• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.236-239
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a Pholiota adiposa extract on fat mass in hyperlipidemic mice fed on a high-fat diet. The water extracts from P. adiposa (ASI 24018) were not affected in the total triglyceride contents and epididymal fat mass in mice fed on a high-fat diet, but the retroperitoneal fat mass decreased significantly. This result suggests that the P. adiposa extract may be a potential candidate for use as a functional food that can act as a prophylactic against hyperlipidemia. However, the P. adiposa extract showed no effect in the total triglyceride contents and epididymal fat mass.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Background: The rising prevalence of asthma may be associated with the rising prevalence of obesity in developed nations. There are several studies showing that obesity increases the risk of asthma in adults. We investigated the association of each body composition scale and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Methods: This study involved a retrospective review of the existing records for 279 subjects with respiratory symptoms, who underwent a pulmonary function test, a methacholine challenge test and a body composition test between May 2007 and June 2009. Results: Of the 279 subjects, 179 (64%) were female. There was a statistically significant difference in fat free mass and in fat free mass index between the normal bronchial responsiveness group and bronchial hyper-responsiveness group (p=0.036; p=0.000). There was no significant differences in body mass index, in fat mass and fat free mass index in the normal bronchial responsiveness group and bronchial hyper-responsiveness group in males. However in females, body mass index and fat free mass index were increased in the bronchial hyper-responsiveness group (p=0.044; p=0.000). Total body water (kg), fat free mass (kg) and soft lean mass (kg) were significantly different between the normal bronchial responsiveness group and bronchial hyper-responsiveness group (p=0.002; p=0.000; p=0.000). Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in fat free mass and in fat free mass index between the normal bronchial responsiveness group and the bronchial hyper-responsiveness group. In females, BMI, soft lean mass, and total body water showed significant differences between the normal bronchial responsiveness group and the bronchial hyper-responsiveness group. We concluded that bronchial hyper-responsiveness was associated with not only body mass index but also fat free mass index in female bronchial asthma.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

A deep stellar analysis is introduced for the poorly studied open cluster NGC 2509. The Near-IR database of the digital Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) has been used to re-estimate and refine the fundamental parameters of the cluster, i.e. age, reddening, distance, and diameter. As well as, luminosity function, mass function, total mass, relaxation time, and mass segregation of NGC 2509 have been estimated here for the first time..

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.5 s.86
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• pp.387-397
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• 2005

In oder to understand the deposition possibility of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric fine particulates for the human respiratory tract, the mass size distribution of ion species was measured using an Anderson sampler in the Iksan during fall, 2004. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ions using Dionex DX-100 ion chromatograph. The size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric particulates appeared bimodal distribution, which were divided around $1-2{\mu}m$ into two groups. Mass site distribution of total ion in the coarse mode was found to be almost similar level during the sampling period, but fluctuations of mass size distribution in the fine mode were observed. Considering the mass size distribution of total ion concentrations for the respiratory deposition region, it was found that about 77.1% of total tons could be deposited in the alveolar region, and which dominated the daily variation of total ion concentrations. The concentration of total ions, which could be deposited in both the head region and the tracheobronchial region, was $3.95{\mu}g/m^3$, whereas that in the alveolar rerion was $13.28{\mu}g/m^3$. Dominant ions which could be deposited in the alveolar region were ${NO_3}{^-},\;{SO_4}^{2-}\;and\;{NH_4{^+}$, accounting for about 40%, 27% and 22% of the total ions, respectively. Although $K^+$ was approximately 3% of total ions, it was shown that most of this could be deposited in the alveolar region due to its high fraction of small size distribution originated from anthropogenic source of biomass burning. The presence of these ions in the fine mode may be of public health significance as they are very biologically harmful to health and have a high probability of being deposited in human lung tissue.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1428-1436
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• 2000

