• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 1999

In present study possible hypolipidemic effects of garlic were investigated in an experimental model which consisted of 4 groups of Wistar rats(three weeks old): CO group received a basal diet(as a standard diet) contained 6.3% of corn oil. LO group was taken the experimental diet in which only 6.3% corn oil in basal diet was substituted by 12.6% of lard oil. So the experimental diet was somewhat high saturated fat diet. LG1 group was treated orally with garlic juice as 1% of raw garlic in the diet together with the same diet as the diet for LO group. LG2 group was taken 2% of garlic under the same dietary condition as that of LG1 group. The rat body weights prior and posterior to the experimental period were measured and the amount of the experimental dietary intake was determined at every 3 day interval. After the experimental dietary period of 30 days the blood obtained from all the sacrificed rats were analyzed for the biochemical parameters. Over the one month period of experiment there was no abnormality or apparent change in appearance and activity or diet consumption in all experimental rat groups. LO group fed a diet rich in lard showed significantly increased body weight gain rate by 30% and also elevated levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by 29.9%, 27.4% and 62.3% respectively and no significant difference in the levels of HDL cholesterol, GOT, GPT, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen as compared to those of control group. So it seemed that the high calorie diet in LO group mainly contributed to the significant increase in body weight gain rate and other biochemical parameters. In spite of 1% garlic treatment LG1 group had significantly increased body weight gain rate by 25.2%, levels of triglyceride, total choesterol and LDL cholesterol by 25.2%, 24.6% and 50.5% respectively as compared to control and LO group, and no increase in the levels of HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen. At garlic 1% diet there was no hypolipidemic efficacy in rat serum. Under the treatment with garlic 2% in diet LG2 group showed significantly increased body weight gain rate by 19.7% as compared to control and elevated levels of GOT, GPT and BUN by 85.8~96.4%, 127~148% and 88% respectively as compared to control, but LG2 group had significantly reduced levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol as compared to LOand LG1 group. In present study there were no significant change in HDL cholesterol and blood glucose value. In LG2 group GOT, GPT and blood urea nitrogen values were slightly increased presumably due to the inhibiting effects of garlic on the hepatic or renal function of rats. Nevertheless in this study garlic may have some demonstrable hypolipidemic effects in rat.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2003

As the obesity has been known to be related with the hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cerebral apoplexy, fatty liver, and other chronic diseases, recent researches have focused on the functional food materials and their anti-obesity activities. This study was performed to study the effects of vanilloid family capsaicin, major pungent ingredient of hot chillies and peppers, on anti-obesity activities. ICR male mice were fed one of the pellet diet, basal diet, and high fat diet with capsaicin (45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day) solution for 5 days. Mice in the corresponding control groups were given water for 5 days. In results, capsaicin reduced body weights in any diet groups. Percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue in mice on the high fat diet with capcaicin were significantly lower compared with those in mice on the high fat diet with water. However, percent brown adipose tissue weight per body weight in mice on the high fat diet was not affected by capsaicin. Capsaicin reduced the levels of s-triglyceride and s-total cholesterol in the pellet diet or high fat diet groups. There was no difference in the s-protein levels between the capsaicin group and the control water group. These data indicate that 1) orally administered capsaicin has a reducing effect on the blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and 2) capsaicin has lowering effects on the body weight, percent weight and cell size of the abdominal white adipose tissue.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training on blood and metabolic variances and genes expressions in hyperlipidemic rats. Three weeks-old male rats were randomly assigned into chow (n=7), high-fat diet (HF, n=7) and HF+exercise (HF+EX, n=7) groups. Exercise training consisted of the treadmill running 5 times per week during 8 weeks (0% grade, 30 min/time for first 4 weeks and 0% grade, 60 min/time the other 4weeks). The levels of triglyceride and total -cholesterol were increased in HF diet compared with chow group, and recovered to level of chow group by exercise training. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased by 40 and 50%, respectively in HF diet compared with chow diet group, and these increases returned to the level of chow group by exercise training (p<.05). Body weight and abdominal fat mass were increased by high-fat diet compared with chow diet, and recovered to level of chow group by exercise training. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate and AMPK protein expression was not changed by HF diet, but increased by exercise training compared with high-fat diet (p<.05). UCP3 protein expression was not changed by either high-fat diet or exercise training compared with chow group. There was high correlation between plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations(p<.01). Plasma triglyceride or total cholesterol level showed correlation with following factors; plasma insulin and glucose levels, body weight, abdominal fat weight, UCP3 protein expression and long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate. These results showed that exercise training on the treadmill recovered hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet for 8 weeks. These exercise effects may be related with decreased body weight and abdominal fat mass, and increased long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.945-951
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on lipid levels of serum in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Male Sprage-Dawley rats weiging 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to groups of two normal(N, N+10X) and four high cholesterol diets which contained 1%(w/w) cholesterol. High cholesterol diet groups were classified to xylooligosaccharide free diet (C group), 5% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+5X group), 10% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+10X group) and 15% xylooligosaccharide diet(C+15X group) according to the level of dietary xylooligosaccharide supplementation. These experimental diets were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. The weight gain of high cholesterol diet group were significantly increased more than that of normal group, but those of 10% and 15% dietary xylooligosaccharide groups were significantly decreased more than that of high cholesterol diet(C)group. The higher content of xylooligosaccharide, the more food intake was increased. The food efficiencies of 10%, 15% cholesterol diet groups were lower than that of high cholesterol diet(C)group. The levels of serum triglyceride(TG) and total cholestoral were significantly high in cholesterol diet groups compared with normal diet group but were decreased in groups fed 5% and 10% dietary xylooligosaccharide. Especially, the lowest level showed in group fed high cholesterol diet containing 10% xylooligosacchride. High cholesterol diet group containing 10% xylooligosaccharide increased HDL-cholesterol level and then decreased LDL-cholesterol level and atherogenic index compared with other groups. The level of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in serum was decreased in rat group fed xylooligosaccharide in high cholesterol diet. The higher content of xylooligosacchride, the more gastrointestinal transit time was decreased. The results indicate that dietary xylooligosaccharide can improve status of TG and total cholesterol and repress lipid peroxidation in serum lipid at hypercholesterolemia induced by high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content on bone metabolism in ra. Thirty male rats (body weight 145$\pm$2g) were divided into three groups. The rats in the first group were fed on casein 20% diet as animal protein source and those in the second group were fed on soy 20% diet as plant protein source. Sulfur amino acid ratio of these group was 1.07:1. The rats in the third group were fed on soy 20% diet and the sulfur amino acid were supplemented with the amount contained as much in the soy 20% diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks, The total body, spine, femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline, creatinine in urine and calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin in serum were measured. During the experimental period, plant protein (soy protein) group had a lower urinary Ca excretion, urine pyridinoline ＆ crosslinks value and had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein) group. There were no significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin among the three groups of the rats. The findings from this study demonstrated that plant protein (soy protein) is beneficial of bone mineral density because it had a higher Ca efficiency in total bone and femur bone mineral density than animal protein (casein). However, the supplementation of sulfur amino acid on soy results were consistent with prior studies that dietary sulfur amino acid load had a negative effect on calcium balance. The rats fed sulfur amino acid supplementation diet increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased calcium efficiency for total and femur mineral density. Therefore, dietary protein source and sulfur amino acid content influence bone metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 100-107, 2004)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fructooligosaccharide on intestinal flora, lipid metabolism and immune response. Thirty two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into two groups according to body weight. Each group was fed the diet containing 2% cholesterol or the normal diet, respectively for 4 weeks. Each group was again divided into two sub-groups and they were fed with the diet containing 5% of sucrose and fructooligosaccharide, respectively for 8 weeks. The number of bifidobacteria slight increased, but not significantly, in oligosaccharide groups. Plasma total lipid concentration in cholesterol group was signficantly increased compared to the value in normal group. Dietary oligosaccharide decreased plasma total lipid concentration and triglyceride concentrations in normal group, but not in cholesterol group. Fecal lipid excretion was higher in cholesterol group than in normal group. Fecal cholesterol concentration in cholesterol-oligosaccharide group was significantly increased compared to other groups. Cholesterol had slight effects on TBARS and the immune status, but dietary oligosaccharide had no effects on these variables. The results in this study suggest that dietary oligosaccharide had no effect on serum and liver profiles of rats fed high cholesterol diet but increases the fecal cholesterol excretion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1980

