• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2023

Fifteen samples of dried laver Pyropia tenera were collected from markets and processing plants in Korea for an assessment of their microbial and chemical hazards, in accordance with the Korean food code. The contamination levels of total viable bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nine other pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, and Campylobacter jejuni) were evaluated The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, total mercury, and total arsenic) and radioactive isotopes (¹³¹I, and ¹³⁴Cs+¹³⁷Cs) in the laver samples were also determined. The total viable count of bacteria was 2.62±0.80 (1.48-4.45) CFU/g. The contamination levels of lead, cadmium, total mercury, and total arsenic were 0.024±0.005 (0.018-0.035), 0.090±0.038 (0.041-0.146), 0.008±0.005 (0.003-0.018) and 1.315±0.372 (0.814-1.930) mg/kg, respectively. All samples tested negative for significant levels of radioactivity, the nine pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli (<1.00 CFU/g). We assume that ensuring the microbiological and chemical safety of dried laver can increase the demand for its exportation. The present study may serve as a basis for microbiological and chemical hazard assessment of dried lavers.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 1997

For the purpose of improving hygienic quality of dried-Angelica Keiskei Koidz powder, the effect of ozone treatment and gamma irradiation on the microbial decontamination and physicochemical properties were investigated. Gamma irradiation at 5 to 7.5 kGy resulted in sterilizing total aerobic bacteria, molds and coliforms below detective levels, while ozone treatment for 8 hours up to 18 ppm did not sufficiently eliminate the total aerobic bacteria of the sample. The physicochemical properties of the sample were not changed by gamma irradiation up to 7.5 kGy, whereas, ozone treatment caused remarkable changes in pH, TBA value, chlorophyll, carotenoid and fatty acid compositions. Therefore, this investigation demonstrated conclusively that gamma irradiation was more effective than ozone treatment for decontaminating and sterilizing the dried-Angelica Keiskei Koidz powder, with minimal effect on the physicochemical properties analyzed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2006

Electron beam irradiation was applied to examine the microbial growth and qualities of vacuum-packaged Astragalus membranaceus, a Korean medicinal herb. Samples were irradiated at dose of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 kGy, respectively. Microbiological data on A. membranaceus showed that populations of total bacteria, yeast and mold, total coliforms were significantly reduced with increase of irradiation dose. Populations of microorganisms in A. membranaceus were decreased by 2-3 log cycles at 8 kGy irradiation. Color measurements showed that electron beam treatment caused negligible changes in Hunter color L, a, and b values of A. membranaceus. Sensory evaluations showed that there were no significant changes among the samples. These results suggest that electron beam irradiated A. membranaceus have better microbial safety and qualities, compared with the non-irradiated control.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2003

There are lots of waterborne diseases which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms disseminated in contaminated environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of water qualify and in order to investigate the sanitary condition of water purifier in northern part of Gyeonggi-do. We analyzed pathogenic microorganisms and 44 items of drinking water criteria from April to July in 2002. The results were as follows. 1. In 774 samples of water purifier, Pathogenic bacteria(salmonella, E coli O-157, O-26, O-111, shigella, pseudomonas etc.) were not isolated and total coliforms not detected. 2. About 76.5% of the water with purifier are found to be appropriated to the drinking water quality criteria. but 182 samples(23.5%) were without limits of drinking water criteria. 3. In the microbiological examination, 774 samples of purified water showed that 169 samples(21.9%) exceed the range of recommended limits(100 $CFU/m{\ell}$) to the total viable bacterial counts by pour plate method.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.465-467
• /
• 1997

The comparative effects of ozone treatment and gamma irradiation on the sterilization, physicochemical properties and sensory quality of red pepper powder were investigated. As for the sterilization of microorganisms, 7.5~10 KGy of gamma irradiation completely eliminated the coliforms, yeast and molds, and total aerobic bacteria. On the other hand, ozone treatment failed to eliminate the highly contaminated microbial load, especially total aerobic bacteria. The physicochemical properties including capsaicin, capsanthin, browning, fatty acid compositions and sensory quality were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation up to 10 kGy, whereas ozone treatment caused significant changes in fatty acid compositions and destruction of natural pigments (p<0.05). The above results led us to conclude that gamma irradiation was more effective than ozone treatment for the sterilization and maintenance of physicochemical and sensory qualities of red pepper powders.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 2003

This research was to determine and compare the inactivation of total coliform as the indicator organism with chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone for drinking water treatment. The inactivation of total coliform was experimentally analyzed for the dose of disinfectant, contact time, pH, Temperature and DOC. The experiments for the characterization of inactivation were performed in a series of batch processes with the total coliform as a general indicator organism based on chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone as disinfectants. The nearly 2.4, 3.0, 3.9 log inactivation of total coliform killed by injecting 1mg/L at 5 minutes for chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone. For the inactivation of 99.9%, Disinfectants required were 1.70, 1.00 and 0.60 mg/L for chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone, respectively. The bactericidal effects of disinfectants were decreased as the pH increased in the range of pH 6-9. The influence of pH change on the killing effect of chlorine dioxide was not strong, but that on ozone and free chlorine was sensitive. The bactericidal effects of the disinfectants were increased as the temperature increase. The activation energies were 36,053, 29,822, 24,906 J/mol of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone for coliforms. The inactivation effects were shown in the lowest order of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone.

