• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1987

온도조건이 벼멸구(Nilaparvate lugens Stal)의 발육과 산란에 미치는 영향을 정밀하게 조사하여 벼 포장에서의 온도변화에 따른 벼멸구의 발육경과를 예측함으로서 방제적기를 포착하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 정온과 변온의 식물 생장조정항온기 내에서 벼멸구의 발육속도 및 산란력을 측정하는 실험을 수행한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 정온조건에서의 발육 및 산란 벼멸구 난의 부화율은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며 그 이하나 이상의 온도로 변함에 따라 낮아지는 경향이었다. 난기간은 $27.5^{\circ}C$에서 가장 짧았으며 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 난기간이 길어지는 경향이었고 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서도 난의 발육이 지연되었다. 우화율은 $27.5^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았고 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 낮아져 $32.5^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서는 전혀 우화하지 못하였다. 약충기간은 $27.5^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 짧았으며 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 길어지는 경향이었다. 우화성충의 수명은 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 길어지는 경향이었고 수컷은 $27.5^{\circ}C$에서 수명이 가장 짧았다. 산란전기는 $32.5^{\circ}C$에서 가장 짧았으며 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 길어져 $17.5^{\circ}C$에서는 $32.5^{\circ}C$에서보다 약 6.5배에 달했다. 산란수는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 많았으며 그 이하나 이상의 온도로 변함에 따라 적어지는 경향이었다. 2. 변온조건과 정온조건에서의 발육 및 산란 같은 유효적산온도에서, 난의 부화율은 정온 조건에서보다 변온조건에서 약 10% 정도 높았으나 난기간은 큰 차이가 없었다. 우화율은 $22^{\circ}C$ 동일 유효적산온도 조건의 경우 변온에서 약 8% 정도 높았으나 $28^{\circ}C$ 동일 유효적산온도의 경우 반대로 정온조건에서 약 8% 정도 높았다. 약충기간은 정온조건에서보다 변온조건에서 약 $4{\sim}6$일 정도 길었다. 같은 유효적산온도에서, 성충의 수명과 산란수는 성충기의 온도가 정온인 것보다 변온인 것에서 길었으며 산란수도 많았다. 한편, 난기에서부터 약충기까지 노출시켰던 온도를 고려해 보면 약충기까지 $28^{\circ}C$ 정온에서 노출시켰던 구에서 각 온도 공히 성충의 수명이 길어져 성충의 수명은 약충기의 온도에 영향을 받았다. 산란전기에는 약충기와 성충기의 온도가 함께 영향을 주었으며 산란수에는 성충기의 온도가 큰 영향을 주었다. 3. 각 발육단계별 발육임계온도 및 유효적산 온도 본 실험결과 계산된 발육임계온도는 난기에서 $14.12^{\circ}C$, 약충기에서 $14.76^{\circ}C$, 성충기에서 $9.12^{\circ}C$, 산란전기에서 $15.95^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 각 발육단계별 유효적산온도는 난기에서 141.25 온일도(Degree-Day), 약충기에서 167.83 온일도, 성충기에서 349.64 온일도, 그리고 산란전기에서 58.60 온일도 이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2010

Forest fires have potentials to change the structure and function of forest ecosystems and significantly influence on atmosphere and biogeochemical cycles. Forest fire also affects the quality of public benefits such as carbon sequestration, soil fertility, grazing value, biodiversity, or tourism. The prediction of fire occurrence and its spread is critical to the forest managers for allocating resources and developing the forest fire danger rating system. Most of fires were human-caused fires in Korea, but meteorological factors are also big contributors to fire behaviors and its spread. Thus, meteorological factors as well as social factors were considered in the fire danger rating systems. A total of 298 forest fires occurred during the fall season from 2002 to 2006 in South Korea were considered for developing a logistic model of forest fire occurrence. The results of statistical analysis show that only effective humidity and temperature significantly affected the logistic models (p<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the probability of randomly selected fires ranges from 0.739 to 0.876, which represent a relatively high accuracy of the developed model. These findings would be necessary for the policy makers in South Korea for the prevention of forest fires.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.480-487
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• 2012

