• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.3923-3927
• /
• 2011

A noble method for pre-concentration and speciation of ultra trace As (III) and As (V) in urine and whole blood samples based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed. In this method, As (III) was complexed with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate at pH = 4 and Then, As (III) was extracted into the ionic liquid (IL). Finally, As (III) was back-extracted from the IL with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and its concentration was determined by flow injection coupled with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HGAAS). Total amount of arsenic was determined by reducing As (V) to As (III) with potassium iodide (KI) and ascorbic acid in HCl solution and then, As (V) was calculated by the subtracting the total arsenic and As (III) content. Under the optimum conditions, for 5-15 mL of blood and urine samples, the detection limit ($3{\sigma}$) and linear range were achieved 5 ng $L^{-1}$ and 0.02-10 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The method was applied successfully to the speciation and determination of As (III) and As (V) in biological samples of multiple sclerosis patients with suitable precision results (RSD < 5%). Validation of the methodology was performed by the standard reference material (CRM).

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2009

In this study, oxidation of As (III) as well as removal of total arsenic by adsorbents coated with single oxides or multi-oxides (Fe (III), Mn (IV), Al (III)) was investigated. In addition, multi-functional properties of adsorbents coated with multi-oxides were evaluated. Finally, application of activated carbon impregnated with Fe or Mn-oxides on the treatment of As (III) or As (V) was studied. As (V) adsorption results with adsorbents containing Fe and Al shows that adsorbents containing Fe show a greater removal of As (V) at pH 4 than at pH 7. In contrast adsorbents containing Al shows a favorable removal of As (V) at pH 7 than at pH 4. In case of iron sand, it has a negligible adsorption capacity for As (V) although it contains 217.9 g-Fe/kg-adsorbent, Oxidation result shows that manganese coated sand (MCS) has the greatest As (III) oxidation capacity among all metal oxides at pH 4. Oxidation efficiency of As (III) by IMCS (iron and manganese coated sand) was less than that by MCS. However the total removed amount of arsenic by IMCS was greater than that by MCS.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.345-354
• /
• 2001

높은 함량의 비소로 오염된 지역으로부터 분리해 낸 토착미생물들이 비소 지구화학에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Arsenite는 arsenate에 비하여 더욱 높은 미생물 성장 저해효과를 나타내었다. Arsenate를 함유한 배양액에 분리된 미생물들을 24시간 동안 배양한 결과, arsenate의 함량이 높을수록 미생물들의 성장은 감소하였으며 150mM 이상의 arsenate 조건에서는 성장이 확연히 중단되었다. 그러나, 동일 배양액에서 4일간에 걸쳐 추가 배양한 결과 미생물들의 성장이 다시 관찰되었으며 이는 미생물들이 비소를 해독하고 성장을 유지할 수 있도록 그들의 생화학적 기능을 조절하였음을 의미한다. 분리된 것 중 두 종의 미생물을 arsenate를 함유한 배양액에서 20시간 가량 배양한 결과, arsenate를 arsenite로 환원시켰음이 관찰되었고 이는 해독기제에 의한 것으로 추측된다. 또한 동일조건의 배양액에서 4일간 추가 배양한 결과 총 용존 비소함량의 감소가 관찰되었다. 미생물은 자연조건에서 비소의 화학종 결정에 영향을 미치며 이러한 특성은 비소로 오염된 지역의 복구에 유용하게 사용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.152-156
• /
• 2002