The absorption of vapor involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the vapor/liquid system. In this paper, a numerical study for vapor absorption process into LIBr-H$_2$O solution film flowing over helical absorber has been carried out. Axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system was adopted to model the helical tube and the transport equations were solved by the finite volume method. The effects of operating conditions, such as the cooling water temperature. the system pressure, the film Reynolds number and the solution inlet concentration have been investigated in view of the absorption mass flux and the total absorption mass flux and the total absorption rate. The results for the temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the local absorption mass flux at the helical absorber are presented. It is shown that solution inlet concentration affected other than operation conditions for a mass flux.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.667-671
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the muscle mass and fiber number on post-mortem metabolic rates and pork quality. Carcass traits, muscle fiber characteristics, and type of fiber composition were evaluated using a sample of 200 cross-bred pigs. The muscle mass was divided into two groups according to carcass weight and loin-eye area measurements (heavy or light). In addition, the muscle histological characteristics were divided into two groups according to the muscle fiber density and total number of muscle fibers (high or low). All the carcass traits were significantly different in the muscle mass groups. Increasing weight significantly affected the cross-sectional area (CSA) of all fibers. The low group, which had a low muscle fiber number indicating a larger CSA of fibers, and especially the heavy-low group had the highest CSA levels of fibers. The fiber number percentage and the area percentage were significantly different in the groups categorized by fiber number. The heavy-high group indicated a normal rate of pH decline and the R-value. In addition, pigs with a heavy muscle mass and high muscle fiber number indicated normal drip loss, lightness, and protein denaturation. The present results suggest that increasing the total muscle fiber number has a beneficial effect on increasing the muscle mass without deteriorating the meat quality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1170-1178
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• 2011

In the present study, the approach of high accuracy mass measurements for phospholipid identifications was evaluated using a 7 T ESI-FTMS/linear ion trap MS/MS. Experiments were carried out for porcine brain, bovine liver, and soybean total lipid extracts in both positive and negative ion modes. In total, 59, 55, and 18 phospholipid species were characterized in the positive ion mode for porcine brain, bovine liver, and soybean lipid extracts, respectively. Assigned lipid classes were PC, PE, PEt, PS, and SM. In the negative ion mode, PG, PS, PA, PE, and PI classes were observed. In the negative ion mode, for porcine brain, bovine liver, and soybean lipid extracts, 28, 34, and 29 species were characterized, respectively. Comparison of our results with those obtained by other groups using derivatization-LC-APCI MS and nano-RP-LC-MS/MS showed that our approach can characterize PC species as effectively as those methods could. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high accuracy mass measurements of total lipid extracts using a high resolution FTMS, particularly, 7T FTMS, plus ion-trap MS/MS are very useful in profiling lipid compositions in biological samples.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

In this study, we examined chewing frequency, eating rates, and food consumption volume according to the body mass index of male and female college students. Twenty-five male college students were divided into a normal weight male group (<23 body mass index, n=14) and an obese male group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=11). Twenty-five female college students were divided into a normal weight female group (<23 body mass index, n=21) and an obese female group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=4). Subjects were provided with abundant fried rice and allowed to consume it at their own pace. Chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite were measured. There were no significant differences in chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese male groups. There were also no significant differences in chewing frequency, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese female groups. However, the obese female group had a significantly shorter mealtime and significantly higher eating rate compared with the normal group. Thus, our study suggests that females who eat a meal for a longer time may reduce their food intake, consequently inducing body weight loss.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

This study analyzes the correlations between non-point sources and runoff to estimate non-point sources for effective management. From the monitoring results, the correlation factors among pollutant mass loading, EMC, total runoff volume and average flow are calculated. And using correlation factors, the most related two constituents are determined. Also the most appropriate regression between two constituents are determined. Pollutant mass loading and total runoff volume has the highest correlation. Also, compound regression is found to be the most appropriate regression. This shows that pollutant mass loading increases as total runoff volume increases. It is not continuous increase but has some pattern.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2002

Two consecutive green house experiments were carried out to examine the effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in maize plants grown in pots. There were eight treatments including an uninoculated control and Azospirillum strains OAD-3, OAD-9, AZ-22, AZ-8, AZ-9, Azospirillum brasilense BR-11001 and Azospirillum lipoferum BR-11080. The inoculated plants showed higher values in each of the following measurements; plant height, total dry mass and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in shoot when compared to the uninoculated control plants in two consecutive experiments conducted in the same soil. Among Azospirillum strains, Azospirillum sp. OAD-3 inoculated plants showed higher nitrogen accumulation by 44.5% and 45.1%, total dry mass by 48.6% and 66.9% in two consecutive experiments respectively. The nitrogen concentration in the maize plants was not changed significantly in the first experiment, however it increased significantly in the second experiment due to Azospirillum inoculation. In addition, Azospirillum sp. OAD-9 and A. brasilense BR-11001 also proved to be effective with respect to total dry mass, total nitrogen accumulation and total phosphorus accumulation. The nitrogen concentrations in maize plants were increased in the second experiment due to Azospirillum inoculation.