The application of solar energy in residential building is general and natural in today. And application methods of solar thermal energy is divided in two kind of form, single evacuated tube and flat-plate form. Then in this study, the efficiency of single evacuated tube and flat-plate system is compared by total and effective area considering the time receiving the solar radiation between 24 hours and the specific time(10:00~15:00). As a result of the experiment, single evacuated tube and flat-plate collector's efficiency is varied by the quantity of solar radiation. And especially, the flat-plate system is more affected by outdoor temperature. Therefore the application of solar thermal system should be considered the solar radiation and outdoor temperature.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2006

The effect of annealing time in Metal Organic Deposition(MOD) method was investigated at reduced total pressure. As the total annealing pressure was reduced, the growth rate of YBCO films increased from 0.14nm/sec at atmospheric pressure to 4.2nm/sec at 1 Torr. For the total pres sure of 700, 500, 300, 100, and 1 Torr, the optimal annealing times of 60, 40, 20, 10, 2minutes were found in our experimental conditions. When the an nealing time was short, poor crystallinity or un-reacted phase was obtained. Also, the degradation of YBCO films occurred when exposed longer to the humid ambient at the high annealing temperature. The reduced pressure was found effective to in crease the growth rate and to control the pore size of the YBCO films in MOD method. A fast growth of MOD-YBCO films was realized with high critical current density over $1MA/cm^2$ using reduced pressure annealing. Large pores, usually observed at atmospheric pressure in MOD method, disappeared and also, the number of pores was reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1985

Air-drying tests were carried out on green taun (Pometia pinnata f glabra) for 25-mm and 50-mm thickness to elucidate drying characteristics on air-drying rate, time and defects in spring and air-drying calendar. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The air-dried lumber for 25-mm thickness from an initial average moisture content (MC) of $58.3{\pm}3.5$ percent reached 30 percent MC in 17 days, 25 percent MC in 24 days, 20 percent MC in 38 days and 15 percent MC in 84 days. 2. The air-dried lumber for 50-mm thickness from an initial average MC of $59.6{\pm}5.0$ percent reached 30 percent MC in 39 days, 25 percent MC in 55 days and 20 percent MC in 84 days. 3. Air-drying calendar that could be useful in estimating drying times for each month developed by the use of climatological data for Suwon. Total number of effective air-drying days during a year were 243.5 days and the major determinant of the effect air-drying days was temperature. 4. The air-drying rates for 25-mm and 50-mm coated lumber were slight1y slower than those of uncoated lumber. The number and total length of both end checks and surface checks for end coated lumber were less severe than those of uncoated lumber.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2001

This study was performed to describe the overall sanitation of baking utensils and equipments, employees, and environment in 9 bakeries. Microbiological tests on employees, utensils and equipments, were done according to standard procedure and included total plate count, coliforms, fungi and Staphylococcus aureus.. Microbiological testing is a value in determining hazards for developing a HACCP plan but were not detected throat and employee's hands before use. Staphylococcus aureus was detected nasal cavity and employees's hands after use. Employee's apron after use was detected fungi and coliform and was risk factor of cross-contamination to bread or cookies et al. Generally hygienic conditions of pan, kitchen board, knife, brush, and wooden scoop were worse than those of other baking utensils such as tray, bread tweezers, dusting brush and dish cloth. And refrigerator, freezer and fermentation chamber were detected fungi and coliforms. Total plate count of heating table, working table, distribution table, washbowl and refrigerator was increased in 2nd period. Temperature of refrigerator was 10.43$^{\circ}C$ and strict temperature control of refrigerations needs. Therefore, baking utensils and equipments were reguraly need to sterilize and clean. Additionary, it need to practice the effective sanitation education and training program for the bakery managers and employees.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.136-148
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• 1998

