• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2013

최근 소득증대로 인해 해양레저에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 해양레저용으로 많이 이용되는 활주형선의 선형설계와 생산에 대한 많은 연구 개발이 필요해지고 있다. 지금까지 수행된 활주형선의 저항에 대한 연구를 분석해본 결과 활주형선은 속도가 빠르고 침수표면적이 매우 작기 때문에 일반 선박과는 다른 저항 특성을 가지고 있음을 알게 되었다. 본 연구는 현재 조선소와 추진기 및 엔진 생산업체에서 유효마력 산정에 널리 활용되는 Savitsky공식을 이용하여 연구대상 활주형선의 전저항을 먼저 계산한 후 이론해석과 풍동실험을 통하여 활주형선 주위에 대한 유동특성을 분석하고 속도와 트림각도 변화에 따른 공기저항, 양력 등을 구하였다. 또한 이 결과를 이용하여 전저항에 대한 공기저항의 비율을 속도와 트림각 변화에 대하여 이론해석결과와 실험결과를 비교하고 분석하였으며 본 연구결과는 좀 더 정확한 유효마력 추정에 활용되어 산출근거를 무시하고 막연하게 고마력 엔진을 장착하는 폐단을 막을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 한편 기상 이변으로 인한 자연재해가 증가하면서 온실가스에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 선박의 설계 단계에서 적용되는 에너지 효율 지수(EEDI)와 해상을 운항할 때 적용되는 에너지 효율지수(EEOI)를 제정하여 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스를 줄이려 하고 있다. 그러나 이 규정은 총톤수(GT) 400톤 이상의 선박에 적용될 예정이므로 해양레저용 선박과 같은 소형 선박은 대형 선박에 비해 단위 출력 당 온실가스 배출량은 오히려 많지만 이 IMO 규정에 의한 규제를 받지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구는 소형선박인 해양레저용 활주형선의 온실 가스 배출량을 산출함으로써 이에 대한 문제점을 제기하고 소형선박에 적용될 수 EEDI 계산법 제정의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.519-532
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• 2018

우리는 오리온 분자운 복합체의 북부 필라멘트(이하 NF)에 대하여 $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0) 분자선의 자료를 이용하여 은하 평면이 분자의 운동과 운동학에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 6 m 서울대학교 전파망원경(Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory, SRAO)을 이용하여 2arcmin 공간분해능으로 은하면으로부터 먼 순서로 NF1, NF2, NF3 세 곳을 총 270시간 동안 관측된 자료를 사용하였다. 은하면과 OMC NF는 $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1) 경우 3% 밀도에서, 티끌의 경우 9% 밝기 수준에서 자기장을 따라 서로 연결되어 있었다. $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0), $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1), 성간 티끌 관측결과를 비교해본 결과, 세 경우 모두 NF3에서는 고루 분포했지만, NF1과 NF2에서는 비교적 밀도가 높은 특정 영역에서만 함께 나타났다. NF는 단일 구조를 보였으며, NF1에서는 부분 수축 운동을, NF2에서는 하단에서 회전 운동이 나타났고, NF3에서는 유일하게 명확히 자기장에 연관된 나선형 회전이 보였다. 위치-속도 분석 결과, $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0)를 비롯한 물질들은 NF2와 NF3을 따라 은하면을 향하여 흐를 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 은하면을 향하여 물질이 흐르는 명백한 원인을 이번 연구결과에서 볼 수 없었지만 추후의 더 정교한 관측결과가 NF1과 NF2 상단부의 회전 운동을 확인 할 수 있겠다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.351-373
