• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The most common causes of neonatal cholestasis are neonatal hepatitis (NH) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). Since neonatal cholestasis presents with variable expression of same pathologic process and has similar clinical, biochemical, and histologic features between EHBA and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (NH), differential diagnosis is often difficult. We reviewed the differences of clinical characteristics and laboratory data to find out any correlation between the results of $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and presence of acholic stool. Methods: Between June 1993 and January 2001, total 29 infants younger than 4 month-old underwent $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan. Their biochemical tests and clinical course were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Patients who had negative intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed acholic stool and revealed higher serum direct bilirubin and urine bilirubin level. 18.2% of patients with acholic stool showed intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and 81.8% of them did not. All the patients without acholic stool showed positive intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan. The result of $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan and the presence of acholic stool showed high negative correlation (r :-0.858). Patients with acholic stool and negative intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed higher serum total bilirubin level. Patients without acholic stool and positive intestinal activity on $Tc^{99m}$ DISIDA scan showed higher serum level of ALT. Conclusion: Patients with acholic stool and negative intestinal activity showed high correlation, but 18.2% of patients with acholic stool showed positive intestinal activity. So operative cholangiogram or transcutaneous liver biopsy should be performed for confirmation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2006

목 적 : 본 연구는 태충(太衝) 및 양지혈(陽池穴) 에 대한 전침(電鍼)이 galactosamine 을 이용한 백서의 간독성(肝毒性)을 실험적으로 유발시킨 모델에서 예방효과(豫防效果)를 알아보고자 혈청중의 $\gamma\;-GTP$, GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride 의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 간독성은 각 군들은 간독성을 유발하지 않고 무처치한 정상군, 간독성을 유발하고 난 후 무처치한 대조군, 각각 10 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz 전침을 20 일간 10 회 시행한 후 간독성을 유발한 Pre 10, Pre 50, Pre 100군 등으로 분류하였다. 결 과 : 태충(太衝) 양지혈(陽池穴)에 대한 전침(電鍼) 치료(治療)의 예방효과(豫防效果)에서는 Pre 10 군에서는 ${\gamma}\;-GTP$, GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, triglyceride이 Pre 50군에서는 ${\gamma}\;-GTP$GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol이, Pre 100 군에서는 ${\gamma}\;-GTP$, GOT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol이 대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 결 론 : 위의 결과를 종합해보면 간독성에 대하여 태충(太衝) 양지혈(陽池穴)의 전침(電鍼)을 시행한 모든 군에서 간능과 지절대사에서 간손상에 대한 유의한 예방효과를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2011

In clinical chemistry tests, the interfering substances such as hemoglobin, lipid, bilirubin, and drugs, etc. can cause the changes of test results performed by spectrophotometrical methods. We evaluated the effects of interfering substances on the test results by adding interfering substances on the samples in the 19 kinds of clinical chemistry tests such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, triglyceride, uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphours, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein using newly implemented automatic chemical analyzer Toshiba TBA-C8000 under the direction of CLSI EP07-A guideline. Hemolytic samples show increased concentration of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase and reduced concentration of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase by interfering effect. Hyperlipemic samples show increased concentration of total protein and alkaline phosphatase and reduced concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The samples with conjugated bilirubinemia show increased concentration of inorganic phosphours, otherwise the samples with unconjugated bilirubinemia show no interference or allowable range in the test result.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.170-179
• /
• 1993

Three hundred consecutive adult patients having cardioaortic surgery under the cardiopulmonary bypass for a variety of cardioaortic lesions were evaluated retrospectively for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia[above 5mg/100ml].We found twenty eight patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia and divided them into two groups according to the postoperative day of peak s-bilirubin .Group A was the patients with a peak s-bilirubin level within three days ,and group B above three days postoperatively.Group B was divided into group S[survive] and group D[death] . We had compaired the survival & death group and observed the correlation between the decreasing tendency of postoperative s-bilirubin & the nutrition per os in group B. The incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia,as defined by a s-bilirubin concentration of 5.0mg/100ml or greater,was 9.3%.The mortality rates of group A & B were 0.0% and 35.7% respectively.Important contributing factors between group A & B were the age,duration of ICU,Max.DOAB[maximum dose of catecholamine used],amount of blood transfused during or shortly after surgery and preoperative pulmonary hypertension[main pulmonary artery pressure > 30mmHg] and backward heart failure. The risking factors of group D compared to group S were as follows the age,preoperative & postoperative SGOT[serum glutamic-oxaloacetic trasaminase],postoperative total & indirect bilirubin,cardiopulmonary bypass time,duration of ICU & mechanical ventilation ,Max.DOAB,preoperative pulmonary hypertension and backward heart failure.The six patients in group B showed good correlation between the decreasing point of s-bilirubin and the starting day of oral or tube feeding.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1999