This study was conducted to provide basic knowledge of effective environmental control of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period of July to December 1995. The subjects were consisted of 29 patients with allergic rhinitis. Each patient of nasal symptom scores assessed and dust samples drowned from their bedrooms twice for 1 month interval. The data. 58 samples were analyzed by using ANOVA. t-test and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows 1. Out of a total 52 dust samples $(89.7\%)$ were isolated house mites. Total 815mites/0.5gm dust were collected and identified the most prevalent house mites was Pyroglypidae mite with $81.1\%$ 2. The amount of house dust mites in the group of bedding laundry with hot water was significantly lower than that those of with cold water. 3. The nasal symptoms of the patients in the group of bedding laundry with hot water was significantly less than that those of with cold water. and also those of using large size bedroom was significantly lower than that those of using small size one. The nasal symptoms of the patients was closely associated with the washing water temperature. bedroom size. bedroom temperature. type of bedclothes, and frequency of cleanig room.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1985

The effect of irradiation at dose of 3~10 kGy on the extension of the shelf-life of sliced dried squid and dried file and on its quality were investigated during nine months of storage at room temperature. The number of microorganisms, TBA value and TMA-N content were used as objective indices concerned to the sensory evaluation. In the number of initial microbial loading, total bacterial count of sliced dried squid and dried file fish were $2.7{\times}10^{8}\;and\;2.0{\times}10^{5}$, yeast and mold were $5.7{\times}10^{5}\;and\;6.2{\times}10^{5}$ and coliform group were $2.1{\times}10^{5}$ and above 10 per gram of the samples, respectively. The number of total bacteria was sterilized by 99% with irradiation of 3~10 kGy and irradiation of above 7 kGy was shown to be effective for the radurization of yeast, mold and coliform group. TBA value of irradiated groups were higher than storage time. The TMA-N content of nonirradiated group was markedly increased by microbial spoilage during storage, however above 8 kGy irradiated group were indicated about 10 mg% after nine months storage. In the sensory evaluation, the nonirradiated group was off favor after three months storage and was changed in color of dried fishes but 7~10 kGy irradiated group were maintained good qualit compared with those of fresh samples after nine months storage at room temperature.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1995년도 제9회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.151-151
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• 1995

Nitrogen implantation process has been applied for improvement of wear resistance of Z Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding materials. Nitrogen was implanted at 120 ke V to a total do range of 1xHP ions/cm2 to 8xlO17 ions/cm2 at various temperatures of 298"C to 676"C. The m microstructure changes by nitrogen implantation were analyzed by using TEM, XRD 뻐d A AES, cmd then wear behavior was evaluated by ball-on-disc wear testings at various loads a and sliding velocity under unlubricated condition. Nitrogen implantation produced ZrNx nitride above 4.37x1017 ions!cm2 as well as heavy d dislocations, which enhanced microhardness of the implanted surface of up to 900 Hk from 2 200 Hk of unimplanted substrate. Hardness was also found to be increased with increasing i implantation temperature and enhanced up to OOOHk at 620 "C. the wear resistance was g greatly improved with increasing total ion do않 as well as implantation temperature. The effective enhancement of wear resistance at high dose and tem야ratures is believed d due to significant hardening associated with high degree of precipitation of Zr nitrides and g generation of prismatic dislocation I$\infty$ps.infty$ps.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

Digestate or slurry produced from anaerobic digestion is mostly applied to crop lands for its disposal and recovering nutrients. However, minimizing nitrogen losses following field application of the digestate is important for maximizing the plant's nitrogen uptake and reducing environmental concerns. This study was conducted to assess the effects of three different biogas digestate application techniques (sawdust mixed with digestate (SSD), the hole application method (HA), and digestate injected in the soil (SD)) on nitrate leaching potential in the soil. A pot laboratory experiment was conducted at room temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃ for 107 days. The experimental results showed that sawdust application method turned out to be appropriate for quick immobilization of surplus N in the form of microbial biomass N, reflecting its lower total nitrogen and NH₄-N contents and low pH. The NH₄-N and total nitrogen fate in the soil fertilized with manure showed no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences between the different methods applied during the incubation time under room temperature. In contrast, NO₃-N concentration indicates significant reduction in sawdust treatment (p < 0.05) compared to the control and other application methods. However, the soil sawdust mixed with digestate was more effective than the other methods, because of the cumulative labile carbon contents of the amendment, which implies soil net N immobilization.