area varied from $4^{\circ}C\;to\;32^{\circ}C$ with an annual mean of $17.5^{\circ}C$. DO varied from 4.0 $mg/{\ell}$ to 13.5 $mg/{\ell}$, with an annual mean 10.2 $mg/{\ell}$,. BOD varied from 0.8 $mg/{\ell}$, to 6.4 $mg/{\ell}$ with an annual mean 3.1 $mg/{\ell}$. COD varied from 4.6 $mg/{\ell}$, to 9.0 $mg/{\ell}$ with an annual mean 6.38 $mg/{\ell}$. Nitrate varied from 1.58 $mg/{\ell}$, to 6.77 $mg/{\ell}$, with an annual mean of 3.475 $mg/{\ell}$, Total-nitrogen varied from 2.14 $mg/{\ell}$ to 8.38 $mg/{\ell}$ with an annual mean of 5.083 $mg/{\ell}$. Total-phosphate varied from 0.035 $mg/{\ell}$ to 0.588 $mg/{\ell}$ with an annual mean of 0.128 $mg/{\ell}$. Chl.a varied from 1.8 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ to 75.0 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ with an annual mean of 19.55 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$. The euthrophic state index of $Carlson^{16)}$ were showed 61.8(TP) and 71(SD) value

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2009

돈분뇨 부숙과정에서의 Mg원 첨가에 따른 MAP 크리스탈 결정체 형성과 부숙과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 돈분뇨내 수용성인산 기준 1.2M비로 Mg원을 첨가하여 부숙시킨 경우와 첨가하지 않고 부숙한 경우를 비교하여 실험한 결과 Mg원 첨가에 의한 부숙과정에서의 유기물분해 저해 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. Mg원을 첨가한 경우 분뇨 내 $NH_4$와 $PO_4$가 함께 반응하여 MAP 크리스탈 결정체를 형성함에 따라 $NH_4$-N의 함량이 낮아졌으며 이는 부숙과정에서의 암모니아 가스 형태로의 질소소실을 낮추어주는 결과가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 수용성인의 함량 또한 Mg원을 첨가한 경우에 낮아져 최종 부숙퇴비의 총인중 수용성인의 비율이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 부숙과정에서의 Mg원 첨가는 최종 부숙퇴비의 비료성분 보존과 완효도 증가효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최종퇴비의 X-Ray Diffraction 시험결과 부숙과정에서 MAP 결정체가 형성됨을 알 수 있었으며 2.8 mm 이하의 입자크기에서 형성된 결정체가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 입자크기별 질소와 인 성분 분포율을 비교한 결과 2.8 mm 이하의 입자크기에 질소와 인성분의 2/3 이상이 분포해 있음을 알 수 있었다.