This study was designed to investigate calcium intake, calcium excretion, and calcium absorption rate of the college women in Korea. The subjects of this experiment were five healthy college women aged from 18 to 23 years who lived in Seoul. The period of this experiment was two weeks, the first week was spent in having an ordinary diet and the next week for the experimental diet. Two weeks later, the feces of subjects were collected. Results obtained by the present experiment were as follows: 1) The total food intake from the experimental diet daily was about $1600{\sim}2000g$. 2) The total calcium intake was about $270{\sim}585mg$ and $710{\sim}880mg$ for the ordinary diet and the experimental diet respectively. 3) The daily calcium excretion of feces was about $219{\sim}295mg$. 4) The calcium absorption rate of subjects was about $60{\sim}70%$.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2010

There is an increasing interest in curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective agent via decreased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level. The aim of this study was to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of bile acid from cholesterol, at the mRNA level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 45% high fat diet or same diet supplemented with curcumin (0.1% wt/wt) for 8 weeks. The curcumin diet significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) by 27%, total cholesterol (TC) by 33.8%, and LDL-cholesterol by 56%, respectively as compared to control group. The curcumin-supplemented diet also significantly lowered the atherogenic index (AI) by 48% as compared to control group. Hepatic TG level was significantly reduced by 41% in rats fed with curcumin-supplemented diet in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the curcumin diet significantly increased fecal TG and TC. The curcumin diet up-regulated hepatic CYP7A1 mRNA level by 2.16-fold, compared to control group p (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the increases in the CYP7A1 gene expression may partially account for the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of silybin on body weight and glucose tolerance in mice fed high fat diet mice. We found that body weight, plasma TG contents, fat size, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in silybin (500 mg/kg) supplemented groups compared to high fat diet group. Whereas, total food intake was not changed between high fat diet group and high fat diet plus silybin group. Futhermore, supplement of high fat elevated the glucose intolerance and was improved in silybin supplement group. Finally, we examined the effect of silybin on circulating adipocytokine level to explore the possible mechanism by which silybin improves high fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. The silybin supplement significantly reduced the level of adipocytokine, such as leptin, resistin, IL-6, and MCP-1 induced by high fat diet. These results suggest that silybin can be used to improve obesity and diabetes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cranberry power on antioxidant defense system in rats fed an atherogenic diet and injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 5 groups: normal diet+saline (NS), atherogenic diet+saline (AS), atherogenic diet+LPS (AL), atherogenic diet with 5% cranberry powder+LPS (AL-C5), and atherogenic diet with 10% cranberry powder+LPS (AL-C10). Total antioxidant status measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was significantly reduced by LPS injection (24%) and was restored by the cranberry powder treatment (P<0.05). In addition, the mean level of plasma total phenolics was significantly decreased by LPS injection (P<0.05) and tended to be increased when cranberry powder was incorporated in to the diet. Activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) tended to be lowered by LPS injection and declined further in cranberry powder fortified groups. Overall results indicate that dietary cranberry powder may provide appropriate antioxidants to counter the diminished antioxidant status induced by exposing hypercholesterolemic rats to LPS.