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• 2019

인공위성이 관측한 해수면 높이 자료를 활용하여 울릉분지 일대에서 발생하는 냉수성 소용돌이들을 1993년부터 2015년까지 Winding-Angle 방법을 이용하여 탐지하고 분류하였다. 냉수성 소용돌이들 중에서 동한난류 사행의 첫 번째 골에서 형성되어 동쪽으로 흐르는 해류의 주경로로부터 남서쪽으로 떨어져 나온 독도 냉수성 소용돌이(Dokdo Cold Eddy, DCE)를 구분하였고, 그 이동 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 국립수산과학원(National Institute of Fisheries Science)이 관측한 수온과 염분 자료와 Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model의 수치모의 결과를 이용하여 DCE 중심 근처에서 수온과 유속의 수직구조를 살펴보았다. DCE는 23년 동안 총 112개 발생하였고, 이 중 39개의 DCE가 서쪽으로 이동하여 한국 동해안 근처 연안에 도달하였으며, 평균 이동 거리는 250.9 km, 평균 수명은 93일, 평균 이동 속도는 3.5 cm/s였다. 나머지 73개의 DCE는 동쪽으로 이동하거나 생성된 위치 주변을 맴돌다가 소멸하였다. DCE 아래 50~100 m에서 수온(T)과 염분(S)이 주변보다 낮아(T < $5^{\circ}C$, S < 34.1) 등온선들과 등염선들이 돔(dome, 반구형으로 된 지붕 모양) 구조를 보였다. 또한 DCE의 중심에서 평균 38 km 떨어진 곳에서 10 cm/s 이상의 해류가 표층부터 수심 300 m까지 반시계방향으로 원을 그리며 흐른다. 동한난류가 이안하여 동쪽으로 흐르다가 울릉도 북쪽에서 울릉도를 끼고 시계방향으로 흘러서 사행을 시작하고, 울릉도 동쪽에 위치한 사행의 첫 번째 골이 남서쪽으로 깊이 파고들면, 해류사행의 마루와 마루가 연결되고 골 부분이 독립적으로 떨어져 나와 반시계방향 순환을 형성하면서 DCE가 생성된다. DCE가 서쪽으로 이동할 때 울릉 난수성 소용돌이(Ulleung Warm Eddy, UWE)의 가장자리를 따라 우회하여 시계방향으로 U 모양을 그리며 한국 동해안 쪽으로 이동한다. DCE가 연안 부근에 도달하면, 동한난류는 냉수성 소용돌이 보다 더 남쪽에서 이안하고, 냉수성 소용돌이의 가장자리를 따라 우회하여 북쪽으로 흐른다. 연안에서 독도 냉수성 소용돌이가 약화되고 약 30일 후에 소멸하면, 동한난류가 다시 한국 동해안을 따라 북쪽으로 흘러서 본래의 경로를 회복한다. DCE는 열과 염을 북쪽에서 남쪽으로 꾸준히 수송하고 울릉분지 남서쪽에 냉수해역 형성에 도움을 주며, 양의 상대와도를 가지고 와서 동한난류의 경로를 변경시키는 역할을 한다. 서쪽으로 이동하는 DCE 중에서 일부는 연안 냉수성 소용돌이와 병합되어 울릉분지 서쪽에 넓고 긴 냉수해역을 만들고 반시계 방향의 순환을 형성한다. 이와 같이 병합된 소용돌이는 북쪽에 UWE를 남쪽에 동한난류로부터 분리시킨다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1658-1665
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• 2009