토양중 비소함량이 식물체내 이동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 아연 폐광산 근처 논토양과 벼에 함유된 비소함량을 조사하였다. 논토양 중 비소는 total As의 약 52.9%, extractable As의 74%정도가 iron oxide phase에 bound된 비소(Fe-As)였으며 수용성 비소(Ws-As)는 대부분 검출한계 이하였다. 비소의 연속추출 결과, extractable As fraction중 Fe-As가 1 N-HCI 가용성 As와 가장 높은 상관을 나타내었고, 이것은 토양중 Fe-As 의 함량이 많기 때문으로 생각된다. 식물체 부위별 비소의 농도는 뿌리>잎 줄기>곡실순이었으며 곡실 중에 함유된 비소농도는 FDA 식품기준 1.08mg/kg 이하였다. 토양중 As fraction과 식물체 부위별 As함량간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 Al-As fraction이 뿌리와 0.821, 줄기 0.888, 잎 0.777로 비교적 높은 상관계수를 나타내었고, 작물에 가장 잘 이용될 수 있는 비소의 형태는 Al-As fraction인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 1997년도 제15회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1997

The morphology and size distribution of chromium oxides and the concentration measurement of atomic arsenic have been studied in laminar diffusion flames. Nitrogen was added to vary flame temperatures in hydrogen flames. Ethene flames were used in order to investigate the potential for interaction between the soot aerosol that is formed in these flames and the chromium aerosol. Two sources of chromium compounds were introduced: chromium nitrate and chromium hexacarbonyl. A detailed investigation of the morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amounts of Cr(VI) and total Cr were determined by a spectrophotometric method and by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Also, LIF was used for the measurement of atomic arsenic, which was excited at 197.2 nm and was detected at 249.6 nm. Results showed that the morphology of the particles varied with the flame temperature and with the chromium source. The particles were characterized by porous structures, cenospheres and agglomerated dense particles when chromium nitrate solution was added to the flames. At low to moderate temperatures, porous sintered cenospheric structures were formed, in some cases with a blow hole. At higher temperatures, an agglomerated cluster which was composed of loosely sintered submicron particles was observed. It was also found that the emission of Cr(VI) from the undiluted $H_2$ flame was more than 10 times larger than in the 50% $H_2$ / 50% $N_2$ flame on a mass basis. Single point LIF measurement of atomic arsenic indicated that arsenic exist only in the low temperature, fuel rich region.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.3.1-3.8
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in growth, hematological parameters, and plasma components of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, following exposure to varying arsenic concentrations present at different water temperatures. P. stellatus (total length, $15.9{\pm}0.4cm$; body weight, $62.2{\pm}4.2g$) were exposed for 4 weeks to waterborne arsenic (sodium arsenite, As) at 0, 150, 300, and $600{\mu}g/L$ at temperatures of $12^{\circ}C$ and $18^{\circ}C$. Toxic effects of As exposure on P. stellatus were higher at the higher temperature and the growth and hematological parameters measured decreased with increasing arsenic concentration, while the concentration of plasma components measured increased. This indicates that waterborne As exposure and water temperature can cause toxic effects on growth, hematological parameters, and plasma components in Platichthys stellatus.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 2018

재배조건에 따른 차이를 보기 위해 논에서 재배되는 논쌀 두종과 제주밭쌀의 특성과 중금속 함량을 비교하였다. 두 논쌀 중 아밀로오스 함량이 높은 논쌀 2와 제주밭쌀은 높은 페이스팅 온도와 낮은 최고 점성, 그리고 상대적으로 높은 셋백(setback)을 보였으나, 재배조건에 따른 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 제주밭쌀은 짙은 노란색과 낮은 점성을 보여 외관과 기계적 식미치에서 논쌀보다 낮게 평가되었다. 중금속 중 카드뮴과 납은 논쌀과 밭쌀의 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 총 비소함량의 경우 제주밭쌀은 논쌀의 10.1-17.9%에 해당하는 양을 보였다. 또한 제주밭쌀의 무기비소함량도 논쌀 2의 무기비소함량의 15% 정도에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 논쌀을 침수, 취반, 뜨거운 물로 씻어내리기 등의 처리에 의해 무기비소 함량을 각각 34.1, 23.8, 17.5% 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 제주밭쌀의 경우 무기비소함량이 매우 적어 처리에 의한 유의적 차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.920-924
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to estimate total contents of arsenic (As) by stepwise multiple-regression analysis using chemical properties and extractable contents of metal in paddy soil adjacent to abandoned mines. The soil was collected from paddies near abandoned mines. Soil pH, electrical conductively (EC), organic mater (OM), available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), and exchangeable cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na) were measured. Total contents of As and extractable contents of metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. From stepwise analysis, it was showed that the contents of extractable As, available phosphorus, extractable Cu, exchangeable K, exchangeable Na, and organic mater significantly influenced the total contents of As in soil (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression models have been established as Log (Total-As) = 0.741 + 0.716 Log (extractable-As) - 0.734 Log (avail-$P_2O_5$) + 0.334 Log (extractable-Cu) + 0.186 Log (exchangeable-K) - 0.593 Log (exchangeable-Na) + 0.558 Log (OM). The estimated value in total contents of As was significantly correlated with the measured value in soil ($R^2$=0.84196, p<0.0001). This predictive model for estimating total As contents in paddy soil will be properly applied to the numerous datasets which were surveyed with extractable heavy metal contents based on Soil Environmental Conservation Act before 2010.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2008