From January 1994 to April 1997, there was 15 survivals who was admitted to the department of internal medicine, Wonkwang Oriental Medicine Hospital in Cheun-ju, after ingestion of paraquat, and treated with Oriental and western medicine therapy. For the patients, I investigated clinical symptoms, gastroduodenoscopy, intake by oral and parenteral route, and output by urine and stool, serum ALP, AST. ALT, Bilirubin, BUN, Creatinine level and urine analysis. On admission day, the LFT level was as follows. The serum mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin was $10.05{\pm}2.75\;KAU$, $66.67{\pm}9.88\;IU／L$, $43.80{\pm}7.74\;IU／L$, $1.89{\pm}1.22\;mg／dl$ and $1.10{\pm}1.14\;mg／dl$ respectively. After that day, administered Gamdutang and checked the mean LFT level regullary. Until the 3rd day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was $11.01{\pm}3.16\;KAU$, $56.47{\pm}7.19\;IU／L$, $59.00{\pm}7.57\;IU／L$, $2.54{\pm}1.78\;mg／dl$, $1.64{\pm}1.59\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 4th day to 7th day, the mean ALP; AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was $12.51{\pm}3.49\;KAU$, $77.85{\pm}7.17\;IU／L$, $58.00{\pm}9.09\;IU／L$, $2.54{\pm}1.97\;mg／dl$, and $1.80{\pm}1.81\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 8th day to 10th day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was $12.43{\pm}3.14\;KAU$, $41.13{\pm}6.49\;IU／L$, $50.40{\pm}7.17\;IU／L$, $1.66{\pm}1.90\;mg／dl$ and $1.14{\pm}1.50\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 11th day to 14th day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was $12.30{\pm}3.25\;KAU$, $31.07{\pm}3.85\;IU／L$, $43.33{\pm}5.49\;IU／L$, $1.62{\pm}1.95\;mg／dl$, $1.17{\pm}1.71\;mg／dl$ respectvely. On admission day, the mean RFT level as follows. Serum BUN and Creatinine level was $28.73{\pm}5.19\;mg／dl$ and $1.82{\pm}1.27\;mg／dl$ respectively. After that day, administered Gamdutang and checked the mean RFT level regullary. Until the 3rd day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was $32.12{\pm}5.65\;mg／dl$ and $2.31{\pm}0.45\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 4th day to 7th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was $31.07{\pm}5.47\;mg／dl$ and $1.92{\pm}0.79\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 7th day to 10th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was $17.47{\pm}3.57\;mg／dl$ and $1.33{\pm}0.59\;mg／dl$ respectively. From 11th day to 14th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was $11.93{\pm}3.16\;mg／dl$, $1.27{\pm}0.38\;mg／dl$ respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.270-275
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a portable and compact optical device which can conveniently be used to perform a functional analysis of human liver function. The proposed system employed red/green LEDs, as a light source, and CMOS image sensor, which is commonly used in cellular phones. With this system, several blood serum samples have been evaluated for liver functional analysis by measuring light absorption level through the blood serum samples depending on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin concentration. The light absorption through the blood serum samples containing AST, ALT, or total bilirubin can provide their concentrations. The green light absorption is more sensitive to the concentration of AST or ALT, and the red light absorption is more sensitive to the total bilirubuin concentration. Additional calibration steps were performed by using a MATLAB program in order to eliminate the light scattering effects from the extraneous particles existing in each blood serum sample. From the blind test, three standard light intensity curves through each enzyme have been obtained and the enzyme concentration values have been compared to those obtained from a commercially available biochemistry analyzer (Toshiba 200 FR). The average percent difference in the obtained concentrations from two systems for AST, ALT, and total bilirubin concentration came out to be 7.79%, 7.98%. and 7.56%, respectively, with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.98. This system can possibly lead to a low-cost and simple system that can be used as a point-of-care (POC) system in a condition without advanced equipments.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2012