15분간의 1회성 유산소 운동 시 염증성 표지자들의 변화와 여러 생리학적 변수들 간의 상관관계를 밝히기 위해 30명의 젊은 남성을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 운동 후 인터루킨-6(IL-6) 농도, 평균적혈구 혈색소 농도, 심박수, 수축기혈압, 중대뇌동맥 박동지수(PI) 및 저항지수(RI)는 운동 전 보다 증가하였다. 총백혈구수, 혈소판 수, 저밀도콜레스테롤은 운동후 약간 감소되는 경향이 있었다. 운동 전 IL-6농도와 수축기 혈압 간에 양의 상관성이, 운동 후 IL-6농도와 PI 및 RI 사이에 각각 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 운동 후 시기에 고민감도 C-반응단백 농도와 수축기혈압 또는 심박수와 각각 음의 상관성을 보였고, 운동 전 시기에 활성산소 농도와 수축기혈압, 이완기 혈압, 또는 심박수와 각각 양의 상관성을 나타내었다. 운동후 활성산소 농도와 중대뇌동맥의 혈류속도 간에 음의 상관성이 있었다. 운동 전 적혈구 지수(적혈구 수, 평균적혈구 용적, 평균적혈구혈색소, 평균적혈구 혈색소 농도)와 IL-6농도 사이에 반비례적 상관성이 있었다. 운동 후 활성산소 농도와 운동후 총백혈구수, 림프구수, 단구수 간에 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 운동 전, 마그네슘 농도와 IL-6, 고민감도 C-반응단백, 활성 산소 농도 사이에 음의 상관성이 있었다. 그리고 그 외 일부 생화학적 변수 및 전해질 농도와 염증성 표지자들 사이에 양혹은 음의 상관성이 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 짧은 시간 동안의 1회성 경도 유산소 운동역시 염증성 표지자들과 혈액변인 사이에 유의한 상관관계를 미칠 수 있으나 향후 좀 더 많은 연구를 통해 일회성 혹은 규칙적인 운동에 따른 성별 간 혹은 연령대별 생리학적 차이를 함께 규명할 필요 역시 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.400-411
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• 2018

본 연구는 2015년 5월부터 2016년 9월까지 원주시의 주요 하천인 원주천을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 조사지점은 상류지역인 관설동에서 하류지역인 호저면까지 총 3지점을 선정하였으며, 물리 화학적 분석, 수서곤충상 변화, 군집분석, 기능군 분석, Rarefaction curve, 통계분석 등을 실시하여 2004년의 연구와 비교 분석하였다. 2004년과 2016년의 종비율과 개체수 비율을 비교한 결과, 종비율은 2004년에 19종 (38.78%), 2016년에 22종 (36.67%)으로 하루살이목에서 가장 많은 것으로 분석되었으며, 개체수 비율은 2004년에 27,759.2개체(ind. $m^{-2}$, 84.30%), 2016년에 4,573.2개체(ind. $m^{-2}$, 41.64%)로 파리목에서 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 전체 출현종 변화를 분석한 결과 공통종은 총 26종, 2004년에만 출현한 종은 총 23종, 2016년에만 출현한 종은 총 34종으로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과, 2004년, 2016년의 우점도지수, 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 풍부도지수는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 전체 우점종은 2004년, 2016년 모두 깔따구류(Cronomidae sp.)로 분석되었으며, 아우점종은 2004년에는 줄날도래 (Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi), 2016년에는 명주 각다귀 KUa (Antocha KUa)로 나타났다. 기능군 분석 결과, 서식기능군은 Burrowers가 평균 -68.00% (${\pm}2.15$)로 가장 큰 변동율을 나타내었으며, 섭식기능군은 Collector-gathers가 평균 -40.12% (${\pm}1.77$)로 가장 큰 변동율을 나타내었다. Rarefaction curve 분석 결과, 연도별 관찰된 개체수를 71개체(ind. $m^{-2}$)로 가정할 때 2004년에 6종, 2016년에 8종으로 중류지역에서 종이 가장 빈약한 것으로 분석되었다. 물리적 요인, 수질, 군집지수, 종수, 개체수의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 물리적 요인 및 수질은 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 개체수와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. MDS 분석 결과, 2004년에는 상 하류지역의 유사도가 높은 것으로 분석되었고 2016년에는 상 하류지역의 유사도가 낮은 것으로 분석되어 물리 화학적 환경변화가 원주천 일대 수서곤충의 종조성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