• 급식외식위생학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2021

This study was performed to assess the microbiological quality and safety of microgreen sampled from harvesting farms and food processing plant in Korea. The samples were analyzed for total viable counts, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Total viable counts were highly contaminated in samples collected from farms (7.7~8.2 log CFU/g) and the final products (5.8~7.8 log CFU/g), respectively. B. cereus was detected less than 100 CFU/g, which was satisfied with Korean standards (<1,000 CFU/g) of fresh-cut produce. A predictive model was developed for the changes of total viable counts in microgreens during storage at 5~35℃. The predictive models were developed using the Baranyi model for the primary model and the square root model for the secondary model. The results obtained in this study can be useful to develop the safety management options along the food chain, including fresh-cut produce storage and distribution.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1611-1618
• /
• 2005

일반 음식점인 한식당의 시설과 기구의 미생물 오염도를 확인하기 위해 부산지역에서 세곳의 대형한식당을 선정하여 여름기간 중 위생평가를 실시하였다. 총 175개의 Swab 샘플이 식당의 시설과 기구의 표면에서 채취되어 총균수와 대장균군수가 측정되었다. 또한 식당내부의 공기속에 존재하는 총균, 대장균군, 포도상균 그리고 곰팡이와 효모의 오염도를 측정하기 위해 36개의 공기샘플이 채취되었다. 모든 채취된 샘플은 아이스박스에 담기어 실험실로 이송되어 분석되었다. 실험결과 대부분의 Swab된 표면들이 많은 수의미생물과 대장균군에 의해 오염된 것으로 확인되었다. 미생물의 오염정도는 샘플이 채취된 장소별로 차이가 있었다. 총균수 측정결과200$cm^{2}$의 단위면적당 검출되지 않는 것에서부터 최고 2.14$\times$$10^{9}$의 수치가 관찰되었고 대장균군인 경우에는 검출되지 않은 것에서부터 최고 8.34$\times$$10^{7}$의 수치가 검출되었다. 한식당의 공기오염도 측정결과 대부분의 측정 지역에서 일반세균, 대장균군, 포도상구균 그리고 곰광이와효모가 검출되었다. 미생물에 의해 심각하게 오염된 부분은 바닥, 트렌치, 물병내부, 플라스틱 소쿠리, 고무장갑, 선반 그리고 포장되지 않은 물수건으로 확인되었다. 이러한 장소는 위 생표준작업기준의 관리점으로 지정하여 중점적으로 관리되어야만 할 것이다. 또한 식중독사고의 발생위험을 감소시키기 위해서 육안검사와 더불어 주기적인 미생물 검사가 식당의 오염도가 높은 장소에서 수행되어져야만 할 것이다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2015

분변이 오염된 기저귀의 플라스틱과 펄프를 재활용하기 위해서 기저귀에서 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척, 기저귀의 직접 가열 살균 후 세척, 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프의 세척 후 가열 살균의 3가지 방법으로 플라스틱, 펄프 중의 대장균군과 일반세균의 저감화를 시도하였다. 기저귀를 10% $CaCl_2$과 4% 해수염 용액에 반응시킨 뒤 1,000 ml의 희석액을 투입한 후 체에 걸러 플라스틱과 펄프 시료를 분리하였다. 분리된 플라스틱, 펄프의 미생물의 저감화에는 3회 세척이 가장 적당하였으며 3회 세척 시 플라스틱과 펄프에 잔존하는 대장균군은 92.8%과 99.8%가 감소하였고 일반세균은 97.3%과 98.5%가 감소하였다. 사용된 기저귀에서 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하지 않고 직접 기저귀를 살균한 후 플라스틱과 펄프를 분리하여 잔존 미생물수를 측정한 결과, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 살균한 후 3회 세척 및 분리 과정을 거쳐 회수한 플라스틱과 펄프에서는 12시간 가열 후에도 $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$에서 각각 2-3 log CFU/g, 1-2 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 검출되어 완전 사멸이 되지 않았다. 한편 분변 오염된 기저귀로부터 얻어진 플라스틱과 펄프를 3회 세척한 후 가열하는 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서 4시간으로 완전 살균이 되었으며, 이 방법이 분리된 플라스틱과 펄프 중의 미생물의 저감화에 가장 적합한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.361-366
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 다슬기 중의 자연균총의 정량적 오염도 분석과 해감 제거 공정(지하수, 상수)에 따른 저감화 효과를 조사하였다. 다슬기 중의 일반세균, 대장균군과 대장균, 진균 및 황색포도상구균의 정량적 검출을 위해 표준평판법을 사용하여 각각 plate count agar (PCA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), 대장균군/대장균용 3M Petrifilm 및 황색포도상구균용 3M Petrifilm에 도말하여 집락을 계수하였다. 지하수와 상수 처리에 따른 이들 균의 저감화 정도 역시 동일한 방법으로 수행되었다. 다슬기 원료 중의 미생물 오염도 분석시, 일반세균, 대장균군 및 진균은 각각 6.40, 2.70 및 $6.79{\log}_{10}CFU/g$로 조사되었다. 대장균과 황색포도상구균은 검출되지 않았다 (검출 한계: < $1{\log}_{10}CFU/g$). 그러나, 지하수로 해감 제거한 다슬기의 경우, 분석된 모든 미생물의 정량적 오염도가 원료 다슬기에 비해 높게 검출되었다. 특히 원료 다슬기에서 불검출이었던 대장균도 $2.46{\log}_{10}CFU/g$ 검출되었다. 상수로 해감 제거한 다슬기의 일반세균은 유의적으로 저감화 되지 않았으며(p<0.05), 대장균군은 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p>0.05). 진균만이 약간의 저감화(0.2 log 이하)를 유의적으로 보였다(p>0.05). 본 연구결과 지하수와 상수를 이용해서 해감 제거하는 공정만으로는 다슬기의 미생물학적 안전성을 확보하기 곤란한 것으로 판단된다.