High-intensive endurance exercises induce cell changes in body, changes in structures and functions of the heart, the muscles, the cartilages, and the liver, as well as increase of inflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this study was to estimate the biochemical changes in the liver and muscles during ultra-marathon race (100 km) by sections. The blood of the subjects was collected before the marathon as a control in order to analyze serum creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), asprtate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total(T)-bilirubin, direct(D)-bilirubin, total protein, albumin, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (${\gamma}$-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations. The CK, LDH, D-bilirubin, AST and ALT concentrations at 50 km and 100 km were significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). The markers at 100 km were higher than those at 50 km (P<0.05). The T-bilirubin and hs-CRP concentrations showed no difference among the groups, whereas the markers at 100 km were higher than those of the control and at 50 km (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the ultra-marathon race (100 km) may induce the damage of the skeletal muscle, liver and kidney, intravascular hemolysis and inflammatory responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.1367-1370
• /
• 2015

Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is difficult when patients do not show jaundice. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of using the total serum bile acid (TSBA) level as an aid for the diagnosis of CCA in patients without jaundice. For this purpose, TSBA of the following groups were measured using a Beckman Synchron CX4 clinical chemistry analyzer: 60 cases of CCA with total serum bilirubin ${\leq}2mg/dL$ (low total bilirubin group, LTB); 32 cases of CCA with total serum bilirubin >2 mg/dL (high total bilirubin group, HTB); and 115 healthy controls. Liver function parameters such as serum cholesterol, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also examined. The results showed that the TSBA of both LTB and HTB groups of the CCA patients were significantly higher than that of the healthy controls. Also, significant correlation was observed between TSBA and total bilirubin levels in the HTB group of CCA patients. However, no such correlation was seen in the LTB group. The cut-off value of TSBA was determined for the LTB group of CCA patients using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and it was $6.05{\mu}mol/L$ with the sensitivity and specificity of 46.7% and 84.4%, respectively. In addition, the ALP level was correlated well with the TSBA level and ALP in HTB group was significantly higher than that of LTB group. Moreover, the combination of high TSBA and high ALP levels gave higher specificity up to 97.4%. TSBA might be useful for the diagnosis of CCA patients without jaundice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 1993

This study examined the incidence of disease and blood biochemical values in 68 Holstein cattle during the a month period after parturition. In order to compare the blood biochemical values, the animals were divided into 2 groups of prepartum and 4 groups of postpartum according to the blood collecting day, respectively. The results compared postpartum with prepartum were obtained as follows : the incidences of displacement of abomasum, culled and retained placenta were 11.8%. 13.2% and 8.8%, respectively. In the normal group(pre and post parturition group), NEFA and bilirubin were increased. Triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly lower than In the pre-parturition group, and total lipid was decreased. In the disease group, displacement of abomasum was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, triglyceride and bilirubin. Culled was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA, AST and bilirubin. but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. Retained placenta was significantly higher than in the normal group in the levels of NEFA and bilirubin, but lower than in the normal group in the levels of triglyceride.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating liver protection mechanism of bear bile juice (Fel Ursi)by inducing liver toxicity through $CCl_4$ in mice and evaluated histological and serological findings. Methods : Experiment groups was categorized into untreated normal group, $CCl_4$ treated control group, and orally administered bear bile juice experiment group. At the termination of experiment, gross examination of the liver as well as histological findings, and Total protein, Albumin, Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin SGOT, SGPT, and ALP contents in the serum were evaluated. Results : 1. For gross examination and histological findings, $CCI_4$ treated control group showed destroyed lobular structure, increased fibrosis, as well as hepatic cirrhosis. For the group treated with bear bile juice, the lobular structure suffered less damage, and showed lower level of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis compared to the control group. 2. For serum analysis, Total protein and Albumin were significantly increased in the bear bile juice experiment group than the control group. Total bilirubin and Direct bilirubin didn't show significant differences between the two groups. SOOT, SGPT, and ALP were significantly decreased in the normal and bear bile juice experiment groups compared to the control group. Conclusion : Taken together, bear bile juice can be effectively used for recovering the liver functions and further researches must be conducted to verify the efficacies of bear bile juice.