독립영양 황탈질 미생물 Thiobacillus denitrificans를 이용한 질산염 오염지하수 정화 기술을 개발하고자, 3열의 관정형 반응벽체(길이 $\times$ 너비 $\times$ 깊이 = $3m\;{\times}\;4\;m\;{\times}\;2\;m$)를 한국농어촌공사 수리시험장(길이 $\times$ 너비 $\times$ 깊이 = $8m\;{\times}\;4\;m\;{\times}\;2\;m$)에 설치하고 현장적용성을 검토하였다. 전자공여체로 총 80 kg의 황입자를, 탈질미생물로 Thiobacillus denitrificans를 준비하였다. 황입자 표면에 Thiobacillus denitrificans를 부착하는 1톤 용량 물통 실험에서, Thiobacillus denitrificans는 질산염 농도 375 mg/L(6.1 mM)의 오염수를 11일 경과 후 ~12% (0.7 mM), 18일 경과 후 ~24%(1.3 mM), 32일 경과 후 ~45%(2.4 mM), 그리고 부착 종료 시(60일)까지 ~52%(2.8 mM)를 제거하며 황입자 표면에 성공적으로 부착 증식하였다. 이후, Thiobacillus denitrificans가 부착된 황입자를 3열의 관정형 반응벽체(각 열 간격 1 m)에 주입하여 황탈질 미생물 관정형 반응벽체를 설치하였다. 초기 질산염 농도 평균 181 mg/L 인 인공오염지하수에 대하여 28일 간 1차 정화실험을 실시하였고, 평균 281 mg/L 인 인공오염지하수에 대하여 14일 간 2차 정화실험을 실시하였다. 1차 실험의 인공오염지하수(2.9 mM)는 1열 반응 후 ~2%(0.06 mM), 2열 반응 후 ~9%(0.27 mM), 3열 반응 후 ~15%(0.44 mM)의 질산염이 제거되었다. 2차 실험의 인공오염지하수(4.5 mM)는 1열 반응 후 ~1%(0.02 mM), 2열 반응 후 ~6%(0.27 mM), 3열 반응 후 ~8%(0.37 mM)가 제거되었다. 실험 기간 중 인공오염지하수의 주입용량은 $1.24\;m^3/d$, 유속은 0.44 m/d를 유지하였고, pH는 6.7~8.3, DO는 0.9~2.8 mg/L 범위로 큰 변화가 없었다. 본 관정형 반응벽체 실험의 낮은 정화효율의 원인은 인공오염지하수에 대한 Thiobacillus denitrificans의 탈질 소요 시간 부족, 관정형 반응벽체의 개별 관정사이로 빠져나가는 인공오염지하수체, 그리고 질산염 환원효소의 활성 및 생성을 억제시키는 용존산소의 상대적으로 높은 농도 때문으로 추정된다. 황탈질 관정형 반응벽체의 현장적용시에는 탈질반응에 필요한 체류시간, 관정형 반응벽체의 개수 및 간격, 그리고 용존산소 농도 등 해당 오염부지의 고유 특성을 고려한 설계가 필요하다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.394-403
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• 2016

본 연구는 기상과 수질 측정망 자료를 사용하여 남한강 내 강천보와 이포보가 건설되기 전 후 기상, 수질 농도, 유량 및 조류 예보 발생 패턴의 변화를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 각 보의 건설 전 후의 구분은 Ward의 방법을 통한 군집분석으로 분석기간을 구분하였고, 또한 Chl-a(조류)와 기상, 수질 및 유량 등의 요인과의 상관분석을 통해 Chl-a(조류)의 발생량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하였다. 2005년부터 2015년까지의 관련 자료를 기준으로 총 12개 요인(수온, 강수량, 일조시간, pH, DO, BOD, COD, T-N, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$, T-P, $PO_4-P$)을 군집분석한 결과, 보 건설 전의 군집은 2006-2007년이며 보 건설 후의 군집은 2012-2013년으로 2개의 군집으로 분류되었다. 