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae(BEG 107) in enhancing growth and arsenic(As) and phosphorus(P) uptake of white clover(Trifolium repens) and evening primrose(Oenothera odorata) in soil collected from a gold mine having concentrations of 381.6 mg total As $kg^{-1}$ and 20.5 mg available As $kg^{-1}$. Trifolium repens and O. odorata are widely distributed on abandoned metalliferous mines in Korea. The percent root colonization by the AM fungus was 55.9% and 62.3% in T. repens and O. odorata, respectively, whereas no root colonization was detected in control plants grown in a sterile medium. The shoot dry weight of T. repens and O. odorata was increased by 323 and 117% in the AM plants compared to non-mycorrhizal(NAM) plants, respectively. The root dry weight increased up to 24% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata following AM colonization compared to control plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased the accumulation of As in the root tissues of T. repens and O. odorata by 99.7 and 91.7% compared to the NAM plants, respectively. The total uptake of P following AM colonization increased by 50% in T. repens and 70% in O. odorata, whereas the P concentration was higher in NAM plants than in the AM plants. Colonization with AM fungi increased the As resistance of the host plants to As toxicity by augmenting the yield of dry matter and increasing the total P uptake. Hence, the application of an AM fungus can effectively improve the phytoremediation capability of T. repens and O. odorata in As-contaminated soil.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.655-666
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 함안지역 고농도 비소 오염 지하수의 미생물 군집 특성 분석을 통해 지하수 내 비소 산출 특성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 함안지역 지하수는 0~757.2 ㎍/L 농도 범위의 비소로 오염되어 있으며, 이는 국내에서 보고된 가장 높은 자연기원 지하수 비소 오염 농도를 나타낸다. 전체 200개 시료 중 29개(14.5%)에서 먹는물 수질 기준인 10 ㎍/L 이상의 비소 농도가 관측되었으며, 암반 지하수 관정(80~100 m 심도)에서는 50 ㎍/L 이상인 시료가 8개(4%) 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 함안군 북측 지역에는 비소 함량이 100 ㎍/L 이상인 관정이 7개 존재하는 특징을 보였다. 고농도 비소 오염지역 지하수의 미생물 군집 분석 결과, 8개 시료에서 서로 상이한 군집 특성을 보였으며 Proteobacteria가 평균 61.5%로 가장 우점하였다. 속(genus) 수준에서는 혐기성 균인 Gallionella속과 Methermicoccus 속, 호기성 비소 환원균인 Acinetobacter속이 각각 12.8%, 7.3%, 7.8%의 높은 비율로 존재하고 있었다. 결과적으로 연구 지역의 지화학적 특성과 지하수 내 미생물의 생지화학적 기작의 복합적 반응에 의해 고농도 비소 오염 특성을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 구축된 지화학적 특성과 미생물 군집에 대한 정보는 지하수 내 고농도 비소의 생성 기원과 이들의 제어 기술 개발에 활용이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.