보 건설 전에 비해서 보 건설 후의 강천보 BOD는 II에서 Ia 등급으로 개선되었고, 이포보 BOD는II-III에서 Ia-II등급으로 개선되었다. 또한 전반적으로 보 건설 후에 T-P와 T-N 농도도 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 강천보와 이포보에서 Chl-a(조류) 농도는 보 건설 전보다 보 건설 후에 감소하였으나, 이포보가 건설된 후에는 보 건설로 인해 체류시간, 수온 및 일조시간이 증가하여 조류 예보 발생 횟수가 보 건설 전 9회에서 보 건설 후 15회로 증가하였다. 기상, 수질 및 유량요인과 Chl-a의 상관분석 결과, 보 건설 후 강천보에서 Chl-a는 BOD(0.579) > COD(0.413) > 기온(0.237) 순으로 양의 상관 값이 크게 나타난 반면, $NO_3-N$(-0.344) > T-N(-0.293)의 순으로 음의 상관 값이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 보 건설 후 이포보에서 Chl-a는 BOD(0.795) > pH(0.581) > 수온(0.422)의 순으로 양의 상관 값이 크게 나타난 반면, $NO_3-N$(-0.457) > T-N(-0.371) > $NH_3-N$(-0.326) > $PO_4-P$(-0.288) > 유량(-0.213)의 순으로 음의 상관 값이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이포보의 수질이 전반적으로 개선되었음에도 불구하고 조류 예보가 발생한 횟수가 증가된 것은 보 건설에 따른 하천 수질환경 변화보다 보 건설로 인해 하천의 흐름이 변화하여 유속이 감소하고 체류시간과 수온이 증가된 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2007

전기분해 염소소독기로 처리한 결과가 국제해사기구의 협약에서 제시한 생물처리 기준(D-2 regulation)을 만족하는지 확인하기 위해 박테리아, 식물플랑크톤($10-50\;{\mu}m$) 및 동물플랑크톤($>50\;{\mu}m$)의 사멸효과를 확인하였다. 실험조건은 대조구와 잔류염소농도 10 ppm(Expt. 1)과 30 ppm(Expt. 2)을 실험구로 설정하였고, 시험수를 $23.8\;m^3/hr$의 속도로 전기분해염소독기에 통과시켰다. 시험수의 생물조건은 국제해사기구에서 작성된 선박 평형수 관리 장치의 승인을 위한 지침서에서 제시한 기준을 따랐다. 식물플랑크톤의 생사판별은 광학현미경, 형광현미경 및 형광측정기(Turner Designs 10-AU)를 이용하여 확인되었다. 두 농도 조건(10 ppm, 30 ppm)의 처리수에서 운동성이 있는 식물플랑크톤은 움직임이 나타나지 않았고, 형광현미경 하에서 엽록소 형광색이 적색에서 녹색으로 바뀌었으며, 형광값은 고농도(Expt. 1: 6.95, Expt. 2: 7.11)에서 0으로 바뀌었다. 이는 식물플랑크톤의 활성이 상실되어 모두 사멸되었음을 의미한다. 동물플랑크톤의 생사판별은 해부현미경하에서 부속지의 움직임을 토대로 결정되었다. 전기분해 염소소독기 처리 후 해양환경에서 채집되어 농축된 자연군집 동물플랑크톤은 모두 사멸되었으나, 일부 Artemia가 생존하였다. 그러나 각 잔류염소 농도조건의 암소에서 노출시킨 지 24시간 뒤에는 모든 동물플랑크톤이 사멸되었다. 박테리아는 Petrifilm plates($3M^{TM}$)를 이용한 접종배양법으로 처리수의 총 세균, 대장균 군 및 대장균의 사멸효과를 확인한 결과, 균주가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 각 염소농도 조건의 처리수에서 추가적으로 노출시킨 5일 동안 세 그룹의 생물에서 재성장이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 세 그룹의 생물에 대한 전기분해염소소독기 처리결과가 국제해사기구에서 제정한 선박 평형수 배출기준을 만족시켰음을 보여주었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.